G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 as\u0131rlardan beri yery\u00fcz\u00fcne geldi\u011fi halde bilin\u00e7li faydalanmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a yenidir. Kaynaklara g\u00f6re, ilk defa Sokrat (M.\u00d6.400), evlerin g\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcne fazla pencere koyarak g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri girmesini ve kuzey taraf\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcksek yaparak r\u00fczgar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Arschimed\u2019in (M.\u00d6.250) i\u00e7 b\u00fckey aynalarla g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 odaklayarak Sirakuzay\u0131 ku\u015fatan gemileri yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmektedir. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi konusundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar 1600 y\u0131l\u0131nda Galile\u2019nin merce\u011fi bulmas\u0131yla artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk defa Fransa\u2019da 1725\u2019de Belidor taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir pompa yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Frans\u0131z bilim adam\u0131 Mouchot 1860\u2019da parabolik aynalar yard\u0131m\u0131yla g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 odaklam\u0131\u015f ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir buhar makinesi yapm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcne\u015f pompalar\u0131 ve g\u00fcne\u015f ocaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde deneyler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi ile ilgili ilk kitapta 1869\u2019da \u201cLa Chaleur Solaire et Aplication Industrielles\u201d ismiyle Nouchot taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mouchot 1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk defa g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir so\u011futucuda bir blok buz \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi ile ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, i\u015f yapan ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n hava oldu\u011fu bir makine 1868\u2019de Ericsson taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u0131llarda g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi konusundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f tatl\u0131 su elde edilmesi ve g\u00fcne\u015f ocaklar\u0131 konusundaki \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Adams, Hindistan\u2019da yedi askerin yeme\u011fini so\u011fuk ay say\u0131lan ocak ay\u0131nda konik yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f oca\u011f\u0131 ile 2 saatte pi\u015firmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Schuman ve Boys, 1913\u2019te parabolik aynalar yard\u0131m\u0131yla g\u00fcne\u015f enerjili bir buhar \u00fcreticisi yapm\u0131\u015flar ve bundan faydalanarak Nil Nehri\u2019nden su \u00e7eken 50 BG\u2019deki su pompas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
I.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda, petrol\u00fcn \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131yla g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisine olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ara\u015ft\u0131rma d\u00fczeyinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1930 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra pasif sistemlerle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla ilgili ilk \u00f6nemli toplant\u0131 da 1954\u2019te Yeni Delhi\u2019de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u201cUluslararas\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f Enerjisi Derne\u011fi-International Solar Energy Society\u201d\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131 daha \u00e7ok 1973\u2019deki d\u00fcnya enerji krizi ile olmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinden bir \u00e7ok alanda yararlan\u0131lmakta ve her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn faydalanma alanlar\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi konusundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yenidir. \u00d6zellikle 1973 petrol krizinden sonra \u00fclkemizde de g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve 1975 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi ile s\u0131cak su sa\u011flayan sistemler yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcney ve bat\u0131 sahillerinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00fcne\u015f enerjili s\u0131cak su sistemi mevcuttur. Belirtmek gerekir ki T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de imalat\u0131 yap\u0131lan g\u00fcne\u015f toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7o\u011fu d\u00fcnya standartlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Is\u0131 hesaplar\u0131 kolay olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun g\u00fcne\u015f toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilip yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bir \u00e7o\u011fu yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke patentiyle \u00fcretilmekte, genellikle de toplay\u0131c\u0131 boyutlar\u0131 da benzetilerek se\u00e7ilmektedir.<\/p>\n
G\u00dcN\u00dcM\u00dcZ\u00dcN VE GELECE\u011e\u0130N \u201cSOLAR\u201d CAMLARI <\/p>\n
Cam teknolojisindeki geli\u015fmeler son on y\u0131lda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u015famalar kaydetmi\u015f ve cam\u0131n al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelliklerine aranan bir\u00e7ok yeni \u00f6zellikler katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gereksinimler, kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 ve cam \u00fcr\u00fcnlerindeki rekabet bizleri cam\u0131n de\u011ferini art\u0131rmaya zorlamaktad\u0131r. Cam \u00fcr\u00fcnleri kavram\u0131 ile cam\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli kullanma alanlar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilir. Bu, pencere cam\u0131ndan g\u00f6zl\u00fck cam\u0131na, araba camlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ay barda\u011f\u0131na kadar \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 kapsar. Cam\u0131n de\u011ferini art\u0131rma ise, cam\u0131n al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7irme ve yans\u0131tma \u00f6zelli\u011fini cam\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f alan\u0131na uygun olarak istenilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ge\u00e7irici ve yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 hale getirme, bu \u00f6zellikleri kontrol edebilme anlam\u0131na gelir. <\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00e7e\u015fitli anlamlarda de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f camlar \u00e7e\u015fitli tekniklerle haz\u0131rlanmakta ve \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Cama katma de\u011fer sa\u011flama i\u015flemi farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde yap\u0131labilir. Cam\u0131n kendi hamuru de\u011fi\u015ftirilebildi\u011fi gibi, cam yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra \u00fczerine konan kaplamalarla cam\u0131n optik \u00f6zellikleri kontrol edilebilir. Harman kompozisyonunun de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi pahal\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem oldu\u011fundan ve harmandan \u00e7\u0131kan renkli camlar\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011finin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeni ile daha \u00e7ok d\u00fcz cam\u0131n ikinci i\u015flemlerle kaplanarak de\u011fer art\u0131rma yolu kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gelece\u011fin camlar\u0131 olarak, kaplama \u00f6zelli\u011finin de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilmesi ya da de\u011fi\u015fmez olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re aktif ve pasif camlardan bahsedilir. Pasif camlar \u00f6zellikleri tasar\u0131mlanabilen, ancak kontroll\u00fc olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyen camlard\u0131r. Aktif camlar ise \u00f6zelliklerini ya d\u0131\u015f etkilere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftiren ya da optik \u00f6zellikleri bizim taraf\u0131m\u0131zdan kontrol edilebilen, de\u011fi\u015ftirilen camlard\u0131r. Aktif camlara \u201cak\u0131ll\u0131\u201d camlar ya da \u201ckromojenik\u201d camlar da denir. <\/p>\n
Camlarda aranan \u00f6zellikler \u00f6rne\u011fin, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm, renk ve kusursuz olman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7irgenlik ve yans\u0131tma veya \u0131s\u0131 alma ve yans\u0131tma \u00f6zellikleridir ki bu sonuncular co\u011frafik yere, mevsime, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve geceye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. Enerji kayb\u0131n\u0131n minimuma indirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan cama solar kontroll\u00fc kaplamalar\u0131n konmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmu\u015ftur. Genellikle pencere camlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 dalga boyundan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak maksimum oranda ge\u00e7irmeyi ve minimum oranda yans\u0131tmay\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenir. \u00d6zellikli camlar ise d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan i\u00e7 mek\u00e2na maksimum oranda g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi alan, fakat i\u00e7eriden d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya daha az enerji s\u0131zd\u0131ran camlard\u0131r. Bunlar solar enerjinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan i\u00e7 mek\u00e2na ge\u00e7iren, fakat i\u00e7i mek\u00e2ndaki termal enerjiyi de \u00e7oklukla tekrar i\u00e7eri yans\u0131tsan bir cam tasar\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Aktif camlarda iste\u011fe g\u00f6re cam\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri kontrol edilebilmektedir. Bu da \u00f6zellikle \u201celektrokromik\u201d camlar\u0131n normal ve di\u011fer solar camlara \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
Kaplamal\u0131 camlar\u0131, kaplama proseslerindeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar nedeni ile b\u00fcy\u00fck alanl\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alanl\u0131 kaplamalar olarak iki k\u0131s\u0131mda toplayabiliriz. B\u00fcy\u00fck alanl\u0131 camlar\u0131 ise kullan\u0131lma alanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re mimari camlar\u0131 ve oto camlar\u0131 olarak tekrar iki k\u0131sma ay\u0131rabiliriz. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alanl\u0131 camlardan kaplama ile de\u011ferlendirilebilecek olanlar interferans filtreleri, lazer aynalar\u0131, kamera objektifleri gibi optik bile\u015fenler, dekoratif camlar, g\u00f6zl\u00fck camlar\u0131 vb. gibi di\u011fer kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131ndaki camlard\u0131r. Bilhassa g\u00f6zl\u00fck camlar\u0131ndaki yans\u0131tmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyici, AR kaplamalar ve plastik lensler \u00fczerine konan \u00e7izilmez sert kaplamalar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en yeni ve b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye gerektirmeyen, ancak \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck pazarlar\u0131 olan teknolojileridir. <\/p>\n
Solar camlar\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi (IR) b\u00f6lgede yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131, fakat g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr b\u00f6lgede ge\u00e7irici (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisiviteli, \u201cLow-E\u201d, kaplamalar), veya g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr b\u00f6lgede selektif yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 veya ge\u00e7irici camlar (renkli solar camlar), veya yans\u0131tmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyici, AR, ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi y\u00fcksek camlar ve bunlar gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli solar kontroll\u00fc camlar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131, ince film kaplamalar\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. B\u00f6yle kaplamal\u0131 camlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck alanl\u0131 bina camlar\u0131nda ve ayn\u0131 zamanda oto camlar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n ve \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulama alanlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. AR kaplamalar m\u00fczelerdeki koruyucu resim camlar\u0131nda, kamera objektiflerinde ve bunun gibi yerlerde istenmeyen yans\u0131malar\u0131 \u00f6nledi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Low-E camlar cam\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131k ge\u00e7irme \u00f6zelli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeksizin camdaki \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nledi\u011finden, enerji tasarrufu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 yararlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Renkli solar camlar ise hem gizlilik sa\u011flamas\u0131 hem de solar enerji kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerek duyulan camlar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Araba camlar\u0131ndaki \u00f6zel kaplamalar aras\u0131nda; bir dakikada buzlanm\u0131\u015f camdaki buzu eriten, bu\u011fuyu gideren kaplamalar, AR kaplamalar, ak\u0131ll\u0131 camlar, radara g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen camlar gibi \u00f6rnekleri sayabiliriz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 as\u0131rlardan beri yery\u00fcz\u00fcne geldi\u011fi halde bilin\u00e7li faydalanmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a yenidir. Kaynaklara g\u00f6re, ilk defa Sokrat (M.\u00d6.400), evlerin g\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcne fazla pencere koyarak g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri girmesini ve kuzey taraf\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcksek yaparak r\u00fczgar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Arschimed\u2019in (M.\u00d6.250) i\u00e7 b\u00fckey aynalarla g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 odaklayarak Sirakuzay\u0131 ku\u015fatan gemileri yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmektedir. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi konusundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[7184,7182,7183],"class_list":["post-3001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-elektrokromik","tag-gunes-enerjisi-ile-sicak-su-temini","tag-gunes-isini"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3001","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3001"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3001\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3001"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3001"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3001"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}