Matematikle ilgili eserler incelendi\u011finde, birinci grup olarak Eski Yunan matematik\u00e7ilerinden Thales (M.\u00d6. 624-547), Pisagor (M.\u00d6. 569-500), Zeno (M.\u00d6. 495-435), Eudexus(M.\u00d6. 408-355), \u00d6klid (M.\u00d6. 365-300), Ar\u015fimed (M.\u00d6. 287-212), Apollonius (M.\u00d6. 260?-200?), Hipparchos (M.\u00d6. 160-125), Menaleus (do\u011fumu, M.\u00d6. 80) \u0130skenderiyeli Heron (? -M.S.80) , Batlamyos (85- 165) ve Diophantos (325-400) ile bunlar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Daha sonra, ikinci grup olarak da Bat\u0131 D\u00fcnyas\u0131 matematik\u00e7ilerinden; Johann M\u00fcler (1436-1476), Cardano (1501-1596), Descartes (1596. 1650), Fermat (1601-1665), Pascal (1623-1662), Newton (1642-1727), Leibniz (1646-1716), Mac Loren (1698-1748), Bernoulli’ler (Bu aileden sekiz \u00fcnl\u00fc matematik\u00e7i vard\u0131r. Bunlar; Jean Bernoulli (1667-1748, Jacques Bernoulli 1654-1705, Daniel Bernoulli 1700-1782…), Euler (1707-1783), Gaspard Monge (1746-1818), Lagrange (1776-1813), Joseph Fourier (1768-1830), Poncolet (1788-1867), Gauss (1777-1855), Cauchy (1789-1857), Loba\u00e7evski(1793-1856), Abel (1802-1829), BooIe (1815-1864), Riemann (1826-1866), Dedekind (1831-1916), H. Poincare (1854-1912) ve Cantor (1845-1918) ile bunlar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131 belirtilir.<\/p>\n
Yukarda; birinci grup olarak belirtti\u011fimiz; Eski Yunan (Antik \u00e7a\u011f, Grek) matematik\u00e7ileri; M.\u00d6. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131l ile M.S. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131l aras\u0131nda, ikinci grup olarak belirtti\u011fimiz Bat\u0131 D\u00fcnyas\u0131 matematik\u00e7ileri ise, 16. ile 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Burada akla \u015f\u00f6yle bir soru gelmektedir. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan \u00f6nceki zaman i\u00e7erisinde matematik konular\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olmam\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r? \u00d6zellikle, \u0130slamiyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131 olan 7. y\u00fczy\u0131l ile 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan T\u00fcrk – \u0130slam D\u00fcnyas\u0131 matematik bilginlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezlikten gelinmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ek olan \u015fu ki; T\u00fcrk – \u0130slam D\u00fcnyas\u0131 matematik\u00e7ileri, yukar\u0131da birinci grup olarak adlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti\u011fimiz Eski Yunan bilginlerinin ortaya koyup, yeterli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getiremedikleri, matematik sorunlar\u0131na yeni \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler getirdikleri gibi, bu bilime yeni sistem, kavram ve teorem kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n sonucu bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ileri matemati\u011fin temelini atm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Her ne kadar, Bat\u0131l\u0131 baz\u0131 bilim tarih\u00e7ileri, Eski Yunan matemati\u011fini geli\u015ftirmi\u015f olmakla vas\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131yorlarsa da, son y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn temelinden yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde, evrensel nitelikteki kendi alimlerimizin bilimsel y\u00f6nlerine gereken ve yeterli \u00f6nem verilmezken; Bat\u0131’da, \u00f6zellikle son y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde, bilginlerimize ait y\u00fczlerce cilt eser ve makalelerin yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131, hatta bu bilginlerimiz i\u00e7in, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llara adlar verildi\u011fi ve anma t\u00f6renleri d\u00fczenlendi\u011fini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bunlardan birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse; d\u00fcnyada ilk cebir kitab\u0131 yazan\u0131n Harezmi (Harezm 780-Ba\u011fdat 850), trigonometrinin temel bilginlerinden olan sin\u00fcs ve cosin\u00fcs tan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ilk a\u00e7\u0131klayan el-Battani (Harran 858-Samarra 929), tanjant ve cotanjant tan\u0131mlar\u0131 ile ilgili temel bilgileri Ebu’l Vefa (940-998), Pascal’a (Blaise Pascal 1623-1662) izafe edilen ve cebirde \u00f6nemli kurallar\u0131 ihtiva eden “Binom Form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn” \u00d6mer Hayyam’a (1038-1132) ait ve Kepler’in (Johannes Kepler 1570-1630) ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na rehberlik edenin \u0130bn-i Heysem (965-1039) oldu\u011funu belirtebiliriz. Ayr\u0131ca Sabit bin Kurra (826-901) i\u00e7in “T\u00fcrk \u00d6klid’i” bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck alimi, Beyruni (Bruni) (973-1052) i\u00e7in “Onuncu Y\u00fczy\u0131l Bilgini”, \u00fcnl\u00fc T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Ulu\u011f Bey i\u00e7in “On Be\u015finci Y\u00fczy\u0131l Bilgini” \u00f6\u011frencisi Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u i\u00e7in “On Be\u015finci Y\u00fczy\u0131l Batlamyos’u” dendi\u011fini de belirtmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Yukarda sadece birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 belirtti\u011fimiz 8. ile 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l T\u00fcrk – \u0130slam D\u00fcnyas\u0131 alimlerinin eserleri, Bat\u0131’da “Terc\u00fcme Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan 12. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren, \u00f6nceleri zaman\u0131n bilim dili olan Latince’ye, daha sonradan da, \u00f6teki Bat\u0131 dillerine \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7evrilen bu eserlerin as\u0131llar\u0131 ise, Do\u011fu Yazma Eserleri ile zengin olan Avrupa k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinde muhafaza edilmekte ve hala, ilgili bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n elinde, gerekti\u011finde temel m\u00fcracaat kitab\u0131, ya da kaynak eser olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 kaynaklar, matemati\u011fin kurucusu ve geli\u015ftiricisi olarak, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 matematik\u00e7ilerinin adlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Ger\u00e7ekte; Avrupa, 8. ile 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l T\u00fcrk – \u0130slam D\u00fcnyas\u0131 matematik\u00e7ilerinin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 temel eserlerden b\u00fcy\u00fck istifadeler sa\u011flayarak, matemati\u011fi, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ileri seviyesine ula\u015ft\u0131rabilmi\u015flerdir. \u00d6yle ki; T\u00fcrk – \u0130slam D\u00fcnyas\u0131 matematik\u00e7ileri, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ilmi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma duygular\u0131n\u0131 ate\u015fleyerek harekete ge\u00e7irip beslediler ve yeni bir canl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131rd\u0131lar. Cebir, geometri, aritmetik ve trigonometri konular\u0131nda Bat\u0131’y\u0131 kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve ke\u015fiflerine dayanarak ilerleyebilece\u011fi seviyeye getirdiler. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130talyan matematik\u00e7i Cordano’nun (1501-1576) ad\u0131n\u0131 belirtebiliriz.<\/p>\n
17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda; \u0130ngiliz (\u0130sko\u00e7yal\u0131) John Napier (1550-1617), \u0130svi\u00e7re matematik\u00e7ilerinden Gulden (1577-1643); \u0130talyan matematik\u00e7ilerinden Cavalieri (1598-1647); Frans\u0131z matematik\u00e7ilerinden Ren\u00e9 Descartes (1596-1650), Desargues (1593-1662), Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), Pierre Fermat (1601-1663); Hollandal\u0131 matematik\u00e7i Huygens’in (1629-1695) adlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtebiliriz. Bu ki\u015filerden J. Napier logaritmaya ait sistemleri ortaya koymu\u015ftur. R.Descartes de analitik geometriye ait yeni baz\u0131 temel esaslar\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015f, mevcut analitik geometri bilgilerini sistemle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer matematik\u00e7iler de, matemati\u011fin \u00e7e\u015fitli dallar\u0131na ait, baz\u0131 yeni temel bilgiler kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda; \u0130svi\u00e7re matematik\u00e7ilerinden; Bernouilli (Jacques I 1654-1705), Cramer (1704-1752), Leonard Euler (1707-1783), Alman matematik\u00e7ilerinden Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1146-1716), \u0130ngiliz matematik\u00e7ilerinden lsaac Newton (1642-1727), Mac Loren (1698-1746), \u0130talyan matematik\u00e7ilerinden Ceva (1648-1734), Riccati (1676-1754), Frans\u0131z matematik\u00e7ilerinden Clairaut’in (1713-1765) adlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtebiliriz.<\/p>\n
19. y\u00fczy\u0131l Frans\u0131z matematik\u00e7ilerinden; Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736-1813), Gaspard Monge (1746-1818), Pierre Simon Laplace (1749-1827), Joseph Fourier (1768-1830), Galois (1811-1832), Legendre (1752-1833), F. W. Bessel (1784-1846), Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789-1857), Jean Victor Poncolet (1788-1857), Poinsot (1771-1859), Brianchan (1785-1864), Dupin (1784-1873), Chasley (1793-1880), Charles Hermite (1822-1901); \u0130talyan matematik\u00e7ilerden Carnot (1753-1823); Norve\u00e7 matematik\u00e7ilerinden Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829), Alman matematik\u00e7ilerden, Jacobi (1804-1851), Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866), Leopold Kronecker (1823-1891), Eduard Kummer (1810-1893), Weierstrass (1815-1897); Sovyet matematik\u00e7ilerinden Nikolay Ivanovi\u00e7 Loba\u00e7evski (1793-1856), Sonia Kowallewska (1850-1891); \u0130ngiliz matematik\u00e7ilerden Georg Boole (1815-1864), Cayley (1821-1895), James Joseph Sylvester (1814-1897) ve \u0130rlandal\u0131 matematik\u00e7i William Rawan Hamilton (1805-1865) adlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtebiliriz. Bu ki\u015filerden; Gaspart Monge, tasar\u0131 geometrinin; Carnot, konum geometrisinin; Newton, sonsuz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler geometrisini; Pascal, Huygens ve Fermat da, olas\u0131l\u0131k hesab\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6kmekani\u011fini geli\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n
20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in; Alman matematik\u00e7ilerinden Dedekind (1831-1916), L.Fhillip Cantor (1845-1918), Frans\u0131z matematik\u00e7ilerinden Henri Poincare’nin (1854-1912), \u00fclkemizde de, Henri Poincare’nin \u00f6\u011frencisi Salih Zeki’nin (1864-1921) adlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtebiliriz. Daha sonra gelen; Alman, \u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetleri Birli\u011fi, Japonya ve Hindistan ile \u00c7in’de yeti\u015fen matematik\u00e7iler, matemati\u011fe kazand\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 yeni bilgiler ile, matemati\u011fi insan zekas\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek eseri haline getirmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lacak k\u0131sa a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra, \u015fu ger\u00e7ek ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ileri matematik ve bunun uygulama alan\u0131 olan astronomi (g\u00f6kbilim) ve fizi\u011fin temel bilgileri, uygulamalar\u0131 ile birlikte, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, Eski M\u0131s\u0131r ve Mezopotamya’da vard\u0131. Daha sonralar\u0131 bu bilgiler, Eski Yunan, Eski Hint ve 8. ile 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l T\u00fcrk – \u0130slam D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ileri seviyeye gelmi\u015ftir. Bilahare 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonras\u0131, Bat\u0131 D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc “Saadet Devrine” ula\u015fabilmi\u015ftir. Bu geli\u015fimde, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesi medeniyetlerin \u015feref paylar\u0131 inkar edilemeyecek kadar a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Matematikle ilgili eserler incelendi\u011finde, birinci grup olarak Eski Yunan matematik\u00e7ilerinden Thales (M.\u00d6. 624-547), Pisagor (M.\u00d6. 569-500), Zeno (M.\u00d6. 495-435), Eudexus(M.\u00d6. 408-355), \u00d6klid (M.\u00d6. 365-300), Ar\u015fimed (M.\u00d6. 287-212), Apollonius (M.\u00d6. 260?-200?), Hipparchos (M.\u00d6. 160-125), Menaleus (do\u011fumu, M.\u00d6. 80) \u0130skenderiyeli Heron (? -M.S.80) , Batlamyos (85- 165) ve Diophantos (325-400) ile bunlar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Daha sonra, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1404,1403],"tags":[7276,7278,7277],"class_list":["post-3080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-matematik-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-bilim-tarihinde-matematik","tag-harezmi","tag-turk-islam-dunyasi-matematik-bilginleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3080"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3080\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}