PYTHAGORAS (Yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 580- M.\u00d6. 500) Eski Yunan filozofu ve matematik\u00e7isi. Hayat\u0131 : Do\u011fum yeri olan Samos (Sisam)Adas\u0131\u2019ndan M.\u00d6. 529\u2019da G\u00fcney \u0130talya\u2019ya, Kroton\u2019 a g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. G\u00fcney \u0130talya bu de-virde bir Yunan kolonisiydi ve buraya yerle\u015fenlerce Magna Graecia (B\u00fcy\u00fck Yunanistan) a-d\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131yordu. Kroton da bu y\u00f6renin zengin liman kentlerin-den biriydi. Pisagor i\u015fte burada biraz ki\u015fisel \u00e7ekicili\u011fi, biraz kendisinde var oldu\u011funu iddia etti\u011fi kehanet g\u00fcc\u00fc ve biraz da etraf\u0131nda olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131 gizemci havayla kentin zengin ve soylu delikanl\u0131lar\u0131ndan 300 kadar\u0131n\u0131 bir \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda topland\u0131 ve bir gizli \u00f6rg\u00fct, okul ya da mezhep kurdu. Pisagor, \u00f6\u011frencilerini iki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ay\u0131r\u0131yordu: Dinleyiciler ve Matematik-\u00e7iler. \u00d6rg\u00fcte dinleyicilikle ba\u015flan\u0131yor ve belirli bir deneme s\u00fcresinden son-ra ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunursa matematik\u00e7ili\u011fe ge\u00e7iliyordu. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 : Pisagor; Platon ve Aristoteles\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemlerini et-kileyen ilkeleri bi\u00e7imlendirmi\u015f, matemati\u011fin ve bat\u0131n\u0131n ussal felsefe g\u00f6r\u00fc-\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fiminde etkili olmu\u015ftur. Pisagor, sabah y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 ile ak\u015fam y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131z oldu\u011funu anlayan ilk Yunanl\u0131d\u0131r. Kendisinden sonra bu y\u0131ld\u0131z uzun s\u00fcre Afrodit ile an\u0131ld\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bunun Ven\u00fcs Gezegeni oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Pisagor, gerek dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci kitlesi gerekse \u00f6\u011fretisinin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi te-mel \u00f6\u011feler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan soylulara yatk\u0131n bir felsefeciydi. Pisagor\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fc-m\u00fcnden 10 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce, G\u00fcney \u0130talya\u2019da demokratlar\u0131n egemenlik kur-mas\u0131yla Pisagorculuk yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kovu\u015fturmaya u\u011frad\u0131. Pisagor\u2019un kendisi de Kroton\u2019dan s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Pisagorculuk da felsefecinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczy\u0131l kadar daha ya\u015fad\u0131 ve tarih sahnesinden silindi gitti. Ancak Pisagor\u2019un \u00f6\u011fretisi ve fikirleri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131za kadar felsefe d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi: Bir s\u00f6ylentiye g\u00f6re \u201cfelsefeci\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcreten de O\u2019dur… Pisagor, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman ol-duk\u00e7a sert tepkiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilimler hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin ne ka-dar\u0131n\u0131n ona ait oldu\u011fu bilinmemektedir. \u00c7arp\u0131m tablosunu, hipoten\u00fcs teoremini ortaya atm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir. Kurdu\u011fu felsefe okulu V. Yy.da Philolaos, IV. Yy.da ise Arkhytas tara-f\u0131ndan ya\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcn kazand\u0131. Pisagorculuk ad\u0131n\u0131 alan dini ve ilmi hareket i\u00e7inde, filozofu ve felsefesini ya\u015fatan \u00f6\u011frencilerinin ger\u00e7ek pay\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rt etmek g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. -Pisagorculuk ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bir tak\u0131m dini mezhepler halinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; bu mezheplerden olanlar, Yedi Bilgeler\u2019inkini and\u0131ran \u00e7ok basit, fakat kimi-ne de bug\u00fcn ne anlam verece\u011fimizi bilemedi\u011fimiz (mesela bakla yeme-mek) kurallara uyuyorlard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca ruhun bilgiyle temizlenece\u011fine ve be-denden bedene (insandan insana, insandan hayvana vb.) ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fine, yani felsefe ruh g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc teorisine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Pisagor ahlak\u0131, m\u00fcritleri ara-s\u0131nda s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak \u00f6\u011fretilir, baz\u0131 Pisagorcu filozoflar ise teorik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131 (\u00abmatematik\u00e7iler\u00bb). – Bu matematik\u00e7i filozoflar geometri, aritmetik, astronomi ve fizik alan\u0131n-da bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya giri\u015ftiler. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda \u00e7ok say\u0131da teo-rem ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131. M.\u00d6. III. Yy.da Eukleides bunlar\u0131 d\u00fczene koydu. Pisagor-cular \u00f6zellikle karede k\u00f6\u015fegen ile kenar\u0131n ortak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemezli\u011fini ispatlaya-rak, oransal say\u0131lar\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131lmaz bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ke\u015ffettiler. Say\u0131lar\u0131n ve aritmetik dizilerin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 uzun uzun inceleyerek, mesela \u00abtikel say\u0131-lar\u00bb\u0131 (yani, 6, 28, 496 gibi b\u00f6lenlerinin topl….. e\u015fit olan say\u0131lar) tan\u0131mla-maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar veya n kadar tek asal say\u0131 toplam\u0131n\u0131n n\u00b2\u2019ye e\u015fit oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdiler. Astronomi alan\u0131nda ise Philolaos\u2019un teorisine uyarak d\u00fcnya-n\u0131n, evrenin merkezi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; g\u00fcne\u015f ve di\u011fer gezegenlerle birlikte yer-y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn de merkez\u00ee bir ate\u015f etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
PYTHAGORAS (Yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 580- M.\u00d6. 500) Eski Yunan filozofu ve matematik\u00e7isi. Hayat\u0131 : Do\u011fum yeri olan Samos (Sisam)Adas\u0131\u2019ndan M.\u00d6. 529\u2019da G\u00fcney \u0130talya\u2019ya, Kroton\u2019 a g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. G\u00fcney \u0130talya bu de-virde bir Yunan kolonisiydi ve buraya yerle\u015fenlerce Magna Graecia (B\u00fcy\u00fck Yunanistan) a-d\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131yordu. Kroton da bu y\u00f6renin zengin liman kentlerin-den biriydi. Pisagor i\u015fte burada biraz ki\u015fisel …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1404,1403],"tags":[7436,2831,7435],"class_list":["post-3197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-matematik-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-afrodit","tag-astronomi","tag-pisagor-ve-oklid-teorimi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3197"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3197\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}