DOLA\u015eIM VE TA\u015eIMA <\/p>\n
1-H\u00fccre ve tek h\u00fccreli canl\u0131larda ta\u015f\u0131ma
\nEndoplazmik retikulum
\nSitoplazmik hareketler
\nDif\u00fczyon ve osmoz olaylar\u0131
\nRotasyon-sirk\u00fclasyon hareketleri
\nMikrot\u00fcb\u00fcl ve mikroflamentler
\nNot:Mikrot\u00fcb\u00fcl ve mikroflamentler h\u00fccrede organel (Mitokondri,sald\u0131 kofullar\u0131 vb) ve b\u00fcy\u00fck molek\u00fcllerin (DNA vb) ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda rol al\u0131rlar<\/p>\n
2-Bitkilerde ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemleri:
\nA-Su ve karayosunlar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131ma:
\nMadde al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyle yap\u0131l\u0131r
\n\u00d6zelle\u015fmi\u015f ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemleri bulunmaz
\nSu ve nemli ortamlarda ya\u015farlar
\nV\u00fccud olduk\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr
\nB-E\u011freltiler ve tohumlu (\u00c7i\u00e7ekli) bitkiler
\nKarasal ya\u015fama uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r
\nMadde al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi belirli v\u00fccud b\u00f6lgeleri ile yap\u0131l\u0131r
\n\u00d6zelle\u015fmi\u015f ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemleri bulunur
\nV\u00fccud olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr
\nBitkilerde madde ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda rol alan fakt\u00f6rler
\nHormonlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131,Soymuk borular\u0131nda besin ve azotlu bile\u015fiklerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131,Gazlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131,suyun yanal ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131: Dif\u00fczyon, Aktif ta\u015f\u0131ma (Yava\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir)
\nOdun borular\u0131nda su ve suda erimi\u015f maddelerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131:K\u00f6k bas\u0131nc\u0131, Terleme,K\u0131lcall\u0131k, Kohezyon ve Aldezyon g\u00fcc\u00fc (H\u0131zl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir)<\/p>\n
3-Hayvanlarda dola\u015f\u0131m sistemleri:
\nA-Dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi olmayan S\u00fcngerler,s\u00f6lentereler ve planarialarda
\n\u00d6zelle\u015fmi\u015f dola\u015f\u0131m sistemleri bulunmaz
\nBu organizmalarda v\u00fccud k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve basit yap\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.
\nV\u00fccutlar\u0131nda ortam s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kanallar ve bo\u015fluklar bulunur.
\nBu kanal ve bo\u015fluklarda ortam suyunun dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 silli h\u00fccreler ve kaslarla sa\u011flan\u0131r
\nV\u00fccudta dola\u015fan ortam suyu dola\u015f\u0131m s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 gibi h\u00fccrelerin solunum,beslenme,bo\u015falt\u0131m gibi ya\u015famsal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev al\u0131r
\nB-Dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi ta\u015f\u0131yanlar
\nHayvanlarda dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.
\n1-A\u00e7\u0131k dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n temel \u00f6zellikleri:
\nOmurgas\u0131zlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr (Yumu\u015fak\u00e7alar,eklem bacakl\u0131lar,derisi dikenliler)
\nDola\u015f\u0131m olduk\u00e7a yava\u015ft\u0131r
\nTrake solunumu hari\u00e7 di\u011fer solunum sistemlerine sahip canl\u0131larda ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 pigment i\u00e7erir
\nKalp ve k\u0131sa atar damar bulunur. Baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ilave olarak toplar damarda bulunur
\nK\u0131lcal kan damarlar\u0131 bulunmaz
\nDola\u015f\u0131m s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 bir s\u00fcre kalp damar sistemi i\u00e7inde hareket ettikten sonra sistem d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak h\u00fccreler aras\u0131 bo\u015fluklarda dola\u015f\u0131r
\nMadde al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi h\u00fccrelerle h\u00fccreler aras\u0131 dola\u015fan s\u0131v\u0131 ile olur
\nMadde ve enerji ihtiyac\u0131 az olan canl\u0131lara \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr
\n2-Kapal\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n temel \u00f6zellikleri:
\nBaz\u0131 omurgas\u0131z (\u00d6rn: Toprak solucan\u0131) ve t\u00fcm omurgal\u0131larda bulunur
\nKalp,atar ve toplar damar ile k\u0131lcal kan damarlar\u0131 bulunur
\nH\u00fccrelerle dola\u015f\u0131m s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131nda madde al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi k\u0131lcal kan damarlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir
\nDola\u015f\u0131m olduk\u00e7a h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r
\nDola\u015f\u0131m s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 kalp damar sistemi d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaz
\nTa\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 pigment i\u00e7erir
\nOmurgas\u0131zlarda dola\u015f\u0131m sistemleri
\nA-S\u00fcngerlerde:\u00d6zelle\u015fmi\u015f dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi bulunmaz.Porlar ve kanallar i\u00e7erisinde silli h\u00fccrelerin sil hareketi ile dola\u015fan ortam suyu dola\u015f\u0131m sisteminin g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenir.
\nB-Hidralarda: \u00d6zelle\u015fmi\u015f dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi bulunmaz.Sindirim bo\u015flu\u011fu ayn\u0131 zamanda dola\u015f\u0131m sisteminin g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenir.
\nC-Planaria da: \u00d6zelle\u015fmi\u015f dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi bulunmaz.Sindirim bo\u015flu\u011fu ayn\u0131 zamanda dola\u015f\u0131m sisteminin g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenir.
\nE-Toprak solucanlar\u0131nda:Kapal\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.7 ile 11 segmentlerde ki halkasal damarlar kas\u0131l\u0131p gev\u015feme hareketleri ile kalp \u00f6devi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.S\u0131rtta arkadan \u00f6ne ,kar\u0131nda ise \u00f6nden arkaya kan ta\u015f\u0131yan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck damar ve bunlara ba\u011fl\u0131 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck damarlar ile k\u0131lcallardan olu\u015fmu\u015f bir sistemdir.Ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 pigment bulundurur ve gaz ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda rol al\u0131r.
\nF-Yumu\u015fak\u00e7alarda:A\u00e7\u0131k dola\u015f\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.5-7 odac\u0131kl\u0131 kalp ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131sa atar ve toplar damarlardan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 pigmentler bulunur ve gaz ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131ndada rol al\u0131r.
\nG-B\u00f6ceklerde: A\u00e7\u0131k dola\u015f\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.5 odac\u0131kl\u0131 bir kalp ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 atar damardan meydana gelmi\u015ftir.Ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 gaz ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda rol almaz.<\/p>\n
Omurgal\u0131larda dola\u015f\u0131m sistemleri
\nA-Bal\u0131klarda:
\nKalp iki odac\u0131ktan olu\u015fur(Bir kulak\u00e7\u0131k ve bir kar\u0131nc\u0131k)
\nKalpte kirli kan dola\u015f\u0131r
\nKalpten \u00e7\u0131kan kan direkt solunga\u00e7lara gider
\nV\u00fccud ta temiz kan dola\u015f\u0131r
\nDe\u011fi\u015fken v\u00fccud \u0131s\u0131l\u0131 canl\u0131lard\u0131r
\nTek dola\u015f\u0131m vard\u0131r
\nB-Kurba\u011falarda:
\nKalpleri \u00fc\u00e7 odac\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r (\u0130ki kulak\u00e7\u0131k ve bir kar\u0131nc\u0131k)
\nSa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011fa v\u00fccud tan kirli kan gelir
\nSol kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011fa akci\u011ferlerden temiz kan gelir
\nKar\u0131nc\u0131kta temiz ve kirli kan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r
\nKalpten v\u00fccuda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kan pompalan\u0131r
\nDola\u015f\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dola\u015f\u0131m diye ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.Ancak ayr\u0131lma tam de\u011fildir.
\nDe\u011fi\u015fken v\u00fccud \u0131s\u0131l\u0131 canl\u0131lard\u0131r
\nC-S\u00fcr\u00fcngenlerde:
\nKalpleri \u00fc\u00e7-d\u00f6rt odac\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r
\nSa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011fa v\u00fccud tan kirli kan gelir
\nSol kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011fa akci\u011ferlerden temiz kan gelir
\n\u00dc\u00e7 odac\u0131kl\u0131 kalplerde kar\u0131nc\u0131kta temiz ve kirli kan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r
\nD\u00f6rt odac\u0131kl\u0131 kalplerde sa\u011f kar\u0131nc\u0131kta kirli sol kar\u0131nc\u0131kta temiz kan bulunur
\n\u00dc\u00e7 odac\u0131kl\u0131 kalpten v\u00fccuda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kan pompalan\u0131r
\nD\u00f6rt odac\u0131kl\u0131 kalplerde kalpte kar\u0131\u015fmayan kirli ve temiz kan kalpten \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra akci\u011fer atar damar\u0131 ile ana atar damar aras\u0131nda bulunan panizza kanal\u0131 ile kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r
\nDola\u015f\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dola\u015f\u0131m diye ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.Ancak ayr\u0131lma tam de\u011fildir.
\nDe\u011fi\u015fken v\u00fccud \u0131s\u0131l\u0131 canl\u0131lard\u0131r
\nD-Ku\u015flarda:
\nKalp d\u00f6rt odac\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r(\u0130ki kulak\u00e7\u0131k ve iki kar\u0131nc\u0131k )
\nKalbin sa\u011f k\u0131sm\u0131nda kirli kan sol k\u0131sm\u0131nda temiz kan bulunur
\nKalpte temiz ve kirli kan kar\u0131\u015fmaz
\n Dola\u015f\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dola\u015f\u0131m diye ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r
\nDe\u011fi\u015fmez v\u00fccud \u0131s\u0131l\u0131 canl\u0131lard\u0131r
\nE-Memelilerde:
\nKalp d\u00f6rt odac\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r(\u0130ki kulak\u00e7\u0131k ve iki kar\u0131nc\u0131k )
\nKalbin sa\u011f k\u0131sm\u0131nda kirli kan sol k\u0131sm\u0131nda temiz kan bulunur
\nKalpte temiz ve kirli kan kar\u0131\u015fmaz
\nDola\u015f\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dola\u015f\u0131m diye ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r
\nDe\u011fi\u015fmez v\u00fccud \u0131s\u0131l\u0131 canl\u0131lard\u0131r<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanda dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi
\nA-Kalbin yap\u0131s\u0131:
\n1-Perikard:
\nBa\u011f dokudan olu\u015fmu\u015f \u00e7ift katl\u0131 zard\u0131r
\n\u0130ki zar aras\u0131nda perikard s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 bulunur
\nDevaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kalbin di\u011fer organ ve yap\u0131lara s\u00fcrt\u00fcn\u00fcp zarar g\u00f6rmesini \u00f6nler
\n2-Miyokard:
\nKalbe \u00f6zg\u00fc kas dokudan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.(Ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir organda bulunmaz)
\nKalbin esas yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur
\nKalbin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan esas dokudur
\nKar\u0131nc\u0131klarda daha kal\u0131nd\u0131r.Sol kar\u0131nc\u0131kta daha kal\u0131nd\u0131r
\nBeslenmeleri aorttan ayr\u0131lan kroner damarlarla sa\u011flan\u0131r
\n3-Endokard:
\nTek katl\u0131 yass\u0131 epitelden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur
\nKan\u0131n hareketini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r
\nBeslenmelerini direkt kandan sa\u011flarlar
\n4-Kapac\u0131klar:
\nBa\u011f dokudan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur
\nKan\u0131n tek y\u00f6nde hareketini sa\u011flarlar
\nKalbin Sa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile sa\u011f kar\u0131nc\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc,sol kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile sol kar\u0131nc\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda ikili kapak\u00e7\u0131k bulunur.
\nAyr\u0131ca kalbin odalar\u0131 ile damarlar aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yar\u0131m ay kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 bulunur<\/p>\n
B-Kalbin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131
\nKalbin enerji kayna\u011f\u0131:glikoz,laktat ve ya\u011f asitleridir.
\nKas\u0131lmas\u0131na sistol,gev\u015femesine ise diastol denir
\nMiyokard (Kas dokusu )Taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir
\nEmbriyonal evreden \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr
\n\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile ilgili uyaran kendisi taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulur
\nOtonom sistem taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 kontrol edilir
\nKalbin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015f kas fibrillerinden olu\u015fmu\u015f sinoatrial (S.A.)ve Antrioventrik\u00fcler (A.V.)d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan ve Antrioventrik\u00fcler d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme ba\u011fl\u0131 his demetleri taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanan uyar\u0131larla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir
\nI-Kalbin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran etkenler:
\nSempatik sistem
\nKanda CO2 (Asidik etken) fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nAdrenalin
\nV\u00fccud \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi
\nTiroksin
\nKafein vb. kimyasallar ve baz\u0131 ila\u00e7lar
\nII-Kalbin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltan etkenler:
\nparasempatik sistem
\nAsetil kolin
\nBazlar
\nNot:Kalbin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda rol alan vagus (Yava\u015flat\u0131c\u0131) siniri kesilince kalp at\u0131\u015flar\u0131 h\u0131zlan\u0131r. H\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 sinirler kesilince kalp at\u0131\u015flar\u0131 yava\u015flar. Her ikiside kesilirse kalp monoton bir h\u0131zla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.
\nC-Kalbe ba\u011fl\u0131 damarlar\u0131:
\n Kalbe kan toplar damarlarla kulak\u00e7\u0131klardan girer,atar damarlarla kar\u0131nc\u0131klardan \u00e7\u0131kar.
\n a-Sa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131k:\u00dcst ve alt ana toplar damarlar ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.V\u00fccuttan kirli kan ta\u015f\u0131rlar.
\n b-Sol kulak\u00e7\u0131k:Akci\u011fer toplar damarlar\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Akci\u011ferlerden temizlenmi\u015f kan ta\u015f\u0131rlar
\n c-Sa\u011f kar\u0131nc\u0131k:Akci\u011fer atar damar\u0131.Akci\u011ferlere kirlenmi\u015f kan ta\u015f\u0131rlar.
\n d-Sol kar\u0131nc\u0131k:Ana atar damar(Aort) V\u00fccuda temiz kan ta\u015f\u0131rlar<\/p>\n
D-Kan damarlar\u0131:
\na-Atar damar ve \u00f6zellikleri:
\nD\u0131\u015f,orta ve i\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 tabakadan olu\u015fur
\nD\u0131\u015f g\u00f6mlekte temel yap\u0131 fibr\u00f6z ba\u011f dokusudur
\nD\u0131\u015f g\u00f6mlek kan bas\u0131nc\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flam ve esnek yap\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flar
\nOrta g\u00f6mlek temel yap\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fcz kas dokusu olup elastik lifler ta\u015f\u0131r
\nOrta g\u00f6mlek kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 kan hacmine ve ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlayarak tansiyonun korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar
\nOrganlara gidecek kan miktar\u0131n\u0131 ayarlar
\n\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6mlek yass\u0131 epitel dokudan olu\u015fmu\u015f olup yap\u0131da elastik lifler ta\u015f\u0131r
\n\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6mlek kaygan bir y\u00fczeyin olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flayarak damar i\u00e7inde kan\u0131n hareketini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r
\nYap\u0131da kapak\u00e7\u0131klar bulunmaz
\nDuvar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fazlad\u0131r
\nb-Toplar damar ve \u00f6zellikleri
\nD\u0131\u015f,orta ve i\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 tabakadan olu\u015fur
\nD\u0131\u015f g\u00f6mlekte temel yap\u0131 fibr\u00f6z ba\u011f dokusudur
\nD\u0131\u015f g\u00f6mlekte esnek liflerin oran\u0131 azd\u0131r
\nOrta g\u00f6mlek temel yap\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fcz kas dokusu kas oran\u0131 azd\u0131r ve elastik lifler ta\u015f\u0131maz
\nOrta g\u00f6mle\u011fin esnekli\u011finden dolay\u0131 daha fazla esneme ve kan depolama \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r
\n\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6mlek sadece yass\u0131 epitel dokudan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur
\n\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6mlek kaygan bir y\u00fczeyin olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flayarak damar i\u00e7inde kan\u0131n hareketini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r
\nKalp seviyesinin alt\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck damarlarda kalbe do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131lan kapak\u00e7\u0131klar vard\u0131r
\nDuvar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azd\u0131r
\n\u00c7ap b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr
\nc-K\u0131lcal damar ve \u00f6zellikleri
\nSadece i\u00e7 g\u00f6mlek bulunur
\nYap\u0131s\u0131 tek katl\u0131 yass\u0131 epitelden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur
\nNotamar \u00e7aplar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe do\u011fru:
\nToplar damar > Atar damar > K\u0131lcal damar
\nNot kan\u0131n akma h\u0131z\u0131: \u00c7oktan aza do\u011fru
\nAtar damar > Toplar damar > K\u0131lcal damar
\nd-Atar damarda kan\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan fakt\u00f6rler
\nKar\u0131nc\u0131klar\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan bas\u0131n\u00e7
\nAtar damar\u0131n esnek yap\u0131s\u0131
\ne-Toplar damarlarda kan\u0131n hareketini sa\u011flayan fakt\u00f6rler
\nKalbe do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131lan kapak\u00e7\u0131klar
\nSoluk al\u0131p verme esnas\u0131nda g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs bo\u015flu\u011funda olu\u015fan negatif bas\u0131n\u00e7
\nKalbin \u00fcst seviyesindeki kan\u0131n yer \u00e7ekim etkisi ile kalbe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc
\n\u0130skelet kaslar\u0131n\u0131n kas\u0131l\u0131p gev\u015femesi
\nKulak\u00e7\u0131klarda olu\u015fan emme kuvveti
\nNot:Toplar damarlarda kan\u0131n hareketinin yava\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00e7ok esnek yap\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r.
\nf-K\u0131lcal damarlarda kan\u0131n hareketini etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler
\nKalbin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bas\u0131n\u00e7 etkisi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir
\nNot:K\u0131lcal damarlar kornea ve mercekte bulunmaz.Ya\u011f dokuda \u00e7ok az bulunur.Beyin,karaci\u011fer kaslarda ise \u00e7ok fazla k\u0131lcalla\u015fma g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr<\/p>\n
D-Starling hipotezi:
\n K\u0131lcal damarlarda kan ile doku s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki madde al\u0131\u015f veri\u015finin kan\u0131n hidrostatik bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile kan proteinlerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu osmotik bas\u0131nc\u0131n etkisi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayan hipotezdir
\n K\u0131lcal damar\u0131n atar damar b\u00f6lgesinde maddelerin damar d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olan hidrostatik bas\u0131nc\u0131n de\u011feri 40 mm\/ hg dir.
\n Ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede maddelerin damar i\u00e7ine emilimine neden olan kan\u0131n osmotik bas\u0131nc\u0131 25 mm\/hg dir.Aradaki 15 mm\/hg lik g\u00fc\u00e7le maddeler k\u0131lcallar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na doku s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7erler.Bu maddeler;
\n 1-Su 2-Mineraller 3-Vitaminler 4-glikoz 5-Amino asit 6-ya\u011f asitleri 7-Akyuvarlar 8-Hormonlar 9-Metabolik art\u0131klar 10-Proteinler 11-O2 veya CO\u2019 dir.
\n Kana ait baz\u0131 proteinler ve alyuvarlar k\u0131lcallar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamazlar.
\n K\u0131lcal damar\u0131n toplar damar b\u00f6lgesine do\u011fru kan\u0131n hidrostatik bas\u0131nc\u0131 gittik\u00e7e azal\u0131r.Bunun nedeni kan\u0131n hacimsel azalmas\u0131 ve k\u0131lcal \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n gittik\u00e7e artmas\u0131d\u0131r.Bu b\u00f6lgede hidrostatik bas\u0131n\u00e7 15 mm\/hg ye d\u00fc\u015fer ancak kan\u0131n osmotik bas\u0131nc\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmez ve 25 mm\/hg olarak kal\u0131r.Bu b\u00f6lgede ise 10 mm\/hg lik kan\u0131n osmotik bas\u0131n\u00e7 g\u00fcc\u00fc ile doku s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan maddeler kana geri emilir.
\nKana geri emilen maddeler;
\n 1- Su 2-CO2 veya O2 3-Mineraller 4-organik besinler 5-Metabolik art\u0131klar 6-Hormonlar vb.
\n Ancak kan\u0131 terk eden akyuvarlar baz\u0131 proteinle ve suyun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 k\u0131lcal b\u00f6lgeden geri emilmez. Bu maddeler lenf sistemi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile tekrar dola\u015f\u0131ma geri d\u00f6nerler.
\nKan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131
\n E-K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131
\nKalp ile akci\u011ferler aras\u0131nda olur
\nAkci\u011fer atar damar\u0131 ile akci\u011fer toplar damar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olur
\nSa\u011f kar\u0131nc\u0131k ile sol kulak\u00e7\u0131k aras\u0131nda olur
\n Kalpten \u00e7\u0131kan kan kirli kalbe d\u00f6nen kan temizdir
\nAma\u00e7 kan\u0131n O2 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zenginle\u015fmesidir
\nF-B\u00fcy\u00fck kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131
\nKalp ile akci\u011fer hari\u00e7 di\u011fer organlar aras\u0131nda olur
\nAort ile ana atar damarlar aras\u0131nda olur
\nSol kar\u0131nc\u0131k ile sa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131k aras\u0131nda olur
\nKalpten \u00e7\u0131kan kan temiz kalbe d\u00f6nen kan kirlidir
\nTemel ama\u00e7 di\u011fer sistem ve organlar\u0131n beslenme,solunum,bo\u015falt\u0131m vb. ya\u015famsal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G-Lenf sistemi:
\nLenf sistemi elemanlar\u0131:
\nLenf k\u0131lcallar\u0131
\nLenf toplar damarlar\u0131
\nLenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri
\nLenf s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131
\n(Bal\u0131k ve kurba\u011falarda lenf kalpleri)
\nLenf K\u0131lcallar\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri
\nKan damar\u0131 k\u0131lcallar\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde kapal\u0131 u\u00e7la ba\u015flar
\nTek s\u0131ral\u0131 yass\u0131 epitelden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur
\nGe\u00e7irgenlikleri fazlad\u0131r
\nKan damar\u0131 k\u0131lcallar\u0131ndan s\u0131zan proteinlerin,amino asitlerin ve s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n fazlas\u0131 ile bu b\u00f6lgede kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131 terk eden akyuvarlar\u0131n tekrar dola\u015f\u0131ma geri d\u00f6nmesini sa\u011flar
\n\u0130nce barsaklardaki lenf k\u0131lcallar\u0131; sindirim sonucu emilen ya\u011flar\u0131n dola\u015f\u0131ma kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar
\nYap\u0131s\u0131nda tek y\u00f6nde a\u00e7\u0131lan kapak\u00e7\u0131klar vard\u0131r
\nLenf toplar damarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri
\nLenf k\u0131lcallar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fmesi sonucu olu\u015furlar
\nK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck lenf toplar damarlar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fmesi ile olu\u015fan sa\u011fda ve solda olmak \u00fczere iki b\u00fcy\u00fck lenf toplar damar\u0131 vard\u0131r
\nDoku b\u00f6lgelerinden toplanan lenf s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n dola\u015f\u0131ma kat\u0131lmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev al\u0131rlar
\nSa\u011fdan toplanan lenf s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 sa\u011f ana lenf toplar damar\u0131 ile sa\u011f k\u00f6pr\u00fcc\u00fck alt\u0131 toplar damar\u0131na bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131r
\nSoldan toplanan lenf s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 ve sindirim sonucu emilen ya\u011flar lenf toplar damarlar\u0131 ile parke sarn\u0131c\u0131na buradanda sol ana lenf toplar damar\u0131 ile sol k\u00f6pr\u00fcc\u00fck alt\u0131 toplar damar\u0131na bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131r
\nLenf damarlar\u0131nda tek y\u00f6nde a\u00e7\u0131lan kapak\u00e7\u0131klar vard\u0131r
\nLenfin hareketi olduk\u00e7a yava\u015ft\u0131r
\nLenf toplar damarlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan kas dokusu lenf damarlar\u0131n\u0131n kas\u0131l\u0131p gev\u015femelerini sa\u011flayarak lenfin hareketini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r
\nLenf damarlar\u0131ndaki lenf s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hareketine k\u0131lcal b\u00f6lgede bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131,\u00e7izgili kas hareketi,kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131n hareketi,organlar\u0131n hareketi gibi di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rlerde etkilidir
\nLenf s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri
\nK\u0131lcal damarlardan s\u0131zan ve geri emilemeyen kan h\u00fccreleri , kan proteinleri, su ve suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f besinler,ince ba\u011f\u0131rsaklardan emilen ya\u011flar bulunur
\nRenksiz bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r
\nYap\u0131s\u0131nda sadece akyuvarlar bulunur
\nV\u00fccuda giren mikroplar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve kanserli h\u00fccrelerin metastaz (Yay\u0131lmas\u0131) yapmas\u0131nda rol oynar
\nLenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri
\nKas\u0131klarda ,koltuk altlar\u0131nda ve boyun b\u00f6lgelerinde bulunur
\nlenf damarlar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fti\u011fi yerlerdir
\nLenf s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 lenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinden ge\u00e7erken kendisi ile ta\u015f\u0131nan mikroplar d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerdeki akyuvarlar taraf\u0131ndan fagositozla etkisiz hale getirilir
\nV\u00fccudun savunma organlar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yaparlar
\nEnfeksiyonlarda k\u0131zararak \u015fi\u015ferler
\nEnfeksiyonlu hallerde olu\u015furlar (Say\u0131sal olarak artarlar)
\nLenf sisteminin g\u00f6revleri
\nK\u0131lcal b\u00f6lgelerden kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131 terk eden maddelerin tekrar dola\u015f\u0131ma geri d\u00f6nmesini sa\u011flarlar
\n\u0130nce barsaklardan emilen ya\u011f asitleri ve gliserol \u00fcn dola\u015f\u0131ma kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar
\nV\u00fccudun savunulmas\u0131nda rol al\u0131r
\nLenfositlerin olu\u015fumu ve olgunla\u015fmas\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
DOLA\u015eIM VE TA\u015eIMA 1-H\u00fccre ve tek h\u00fccreli canl\u0131larda ta\u015f\u0131ma Endoplazmik retikulum Sitoplazmik hareketler Dif\u00fczyon ve osmoz olaylar\u0131 Rotasyon-sirk\u00fclasyon hareketleri Mikrot\u00fcb\u00fcl ve mikroflamentler Not:Mikrot\u00fcb\u00fcl ve mikroflamentler h\u00fccrede organel (Mitokondri,sald\u0131 kofullar\u0131 vb) ve b\u00fcy\u00fck molek\u00fcllerin (DNA vb) ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda rol al\u0131rlar 2-Bitkilerde ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemleri: A-Su ve karayosunlar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131ma: Madde al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyle yap\u0131l\u0131r \u00d6zelle\u015fmi\u015f ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemleri bulunmaz …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[7657,7660,7661,4541,7655,3444,7654,5656,7656,7658,7663,7665,7664,7659,3445,7662],"class_list":["post-3337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-acik-dolasimin-temel-ozellikleri","tag-asetil-kolin","tag-atar-damar-ve-ozellikleri","tag-bazlar","tag-bitkilerde-tasima-sistemleri","tag-difuzyon","tag-dolasim-sistemi-ve-tasima","tag-endoplazmik-retikulum","tag-hayvanlarda-dolasim-sistemleri","tag-kapali-dolasimin-temel-ozellikleri","tag-kucuk-kan-dolasimi","tag-lenf-dugumleri","tag-lenf-sistemi","tag-omurgalilarda-dolasim-sistemleri","tag-osmoz","tag-starling-hipotezi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3337","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3337"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3337\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}