{"id":3339,"date":"2011-10-22T16:54:07","date_gmt":"2011-10-22T13:54:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/\/?p=3339"},"modified":"2011-10-22T16:54:07","modified_gmt":"2011-10-22T13:54:07","slug":"solunum-sistemleri-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/solunum-sistemleri-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Solunum sistemleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>SOLUNUM S\u0130STEMLER\u0130 <\/p>\n<p> H\u00fccrelerde enerji (ATP) elde etmek i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen biyokimyasal reaksiyonlara<br \/>\n solunum reaksiyonlar\u0131 (H\u00fccre solunumu) denir.Organik maddelerin y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 \u015feklinde<br \/>\n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu reaksiyonlarda son elektron al\u0131cs\u0131na g\u00f6reO2 li veya O2 siz solunum<br \/>\n denir.. O2 li solunum yapan canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ortamdan (Tatl\u0131 ve tuzlu su,Dokun<br \/>\n s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 ve karasal ortam) O2 almak ve ortama CO2 vermek zorundad\u0131rlar.Canl\u0131lar evrimsel<br \/>\n geli\u015fimleri ve ya\u015fam ortamlar\u0131na uygun olarak \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015f solunum y\u00fczeyleri ta\u015f\u0131yan<br \/>\n sistem ve yap\u0131lar bulundururlar.<br \/>\n Not:O2 siz solunum yapan canl\u0131larda sadece d\u0131\u015f ortama CO2 verili\u015fi vard\u0131r.<br \/>\n Basit v\u00fccut yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip canl\u0131larda Y\u00fczeyle al\u0131nan O2 b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u00fccut h\u00fccrelerine<br \/>\n dif\u00fczyonla ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar.CO2 ayn\u0131 yolla v\u00fccut y\u00fczeyinden d\u0131\u015f ortama verilir. Geli\u015fkin<br \/>\n olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen trake solunumu yapan b\u00f6ceklerde de sistem arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile h\u00fccreler<br \/>\n do\u011frudan d\u0131\u015f ortamla gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi yaparlar<br \/>\n Kompleks organizmalarda solunum y\u00fczeyi V\u00fccut h\u00fccreleri aras\u0131nda gazlar\u0131n<br \/>\n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131nda dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi rol al\u0131r. Solunum y\u00fczeyi ile dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi aras\u0131ndaki<br \/>\n gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fine d\u0131\u015f solunum. Dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi ile v\u00fccut h\u00fccreleri aras\u0131ndaki gaz al\u0131\u015f<br \/>\n veri\u015fine i\u00e7 solunum denir.<br \/>\nSu ortam\u0131nda solunum<br \/>\nSuda O2 oran\u0131 azd\u0131r<br \/>\nSolunum y\u00fczeyi v\u00fccudun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r<br \/>\nDeri ve solunga\u00e7larla gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi yap\u0131l\u0131r<br \/>\nSolunum y\u00fczeyinin karasal ortamda oldu\u011fu gibi fiziksek ve kimyasal olumsuzluklardan<br \/>\netkilenmesi s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir<br \/>\nSu ortam\u0131nda canl\u0131 yeterli O2 alabilmek i\u00e7in devaml\u0131 hareket etmeli veya \u00e7evresindeki<br \/>\nsuyu hareket ettirmelidir<br \/>\nKarasal ortamda solunum<br \/>\nO2 oran\u0131 fazlad\u0131r<br \/>\nSolunum y\u00fczeyleri v\u00fccut i\u00e7ine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Deri solunumunda hari\u00e7)<br \/>\nSolunum y\u00fczeyinden nem kay\u0131b\u0131 ve kuruma tehlikesi vard\u0131r<br \/>\nSolunum yap\u0131lar\u0131 mukus \u00fcreten bezlerle desteklenmi\u015ftir<br \/>\nFiziksel ve kimyasal olumsuzluklara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zel yard\u0131mc\u0131 yap\u0131lar geli\u015fmi\u015ftir<br \/>\nDeri,Trake ve akci\u011ferlerle gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi yap\u0131l\u0131r<br \/>\nAtmosferde yeterince O2 nin olmas\u0131 CO2 nin h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131lmas\u0131 canl\u0131lar\u0131n solunumunu<br \/>\nkolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<br \/>\nKarasal ortamda solunuma destek yap\u0131lar:<br \/>\nBurun<br \/>\nYutak<br \/>\nSoluk borusu ve bron\u015flar<br \/>\nDiyafram<br \/>\nKaburgalar ve kaburgalar aras\u0131 kaslard\u0131r<br \/>\nSalg\u0131 bezleri (Mukus)<br \/>\nTek h\u00fccrelilerde solunum<br \/>\n Bulunulan s\u0131v\u0131 ortamdan gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fleri b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00fczeyle olur.<br \/>\n Bitkilerde solunum<br \/>\n Su bitkilerinde koruyucu dokuda \u00e7eper kal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 , kutik\u00fcla salg\u0131s\u0131 ve mantarla\u015fma<br \/>\n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in stoma ve lentisel gibi madde al\u0131\u015f veri\u015finin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lar bulunmaz.<br \/>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00fczey d\u0131\u015f ortamla gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.<br \/>\n Karasal ya\u015fama uyumlu bitkilerde ise \u00e7eper kal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ,kutik\u00fcla birikimi ve<br \/>\n mantarla\u015fma vard\u0131r.Toprak \u00fcst\u00fc gen\u00e7 yap\u0131larda stomalar, ya\u015fl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7s\u0131 yap\u0131larda<br \/>\n lentiseller ve k\u00f6klerde emici t\u00fcyler gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren yap\u0131lard\u0131r.<br \/>\n Not:Stomalardan CO2 al\u0131n\u0131p O2 verilirken,lentisel ve emici t\u00fcylerden O2 al\u0131n\u0131p CO2 verilir<\/p>\n<p>Hayvanlarda solunum<br \/>\nA)Deri solunumu<br \/>\n \u00d6rn:S\u00fcngerler, hidralar,, solucanlar<br \/>\n\u00c7o\u011funlukla su ortam\u0131nda ya\u015farlar. Karada ya\u015fayanlarda vard\u0131r<br \/>\nSolunum y\u00fczeyi olarak derilerini ve v\u00fccut y\u00fczeylerini kullan\u0131rlar.<br \/>\nKapal\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131ma sahip toprak solucanlar\u0131nda i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f solunum g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr<br \/>\n\u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f solunum g\u00f6r\u00fclenlerin dola\u015f\u0131m s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 pigmentler bulunur<br \/>\n B)Trake solunumu<br \/>\n \u00d6rn:Sinek,ar\u0131,\u00e7ekirge vb.<br \/>\nKarasal ya\u015fama uyumlu canl\u0131lard\u0131r atmosferdeki molek\u00fcler O2 kullan\u0131rlar<br \/>\nDola\u015f\u0131m s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 gaz ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda rol almazlar<br \/>\nDola\u015f\u0131m s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 pigment bulunmaz<br \/>\n\u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f solunum g\u00f6r\u00fclmez<br \/>\nSistem b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u00fccud h\u00fccrelerinin d\u0131\u015f ortamla do\u011frudan gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fini sa\u011flar<br \/>\nDokulara gaz ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 en h\u0131zl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren sistemdir<br \/>\nC) Solunga\u00e7 solunumu<br \/>\n Suda ya\u015fayan omurgas\u0131zlarda,bal\u0131klarda ve kurba\u011fa larvalar\u0131nda bulunur.<br \/>\nSuda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f O2 ni almaya \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015ftir<br \/>\nV\u00fccud d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunur<br \/>\nT\u00fcys\u00fc,dals\u0131 ve yapraks\u0131 y\u00fczey art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekillerde bulunur<br \/>\nHer hangi bir koruyucu ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 olu\u015fum bulunmaz.<br \/>\n D)Akci\u011fer solunumu<br \/>\n Karasal ya\u015fama uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f omurgal\u0131larda bulunur.<br \/>\n \u00d6rn: Kurba\u011fa erginleri,S\u00fcr\u00fcngenler,Ku\u015flar ve Memelilerde<br \/>\nAtmosferdeki molek\u00fcler O2 ni almaya \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015ftir<br \/>\nKarasal ya\u015fam\u0131n olumsuz etkenlerinden (Fiziksel,kimyasal ve biyolojik) korunmak i\u00e7in<br \/>\nv\u00fccud i\u00e7ine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<br \/>\n\u00d6zel koruyucu ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 yap\u0131larla desteklenmi\u015ftir<br \/>\nSolunga\u00e7larda oldu\u011fu gibi yuta\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak geli\u015fir<br \/>\nKurba\u011falarda basit odalara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kese \u015feklindedir<br \/>\nS\u00fcr\u00fcngenlerde b\u00f6lmelere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczey alan\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<br \/>\nKu\u015flarda akci\u011fer hava k\u0131lcal kanallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda bolca k\u0131lcal kan damarlar\u0131<br \/>\nbulunur.Ayr\u0131ca akci\u011fere ba\u011fl\u0131 hava keseleri (5 \u00e7ift) bulunur.<br \/>\nMemeli akci\u011ferleri Alveoler odalardan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.Y\u00fczey alan\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015ftir.<br \/>\nKu\u015flarda akci\u011ferlere ba\u011fl\u0131 hava keseleri ile gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi yap\u0131lmaz<br \/>\n Notlar<br \/>\n A-Akci\u011ferli bal\u0131klar<br \/>\nNehir sular\u0131nda ya\u015far<br \/>\nSolunga\u00e7lar vard\u0131r ve suda solunga\u00e7 solunumu yapar.<br \/>\nYuta\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 hava keseleri bulunur<br \/>\nHava keseleri atmosfer havas\u0131n\u0131 serbest oksijenini kana ba\u011flar<br \/>\nBal\u0131k her iki sistemi birlikte kullanabilir<br \/>\nNehir suyu kurudu\u011funda sadece hava keselerini kullanarak akci\u011fer solunumu yapar.<br \/>\nB-Kurba\u011falarda akci\u011fer solunumunun yan\u0131nda ,deri ve yutakta solunuma yard\u0131mc\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n C-Ak\u00e7i\u011fer sistemine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak al\u0131nan havan\u0131n oksijeninden en y\u00fcksek oranda<br \/>\n faydalanmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan sistem ku\u015f akci\u011fer sistemidir<br \/>\n \u0130nsanda solunum yap\u0131lar\u0131<br \/>\n1- Burun<br \/>\n Temel \u00f6zellikleri ve g\u00f6revleri:<br \/>\nAl\u0131nan solunum havas\u0131n\u0131n temizlenmesini sa\u011flar<br \/>\nAl\u0131nan solunum havas\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ayarlar<br \/>\nAl\u0131nan solunum havas\u0131n\u0131n nemini ayarlar<br \/>\nAl\u0131nan solunum havas\u0131n\u0131n kimyasal olarak tan\u0131mlar<br \/>\n2-Yutak<br \/>\n Temel \u00f6zellikleri ve g\u00f6revleri:<br \/>\nA\u011f\u0131zdan al\u0131nan besinlerin yemek borusuna gitmesi<br \/>\nBurunla al\u0131nan solunum havas\u0131n\u0131n soluk borusuna gitmesi<br \/>\nBesin ve solunum havas\u0131 ile gelen mikro organizmalara kar\u015f\u0131 v\u00fccudu uyarmak.<br \/>\n3-Soluk borusu (Trake):<br \/>\n Temel \u00f6zellikleri ve g\u00f6revleri:<br \/>\nYutak ile bron\u015flar aras\u0131nda bulunur.<br \/>\nYap\u0131s\u0131nda yar\u0131m ay \u015feklinde k\u0131k\u0131rdak halkalar bulunur<br \/>\n\u0130\u00e7 y\u00fczey silli silindirik epitel ile \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr<br \/>\n\u0130\u00e7 y\u00fczeyde bol miktarda mukus \u00fcreten goblet h\u00fccreleri bulunur<br \/>\n4-Bron\u015flar ve bron\u015f\u00e7uklar:<br \/>\n Temel \u00f6zellikleri ve g\u00f6revleri<br \/>\nTrake ile alvoler odalar aras\u0131nda bulunur<br \/>\nYap\u0131 olarak trakeye benzer<br \/>\nAncak yap\u0131s\u0131nda tam k\u0131k\u0131rdak halkalar bulunur<br \/>\n5-Alveoller odalar:<br \/>\n Temel \u00f6zellikleri ve g\u00f6revleri<br \/>\nBron\u015fcuklarla beraber akci\u011ferlerin temel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur<br \/>\nTek katl\u0131 yass\u0131 epitelden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur<br \/>\nBirle\u015fik odac\u0131klar \u015feklindedir<br \/>\nEtraf\u0131 k\u0131lcal kan damarlar\u0131 ile \u00e7evrilidir<br \/>\nD\u0131\u015f ortamla gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi bu yap\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir<\/p>\n<p> Solunum pigmentleri<br \/>\n Kan veya dola\u015f\u0131m s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131nda gaz ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda rol alan (Hemoglobin gibi) molek\u00fcllere<br \/>\n solunum pigmenti denir.<\/p>\n<p>a-Hemoglobin:<br \/>\nYap\u0131s\u0131nda demir bulunur.<br \/>\nOmurgal\u0131lar\u0131n alyuvarlar\u0131nda bulunur<br \/>\nK\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renklidir<br \/>\nOmurgas\u0131zlarda (Toprak solucan\u0131) plazmada bulunur<br \/>\nOmurgas\u0131zlarda O2 depolar<br \/>\nb-Hemosiyanin<br \/>\nYap\u0131s\u0131nda bak\u0131r bulunur<br \/>\nOmurgas\u0131zlarda yumu\u015fak\u00e7a ve eklem bacakl\u0131larda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<br \/>\nPlazmada bulunur<br \/>\nRenksizdir. O2 ile birle\u015fince mavi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcr<br \/>\nc-Hemoeritrin:<br \/>\nYap\u0131s\u0131nda demir bulunur<br \/>\nK\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renklidir<br \/>\nOmurgas\u0131zlardan halkal\u0131 solucanlarda bulunur<br \/>\nKan h\u00fccrelerinde yer al\u0131r<br \/>\nd-Klorokuriorin<br \/>\nYap\u0131s\u0131nda demir bulunur<br \/>\nHalkal\u0131 solucanlarda bulunur<br \/>\nYe\u015fil renklidir<br \/>\nKan plazmas\u0131nda yer al\u0131r<br \/>\nSolunum pigmentlerinin ortak \u00f6zellikleri<br \/>\nOksijenle kolayca birle\u015fip ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar<br \/>\nYap\u0131lar\u0131nda metal iyonu bulunur<br \/>\nKan\u0131n daha fazla oksijen ve karbondioksit ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar<\/p>\n<p>Nefes al\u0131p verme mekanizmas\u0131 <\/p>\n<p>Nefes alma<br \/>\nAktif olayd\u0131r.<br \/>\nEnerji harcan\u0131r<br \/>\nKaburgalar aras\u0131 kaslar kas\u0131l\u0131r<br \/>\nDiyafram kas\u0131l\u0131r<br \/>\nG\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs i\u00e7 hacmi artar<br \/>\nAtmosfer havas\u0131 akci\u011ferlere dolar<br \/>\n(Toplar damarlarda kan\u0131n kalbe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde etkindir)<\/p>\n<p>2-Nefes verme<br \/>\nPasif olayd\u0131r<br \/>\nEnerji harcanmaz<br \/>\nKaburgalar aras\u0131 kaslar gev\u015fer<br \/>\nDiyafram gev\u015fer<br \/>\nG\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs i\u00e7 hacmi azal\u0131r<br \/>\nAkci\u011ferler s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r<br \/>\n(Akci\u011fer dokusal olarak elastik \u00f6zelliktedir geri yaylanma ile solunum havas\u0131 d\u0131\u015fa verilir)<\/p>\n<p> Kanda CO2 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131<br \/>\n Kanda CO2 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 3 \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir<br \/>\nHbCO2 olarak<br \/>\nHCO3- olarak plazmada<br \/>\nCO2 olarak plazmada<br \/>\n Kanda O2 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131<br \/>\n Kanda O2 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 2 \u015feklide ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<br \/>\nHbO2 olarak eritrositlerde<br \/>\nO2 olarak plazmada<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SOLUNUM S\u0130STEMLER\u0130 H\u00fccrelerde enerji (ATP) elde etmek i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen biyokimyasal reaksiyonlara solunum reaksiyonlar\u0131 (H\u00fccre solunumu) denir.Organik maddelerin y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu reaksiyonlarda son elektron al\u0131cs\u0131na g\u00f6reO2 li veya O2 siz solunum denir.. O2 li solunum yapan canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ortamdan (Tatl\u0131 ve tuzlu su,Dokun s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 ve karasal ortam) O2 almak ve ortama CO2 vermek zorundad\u0131rlar.Canl\u0131lar evrimsel &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[6676,7675,7676,7670,7672,7667,7666,7668,7674,5999,7669,7671,7673],"class_list":["post-3339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-akciger-solunumu","tag-akcigerli-baliklar","tag-bronslar-ve-bronscuklar","tag-deri-solunumu","tag-hayvanlarda-solunum","tag-hucre-solunumu","tag-hucrelerde-enerji","tag-o2-siz-solunum","tag-solungac-solunumu","tag-solunum-sistemleri","tag-su-ortaminda-solunum","tag-tek-hucrelilerde-solunum","tag-trake-solunumu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3339"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3339\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}