Dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi, canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan oksijenin kalp, damarlar ve kan arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile v\u00fccudun her yerine ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Kan, i\u015flevini yaparken damarlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile en uzaktaki h\u00fccrelere bile ula\u015f\u0131r. Kan\u0131n damar i\u00e7erisinde s\u00fcrekli bir \u015fekilde ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan itici g\u00fc\u00e7 dola\u015f\u0131m sisteminin merkezi olan kalp sayesinde sa\u011flan\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Kalp
\nDola\u015f\u0131m sisteminin merkezi olup homeostaz\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan kan\u0131 damarlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile t\u00fcm v\u00fccuda pompalar. G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs bo\u015flu\u011funun merkezinde, iki akci\u011fer aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r ve sternuma (g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kemi\u011fi) g\u00f6re 2\/3 solda, 1\/3 sa\u011fda bulunur.
\nKalp ters \u00e7evrilmi\u015f bir koni \u015feklindedir. Apeks denilen tepe k\u0131sm\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, basis denen taban k\u0131sm\u0131 ise yukardad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kalbi saran zar tabakas\u0131na perikard ad\u0131 verilir. Kalp duvar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 tabakadan meydana gelmi\u015ftir.
\nEpikard, ya\u011fla \u00e7evrili, kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu parlak ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen en d\u0131\u015f tabakas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nMiyokard (kalp kas\u0131), kalbin pompa gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kas tabakas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nEndokard, kalp bo\u015fluklar\u0131n\u0131 ve kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 saran, ince epitel tabakas\u0131ndan olu\u015fmu\u015f en i\u00e7 tabakad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak ki\u015finin yumru\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, i\u00e7i bo\u015f, kastan olu\u015fan bir organ olan kalp, septum denilen bir duvarla ortadan sa\u011f ve sol olarak \u00f6nce ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar da tekrar \u00fcst ve alt olmak \u00fczere ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.Yani kalp toplam d\u00f6rt odac\u0131ktan olu\u015fur.
\n\u00dcst odac\u0131klara atrium (kulak\u00e7\u0131k), alt odac\u0131klara ventrik\u00fcl (kar\u0131nc\u0131k) ad\u0131 verilir. Atrium ve ventrik\u00fcller birer kapakla birbirinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na atrioventrik\u00fcler kapaklar ad\u0131 verilir.
\nSa\u011f atrium ve sa\u011f ventrik\u00fcl\u00fc birbirinden ay\u0131ran kapa\u011fa trik\u00fcspit, sol atrium ve sol ventrik\u00fcl\u00fc birbirinden ay\u0131ran kapa\u011fa bik\u00fcspid ya da mitral kapak ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n
Kalbin sa\u011f taraf\u0131 her zaman kirli kan, sol taraf\u0131 ise temiz kan ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131k akci\u011ferler haricinde di\u011fer t\u00fcm organ, doku ve yap\u0131lardan gelen kan\u0131n topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir. Kan\u0131 getiren b\u00fcy\u00fck toplardamarlar vena cava inferior ve vena cava superiord\u00fcr. Buradaki kan trik\u00fcspid kapaktan ge\u00e7erek sa\u011f kar\u0131nc\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7er. <\/p>\n
Kirli kan sa\u011f kar\u0131nc\u0131ktan pulmoner arter ile akci\u011ferlere temizlenmek \u00fczere pompalan\u0131r.
\nSol kulak\u00e7\u0131kta ise pulmoner venlerin getirdi\u011fi temiz kan bulunur. Buradan kan sol kar\u0131nc\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7er ve mitral kapak kapanarak kan\u0131n kar\u0131nc\u0131ktan geri gelmesi engellenir.
\nSol kar\u0131nc\u0131k ise temiz kan\u0131 ana atardamar olan aort arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile t\u00fcm v\u00fccuda pompalar. <\/p>\n
Kan\u0131n temizlenmesi
\nV\u00fccuttan d\u00f6nen kirli kan sa\u011f atriuma, sa\u011f atriumdan sa\u011f ventrik\u00fcle ge\u00e7er, sa\u011f ventrik\u00fclden de temizlenmek \u00fczere pulmoner arterlerle akci\u011ferlere ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Akci\u011ferlere ula\u015fan kan CO2 – O2 de\u011fi\u015fiminden sonra pulmoner venler vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile v\u00fccuda pompalanmak \u00fczere sol atriuma, oradan sol ventrik\u00fcle geri ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, sol ventrik\u00fclden de aorta vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile v\u00fccuda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Atrium ile ventrik\u00fcl aras\u0131ndaki ak\u0131\u015flar, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fe izin vermeyen kapaklar taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilmektedir. Kan\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nleyen bu sistemler sayesinde dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi tek y\u00f6nde hareket ederek normal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Kalbin kan ihtiyac\u0131
\nKalp, v\u00fccudun en fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan organ\u0131d\u0131r. Canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gereken kalp kas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revini yerine getirebilmesi i\u00e7in enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 gerekir. Kalp beyinden sonra en fazla enerji gereksinmesi olan organd\u0131r. Kalp t\u00fcm v\u00fccuda pompalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k % 10\u2019unu kendi enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r.
\nAna atardamar olan aortdan \u00e7\u0131kan ve kalbi besleyen ta\u00e7 \u015feklindeki damarlara koroner arterler denir. Aortun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan sa\u011f ve sol olmak \u00fczere iki koroner arter \u00e7\u0131kar. <\/p>\n
Kalp ritmi
\nKalbin t\u00fcm v\u00fccuda iletebilmesi i\u00e7in kan\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7la f\u0131rlatmas\u0131 ve pompa gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir. Bunun i\u00e7in kalp kaslar\u0131 belli bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak kalp ile damarlar aras\u0131ndaki ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flar. Kalp odac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131na (sistol) ve gev\u015femesine (diastol) ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. <\/p>\n
Kan damarlar\u0131
\nDola\u015f\u0131m sisteminin merkezi kalp olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, t\u00fcm v\u00fccut h\u00fccreleriyle kan\u0131n irtibat\u0131n\u0131 damarlar sa\u011flar.
\nV\u00fccutta arterler, venler ve kapiller olmak \u00fczere 3 tip damar mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
1- Arterler (Atardamarlar): Kalpten pompalanan kan\u0131n t\u00fcm v\u00fccut h\u00fccrelerine ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar. Sadece pulmoner arter d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn arterler temiz kan ta\u015f\u0131r. Geni\u015f arterler kalbe yak\u0131nd\u0131r, kalpten uzakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a daral\u0131rlar ve daha da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan arteriollere ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Arterioller arterlere nazaran daha fazla d\u00fcz kas h\u00fccreleri i\u00e7erirler. Bu sayede daha kolay daral\u0131p geni\u015flerler. Temiz kan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu sol ventrik\u00fclden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru y\u00fckselen ana atar damar aort olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Kalbi besleyen arterler buradan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
2- Venler (Toplardamarlar): Venler, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck venlerin (ven\u00fcl) birle\u015fmesinden olu\u015fur. V\u00fccuttaki kirli kan\u0131n kalbe getirilmesini sa\u011flarlar. Y\u00fczeysel venler \u00f6zellikle v\u00fccudun y\u00fczeyine yak\u0131n yerlerden toplanan kan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu alanlar olan kol ve bacaklarda bulunur.
\nVenlerin \u00e7o\u011fu kirli kan ta\u015f\u0131r. Baz\u0131 pulmoner venler temiz kan ta\u015f\u0131yabilirler. \u00c7ap\u0131 1 mm\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck olan venlerde genellikle tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc seminular bik\u00fcspit kapaklar bulunur. Bu kapaklar kan\u0131n venlerde tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ilerleyi\u015fini sa\u011flar geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc engellerler. Kapakl\u0131 venler, \u00f6zellikle yer\u00e7ekimine kar\u015f\u0131 koymak i\u00e7in bacaklarda bol bulunur. <\/p>\n
3- Kapilerler: Arteriollerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dallanmalard\u0131r. V\u00fccudun en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck fakat en fazla bulunan damarlar\u0131d\u0131r. Kapilerler, arteriol ve ven\u00f6z sistemleri birbirine ba\u011flayan a\u011flar olu\u015ftururlar. Kapilaer damarlar genellikle bir h\u00fccre kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131
\nKan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 pulmoner dola\u015f\u0131m ve sistematik dola\u015f\u0131m olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Pulmoner Dola\u015f\u0131m (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dola\u015f\u0131m): Kirli kan\u0131n akci\u011ferlere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek karbondioksitin uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve oksijence zenginle\u015ftirildi\u011fi ve temizlenen bu kan\u0131n v\u00fccuda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmak \u00fczere kalbe getirildi\u011fi dola\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.
\nKalp ile akci\u011fer aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu i\u015flem yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 saniye s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n
Sistemik dola\u015f\u0131m (b\u00fcy\u00fck dola\u015f\u0131m): Temiz kan\u0131n t\u00fcm h\u00fccre ve dokulara g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve kirli kan\u0131n geri getirildi\u011fi kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Kalp ile v\u00fccut aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu dola\u015f\u0131m 25-30 saniye kadar s\u00fcrer. Bu dola\u015f\u0131ma b\u00fcy\u00fck dola\u015f\u0131m da denir. <\/p>\n
Kan
\nYeti\u015fkin bir insan v\u00fccudunda ortalama 5-7 lt kan bulunur. Kan v\u00fccut i\u00e7in gerekli olan hayati maddelerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.Kan\u0131n fonksiyonlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir
\n\u2022 Oksijen, karbondioksit, besin maddeleri, hormonlar ve metabolik at\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r.
\n\u2022 V\u00fccudun elektrolit bile\u015fimini ve ph dengesini ayarlar.
\n\u2022 Yaralanan veya hasar g\u00f6ren damarlardan kan kayb\u0131n\u0131 p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fma mekanizmas\u0131 ile \u00f6nler.
\n\u2022 Toksin ve patojenlere kar\u015f\u0131 koruyuculuk sa\u011flar.
\n\u2022 V\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 dengesini ayarlar.<\/p>\n
Kan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131
\nKan, h\u00fccrelerden ve \u201cplazma \u201c ad\u0131 verilen bir s\u0131v\u0131dan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Plazman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 (%90) su olu\u015fturur. Bu sayede h\u00fccrelerin su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar. Plazman\u0131n % 7\u2019sini proteinler olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
Plazmada en \u00e7ok bulunan proteinler; albumin, glob\u00fclin ve fibrinojenlerdir..
\nAlbuminler, kan hacmini ve bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 ayarlayan su tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 desteklerler. Ayr\u0131ca hormon ve daha bir \u00e7ok maddeyi ba\u011flayarak plazmada ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olurlar.
\nFibrinojen kan\u0131n p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fart olan bir proteindir.
\nGlob\u00fclinler alfa, beta ve gama olarak \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131fta incelenirler. Bunlardan alfa ve beta glob\u00fclinler karaci\u011fer taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131p, kanda lipidler ile ya\u011fda eriyen vitaminleri ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Gama glob\u00fclinler ise immunoglob\u00fclinlerdir.<\/p>\n
Kan H\u00fccreleri
\nH\u00fccreler eritrositler (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccreleri), l\u00f6kositler (beyaz kan h\u00fccreleri) ve trombositlerdir. H\u00fccrelerin % 99\u2019undan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 eritrositler olu\u015fturur. Eritrositler kan\u0131n oksijen ta\u015f\u0131yan h\u00fccreleridir.L\u00f6kositler v\u00fccudu enfeksiyonlara ve kansere kar\u015f\u0131 koruyan h\u00fccrelerdir. Trombositler ise kan\u0131n p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Eritrositler (alyuvarlar, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccreleri)
\nKandaki h\u00fccrelerin % 99\u2019undan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 eritrositler olu\u015fturur. Eritrositler disk \u015feklindedir, \u00e7aplar\u0131 7-8 mikrometre kadard\u0131r.
\nEritrosit zarlar\u0131nda % 33 oranda bulunan hemoglobin, kanda oksijen ta\u015f\u0131yan proteindir. Oksijenin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 99\u2019u hemoglobin ile ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, geri kalan % 1\u2019lik k\u0131s\u0131m ise kanda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olarak ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Hemoglobin eritrositlerin pembe boyanmas\u0131ndan sorumludur . Oksijenle\u015fmi\u015f hemoglobin k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renklidir.
\nEritrositler kemik ili\u011finde yap\u0131l\u0131rlar. Gebeli\u011fin son ay\u0131na kadar eritrosit yap\u0131m\u0131 karaci\u011ferde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Gebeli\u011fin son ay\u0131ndan 5 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar t\u00fcm kemiklerin kemik ili\u011finde \u00fcretilir. ilerleyen ya\u015flarda hayat\u0131n sonuna kadar azalan oranlarda eritrosit yap\u0131m\u0131 vertebralar, kostalar ve sternumda yap\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
L\u00f6kositler (akyuvarlar, beyaz kan h\u00fccreleri)
\nV\u00fccuda giren mikroorganizmalara kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6zellikte olan h\u00fccrelerdir. Protein sentezleyebilirler.
\nL\u00f6kositler granulositler ve agranulositler olmak \u00fczere iki grupta incelenir. <\/p>\n
Granulositler : Sitoplazmalar\u0131nda gran\u00fcllerin bulundu\u011fu l\u00f6kositlerdir. Kemoterapiden sonra ge\u00e7ici olarak say\u0131lar\u0131 azal\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 azalmalarda infeksiyon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 ate\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n\u2022 N\u00f6trofil : Mikroorganizmalar\u0131 ya da yabanc\u0131 maddeleri fagositozla yok ederler. Sitoplazmalar\u0131ndaki gran\u00fcller, mikroorganizmalar\u0131 sindiren enzimlere sahiptirler.
\n\u2022 Eozinofil : Allerjik reaksiyonlar da rol al\u0131rlar ve parazitik infeksiyonlara kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flayan h\u00fccrelerdir. KML\u2019de kan ve kemik ili\u011finde artar.
\n\u2022 Bazofil: L\u00f6kositlerin i\u00e7inde miktar olarak en az bulunan tiptir. Belirli allerjik reaksiyonlara kat\u0131lan beyaz k\u00fcre h\u00fccrelerinden biri. KML\u2019de bu h\u00fccreler kan ve kemik ili\u011finde artar. <\/p>\n
Agranulositler: Sitoplazmalar\u0131nda sadece birka\u00e7 lizozom gran\u00fcl\u00fc bulunur.
\n\u2022 Monosit : En b\u00fcy\u00fck kan h\u00fccresidir. Monositler kemik ili\u011finden sonra ge\u00e7tikleri dola\u015f\u0131m sisteminde k\u0131sa s\u00fcre kal\u0131p sonra dokulara ge\u00e7erek doku makrofajlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrler. Makrofajlar kendilerinden b\u00fcy\u00fck yap\u0131lar\u0131 sindirebilme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptirler.
\n\u2022 Lenfosit : T ve B h\u00fccreleri olmak \u00fczere iki farkl\u0131 tipi vard\u0131r. B lenfositler kemik ili\u011finde olu\u015furlar ve lenfoid dokularda toplan\u0131rlar. T lenfositler timusta aktifle\u015fir. T ve B lenfositler v\u00fccudun savunma sistemini olu\u015ftururlar. Bu h\u00fccreler bakteri, vir\u00fcs, doku ve kimyasal y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 yok ederler.<\/p>\n
Trombositler
\nTrombositler, kan\u0131n p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli g\u00f6reve sahip olup, \u00e7ok say\u0131da gran\u00fcl i\u00e7eren renksiz h\u00fccre par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. Megakaryosit denilen kemik ili\u011finin b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u00fccrelerinin par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan olu\u015fur. Ortalama 10 g\u00fcn kadar ya\u015farlar. \u00d6mr\u00fc dolan trombositler dalak ve karaci\u011ferdeki makrofajlar taraf\u0131ndan yok edilir. Her g\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 milyon trombosit \u00fcretilir.
\nTrombositler birbirine ve ba\u011f dokusu ipli\u011fi olan kollajene ba\u011flanarak p\u0131ht\u0131 olu\u015fumunda rol oynarlar. <\/p>\n
Kan\u0131n p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131
\nHomeostaz\u0131n bozulmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, kan kayb\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi ve kan\u0131n p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Herhangi bir \u015fekilde damar kesilirse, damar duvarlar\u0131nda bulunan d\u00fcz kaslar\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131yla kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 yava\u015flamaya ba\u015flar. Endotelial h\u00fccrelerin membranlar\u0131 yap\u0131\u015fkan bir yap\u0131 kazan\u0131r.
\nPlateletler (kan p\u0131ht\u0131lar\u0131) bu yap\u0131\u015fkan y\u00fczeylere ve kollajen ipliklere tutunmaya ba\u015flarlar, say\u0131lar\u0131 artar ve k\u00fcmele\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak t\u0131ka\u00e7 olu\u015ftururlar. Son a\u015famada, kanda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f halde dola\u015fan fibrinojenin (p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fma fakt\u00f6r\u00fc) fibrin ipliklerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ve platelet t\u0131ka\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rtmesidir. <\/p>\n
Kan\u0131n p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan 12 tane p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fma fakt\u00f6r\u00fcnden biri hari\u00e7 hepsi proteindir. Bu fakt\u00f6rler kan\u0131n i\u00e7inden ya da d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan olabilir.b
\nKalsiyum iyonlar\u0131 p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k t\u00fcm basamaklar\u0131nda rol oynar.
\nK vit***** de p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fma mekanizmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. <\/p>\n
Kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 (tansiyon)
\nKan\u0131n damar duvar\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131nca tansiyon denir. Kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 de\u011ferleri, ki\u015finin dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgiler verir.
\nKan bas\u0131nc\u0131, sistolik ve diyastolik olmak \u00fczere 2 rakam ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sistolik kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 kalbin at\u0131m\u0131, diyastolik kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 at\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki gev\u015femeyi g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Normal bir eri\u015fkinde olmas\u0131 gereken kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 de\u011ferler sistolik bas\u0131n\u00e7 120 mmHg, diastolik bas\u0131n\u00e7 ise 80 mmHg \u015feklinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r.Normal kan bas\u0131nc\u0131, sistolik kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n 130 mmHg, diyastolik kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n 85 mmHg\u2019dan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 olup, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinin ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n 140\/90 mmHg\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131 y\u00fcksek kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 ya da di\u011fer ad\u0131yla hipertansiyon olarak isimlendirilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi, canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan oksijenin kalp, damarlar ve kan arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile v\u00fccudun her yerine ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Kan, i\u015flevini yaparken damarlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile en uzaktaki h\u00fccrelere bile ula\u015f\u0131r. Kan\u0131n damar i\u00e7erisinde s\u00fcrekli bir \u015fekilde ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan itici g\u00fc\u00e7 dola\u015f\u0131m sisteminin merkezi olan kalp sayesinde sa\u011flan\u0131r. Kalp Dola\u015f\u0131m sisteminin merkezi olup homeostaz\u0131n …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2458,7933,2453,2451,7940,7939,7932,2457,5796,1378,7934,7942,7935,7936,7937,7642,2338,7941,2460,7938,2164,2463,2454],"class_list":["post-3470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-alyuvarlar","tag-aort","tag-arterler","tag-atrium","tag-bazofil","tag-eozinofil","tag-epikard","tag-eritrositler","tag-granulositler","tag-kalp","tag-kalp-ritmi","tag-kan-basinci","tag-kan-damarlari","tag-kan-dolasimi","tag-kan-hucreleri","tag-kanin-pihtilasmasi","tag-karbondioksit","tag-lenfosit","tag-lokositler","tag-notrofil","tag-oksijen","tag-trombositler","tag-venler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3470"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3470\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}