Endokrin sistem, endokrin bezlerden olu\u015fur. Bu bezler hormon salg\u0131layarak kana verirler.
\n Hormonlar;
\n – Organ ve sistemlerin d\u00fczenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n – Kararl\u0131 bir i\u00e7 \u00e7evre (homeostasi) olu\u015fturur.
\n – \u00dcreme, b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fme olaylar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.
\n – \u00c7o\u011funlukla protein veya steroid yap\u0131dad\u0131r.
\n – Kan ile ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.
\n – Etkisi ge\u00e7 ba\u015flar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, yap\u0131m\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u00fcre al\u0131r.
\n – H\u00fccrelerde hormonlar\u0131 tan\u0131yacak \u00f6zel resept\u00f6rler (alma\u00e7) bulunur.
\n – Hormonlar\u0131n etki etti\u011fi hedef organlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 hormonlar b\u00fct\u00fcn organlar\u0131 (Tiroksin), baz\u0131lar\u0131 birden fazla organ\u0131 (E\u015fey hormonlar\u0131) ve baz\u0131lar\u0131 da yaln\u0131z bir organ\u0131 (Gastrin) etkiler.
\n – Az miktarda bile etkilidir.
\n – Etkisi uzun s\u00fcrelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, hormonlar karaci\u011ferde uzun bir s\u00fcrede par\u00e7alan\u0131r.
\n – Fazlas\u0131 kendi yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 durdurur.
\n – Az veya \u00e7ok salg\u0131lanmalar\u0131 halinde anormallikler olu\u015fur.
\n \u0130nsanlarda hormon salg\u0131lanmas\u0131;
\n – D\u0131\u015f fakt\u00f6rlerin de\u011fi\u015fmesi,
\n – Kandaki madde miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi,
\n – Sinir sisteminin uyarmas\u0131,
\n – Bir ba\u015fka bezin uyarmas\u0131 ile olur.
\n Bitkisel Hormonlar
\n Bitkilerde \u00fcretilen hormonlar ya dif\u00fczyon veya soymuk borular\u0131 ile ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar. Bitkilerde d\u00fczenleme sadece hormonlarla sa\u011flan\u0131r. Hormon salg\u0131layan endokrin bezleri yoktur. Hormonlar belirli b\u00f6lgelerdeki h\u00fccreler taraf\u0131ndan salg\u0131lan\u0131r.
\n Bitkilerde hormonlar \u00fcreme ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme olaylar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. Be\u015f \u00e7e\u015fittir.
\n Oksin
\n – Di\u011fer hormonlarla birlikte bitkinin geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flar.
\n – Bitkinin boyca b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flar.
\n – H\u00fccre b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, h\u00fccre b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, h\u00fccre ve doku farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n – Bitkinin g\u00fcne\u015fe y\u00f6nelmesini sa\u011flar.
\n -\u00c7ok salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa b\u00fcy\u00fcme durur, az salg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yapraklar d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n – Meyve vermede etkilidir. D\u00f6llenmi\u015f \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fin d\u00f6k\u00fclmesini engeller.
\n -Yapay olarak \u00fcretilen oksinler, yabani otlar\u0131n imhas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Giberellin
\n – G\u00f6vde b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flar.
\n – Meyve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flar.
\n – Tohum \u00e7imlenmesini uyar\u0131r.
\n – Tomurcuk geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flar.
\n – Yapraklar\u0131n ge\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fclmesinde etkilidir.
\n – H\u00fccre b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini uyar\u0131r.
\n Absisik Asit
\n – Bitki i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli olmayan ortamlarda tohumun \u00e7imlenmesini engeller.
\n – Bitkilerin uyku halinin devam etmesini sa\u011flar, (dormansi)
\n – Tomurcuk geli\u015fimini durdurur.
\n Etilen
\n – Yaprak d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flar.
\n – Meyve olgunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanlarda Bezler ve Hormonlar
\n insanlarda \u00fc\u00e7 tip bez bulunur:
\n a)Endokrin Bezler
\n \ufffd- Sadece hormon salg\u0131lar.
\n – Salg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kana verir.
\n – Hipofiz, tiroid, paratiroid, b\u00f6brek\u00fcst\u00fc bezi v.s.
\n b)Ekzokrin Bezler
\n – Hormon olmayan salg\u0131lar\u0131 salg\u0131lar.
\n – Sa\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kanala verir.
\n – S\u00fct bezi, t\u00fckr\u00fck bezi, v.s.
\n c)Karma Bezler
\n – Hormon \u00fcreterek kana verir.
\n – Enzim \u00fcreterek kanala verir.<\/p>\n
Hipofiz Bezi
\n – V\u00fccutta bir\u00e7ok olay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen, \u00e7ok say\u0131da hormon salg\u0131lar.
\n -Bu hormonlar, di\u011fer endokrin bezlerin salg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da denetler.
\n – Hipofizin salg\u0131 yapabilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00f6nce hipotalamustan gelen salg\u0131lat\u0131c\u0131 fakt\u00f6rlerin (RF) hipofizi uyarmas\u0131 gerekir.
\n – Hipofiz kafatas\u0131 i\u00e7indedir.
\n – \u00d6n lob, ara lob ve arka lob olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fur.
\n – Ergenlikte sadece \u00f6n ve arka lob bulunur ve bu b\u00f6lgelerde farkl\u0131 hormonlar salg\u0131lan\u0131r.
\n Arka loptan salg\u0131lanan hormonlar:
\n -ADH (Vasopressin) (Anti Di\u00fcretik Hormon)
\n -Oksitosin
\n \u00d6n lobtan salg\u0131lanan hormonlar:
\n -STH (Somato Tropin Hormon)
\n -TSH (Tiroid Uyar\u0131c\u0131 Hormon)
\n -ACHT (Adreno Kortiko Tropik Hormon)
\n – MSH (Melanosit Uyar\u0131c\u0131 Hormon) (Aralop)
\n -GTH (Gonado Tropin Hormon)
\n Arka Loptan Salg\u0131lanan Hormonlar
\n – iki \u00e7e\u015fit hormon salg\u0131lar.
\n – Oksitosin ve vasopressin ger\u00e7ekte hipofizin de\u011fil, hipotala-musun hormonlar\u0131d\u0131r. Hipotalamustan salg\u0131lan\u0131r, hipofizin arka lobunda depolan\u0131r. Gerekti\u011finde arka \u0130obta bulunan depolardan kana verir.
\n 1. Oksitosin
\n – Oksitosin sadece di\u015filerde salg\u0131lan\u0131r ve d\u00f6l yata\u011f\u0131 kas\u0131na etki ederek, do\u011fuma yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.
\n – S\u00fct bezlerinden s\u00fct salg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n 2. ADH (Anti Di\u00fcretik Hormon = Vasopressin)
\n – B\u00f6brek t\u00fcb\u00fcllerini etkileyerek, suyun b\u00f6breklerden geri emilmesini sa\u011flar. Az salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa b\u00f6breklerden fazla miktarda su kayb\u0131 olur. Susuzluk duygusu artar. Bu duruma \u015fekersiz \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 denir.
\n – D\u00fcz kaslar\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler. B\u00f6ylece atardamarlar\u0131 kast\u0131rarak kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.
\n On Loptan Salg\u0131lanan Hormonlar
\n – Be\u015f \u00e7e\u015fit hormon salg\u0131lar. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu di\u011fer bezlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.
\n 1. STH (Somato Tropiri Hormon)
\n – B\u00fcy\u00fcme hormonudur. Uzun kemiklerin ve genel olarak v\u00fccudun b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flar.
\n – B\u00fcy\u00fcme evresinde \u00e7ok salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa devlik (gigantizm) olu\u015fur.
\n – Az salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa c\u00fccelik (nanizm) olu\u015fur.
\n – B\u00fcy\u00fcme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan sonra fazla salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa el, ayak ve kafatas\u0131 kemikleri orant\u0131s\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Bu anormalli\u011fe akromegali denir.
\n – H\u00fccrelerde protein sentezini h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. Karbonhidrat ve ya\u011f metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler.
\n 2. TSH (Tiroid Uyar\u0131c\u0131 Hormon)
\n – Tiroid bezini uyar\u0131r, salg\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.
\n Hipotalamus<\/p>\n
3. ACTH (Adreno Kortiko Tropik Hormon)
\n – B\u00f6brek \u00fcst\u00fc bezini uyar\u0131r, buradan hormon salg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.
\n “Hipotalamus \u0130RF<\/p>\n
4. MSH (Melanosit Uyar\u0131c\u0131 Hormon)
\n – Araloptan salg\u0131lan\u0131r.
\n – Derideki melanosit h\u00fccrelerinin melanin pigmenti olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 uyar\u0131r.
\n – Melanin deriye renk verir, g\u00f6zde karanl\u0131k oda olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flar.
\n – Eksikli\u011finde albino (renksiz) bireyler olu\u015fur.
\n 5. GTH (Gonado Tropik Hormon)
\n \u00dcreme faaliyetlerini d\u00fczenler, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fittir.
\n a) FSH (Folik\u00fcl Uyar\u0131c\u0131 Hormon)
\n – Erkeklerde sperm ve testosteron salg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 uyar\u0131r.
\n – Di\u015filerde yumurta olgunla\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u00f6strojen salg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 uyar\u0131r.
\n b) IH (L\u00fcteinlestirici Hormon)
\n – Erkeklerde sperm olgunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n – Di\u015filerde yumurta at\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar (Ovulasyon).
\n c) LTH (Luteo Tropik Hormon):
\n – Erkeklerde salg\u0131lanmaz.
\n – Di\u015filerde \u00f6strojen ve progesteron yap\u0131m\u0131, s\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcretilmesi, hamileli\u011fin devam etmesi ve annelik duygusunu geli\u015ftirir.
\n Tiroid Bezi
\n G\u0131rtla\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda soluk borusuna sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kelebek \u015feklindedir. Hipofiz bezinin TSH\ufffd\u0131 ile uyar\u0131l\u0131r ve iki \u00e7e\u015fit hormon salg\u0131lar.
\n a) Tiroksin
\n B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fccreleri etkileyerek, metabolizmay\u0131 d\u00fczenler. Geli\u015fme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda az salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa kretenizm denilen c\u00fccelik ve zeka gerili\u011fine neden olan hastal\u0131k olu\u015fur. Ergin d\u00f6nemde az salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa miksodema hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fur. Metabolizma yava\u015flar, uyu\u015fukluk g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer, k\u0131llar d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n Ergin insanda tiroid bezi fazla salg\u0131 yaparsa metabolizma h\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fckselir ve i\u00e7 guatr olu\u015fur. Bu ki\u015filerde kalp h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 ve solunum h\u0131z\u0131 artar, g\u00f6zler d\u0131\u015far\u0131 do\u011fru f\u0131rlar.
\n Tiroksinin yap\u0131s\u0131nda iyot vard\u0131r. Yeterli iyot al\u0131namazsa tiroksin azal\u0131r, TSH miktar\u0131 artar. Bunun sonucu tiroid bezi b\u00fcy\u00fcr ve bo\u011fazda \u015fi\u015fkinlik olu\u015fur. Bu duruma basit guatr denir. \u0130yotlu besinler kullan\u0131larak bu hastal\u0131k giderilebilir.
\n b) Kalsitonin
\n Kandaki kalsiyum ve fosfat\u0131n kemiklere ge\u00e7mesini d\u00fczenler (D vit***** ile). Az salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa kemikler zay\u0131flar.
\n Paratiroid Bezi
\n Tiroid bezi \u00fczerinde 4 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bezden olu\u015fur. Parathormon salg\u0131lar. Kalsitonine z\u0131t etki g\u00f6sterir. Kalsiyumun kemikten kana ge\u00e7mesini, b\u00f6brekten geri emilimini ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak villuslar\u0131ndan kana ge\u00e7i\u015fini art\u0131r\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece kandaki kalsiyum artar. Az salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa kalsiyum kanda ve kaslarda azal\u0131r. Kaslarda tetani denen a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131 kas\u0131lmalar olur.
\n B\u00f6brek \u00dcst\u00fc Bezi
\n B\u00f6breklerin \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131na yap\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f iki bezdir. B\u00f6breklerle do\u011frudan ili\u015fkisi yoktur. Kabuk (korteks) ve \u00f6z (medulla) olarak iki k\u0131s\u0131mda incelenir. ACTH ile uyar\u0131l\u0131r. Kabuk ve \u00f6z b\u00f6lgesinden ayr\u0131 hormonlar \u00fcretir.
\n Kabuk B\u00f6laesi Hormonlar\u0131
\n a) Kortizol
\n Kan \u015fekerini art\u0131r\u0131r. Bunu da ya\u011f ve proteinlerden glikoz olu\u015fturarak sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca tedavi ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak, iltihaplanmalarda, alerji ve romatizma tedavisinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n b) Aldosteron
\n H\u00fccre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n iyon deri\u015fimini d\u00fczenlemeye yard\u0131m eder. B\u00f6brekte Na ve Cl iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n geri emilmesini sa\u011flar. Aldosteron az salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa Na ve Cl nin b\u00f6brekten geri emilimi azal\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer, doku s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131r, Na ve K iyon deri\u015fimi bozulur ve kaslar\u0131n yorulmas\u0131na neden olur. Deride pigmentle\u015fme artar, tun\u00e7 rengini (addison) al\u0131r. Fazla salg\u0131lan\u0131rsa kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fckselir, doku s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 artar.
\n \u00d6z B\u00f6lgesi Hormonlar\u0131
\n a) Adrenalin (Epinefrin)
\n Heyecan, korku, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc hallerinde ve baz\u0131 ila\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu adrenalin salg\u0131s\u0131 artar. Kalp at\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltir. Karaci\u011fer ve kaslardaki glikojenden glikoz olu\u015fturur. Derideki k\u0131lcallar\u0131n daralmas\u0131na neden olur.
\n b) N\u00f6radrenalin
\n K\u0131lcal damar kas\u0131lmas\u0131nda etkilidir ve kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.
\n E\u015fey Bezleri
\n Kad\u0131nlarda yumurtal\u0131k ve erkeklerde testisler \u00fcreme h\u00fccrelerini yapar ve hormon salg\u0131lar. E\u015fey bezleri ergenlik d\u00f6neminden sonra, hipofiz bezinin etkisiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar.
\n Di\u015filerde ergenlik d\u00f6neminde \u00f6strojen di\u015filerde e\u015feysel olgunla\u015fmay\u0131 d\u00fczenler. Progesteron ise hamileli\u011fi d\u00fczenler.
\n Erkeklerde testosteron sakal, b\u0131y\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, sesin kal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, kemik ve kaslar\u0131n geli\u015fiminde etkilidir. Spermlerin olgunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n Karma bir bezdir. Hormonlar langerhans adac\u0131klar\u0131ndan salg\u0131lan\u0131r. Langerhans adac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n beta h\u00fccreleri ins\u00fclin, alfa h\u00fccreleri ise glukagon hormonu salg\u0131lar. Bu hormonlar kan \u015fekerini ayarlamada etkilidir.
\n a) \u0130ns\u00fblin
\n Kandaki glikoz miktar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bunu glikozu damar d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kararak, glikojen \u015feklinde depolatarak ve h\u00fccrelerde par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rarak yapar.
\n b) Glukagon
\n Kan \u015fekerini art\u0131r\u0131r. Bunu adrenalinin glikojenden olu\u015fturdu\u011fu glikozu damar i\u00e7ine alarak yapar.
\n Ya\u011f + ProteinK\u00b0rtizol <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Endokrin sistem, endokrin bezlerden olu\u015fur. Bu bezler hormon salg\u0131layarak kana verirler. Hormonlar; – Organ ve sistemlerin d\u00fczenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. – Kararl\u0131 bir i\u00e7 \u00e7evre (homeostasi) olu\u015fturur. – \u00dcreme, b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fme olaylar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. – \u00c7o\u011funlukla protein veya steroid yap\u0131dad\u0131r. – Kan ile ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. – Etkisi ge\u00e7 ba\u015flar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, yap\u0131m\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u00fcre al\u0131r. – …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[5891,7953,7952,7949,6575,2629,4986,7947,7955,2631,6381,2522,2630,7651,7954,2527,3373,7948,7950,2637,2526,6090,7951,2525,2329],"class_list":["post-3476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-absisik-asit","tag-acht","tag-adreno-kortiko-tropik-hormon","tag-bobrekustu-bezi","tag-ekzokrin-bezler","tag-endokrin-bezler","tag-etilen","tag-gastrin","tag-gth","tag-hipofiz","tag-homeostasi","tag-hormonlar","tag-karma-bezler","tag-melanosit-uyarici-hormon","tag-msh","tag-ostrojen","tag-ovulasyon","tag-paratiroid","tag-somato-tropin-hormon","tag-sth","tag-testosteron","tag-tiroid","tag-tiroid-uyarici-hormon","tag-tiroksin","tag-tsh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3476"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3476\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}