BAKTER\u0130LER\u0130N GENEL \u00d6ZEL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/p>\n
Bakteriler \u0131\u015f\u0131k mikroskobu ile g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck canl\u0131lard\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri mikron ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Genelikle 2-10 mik-ron boyunda, 1-2 mikron geni\u015fli\u011finde olabilir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bakteriler son derece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. 10 bin tanesi yan yana dizildi\u011finde yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,5 cm \u2018yi bulur. Genelde bu bakteri dizisini kolay kolay g\u00f6remezsiniz , \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu minik canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu renksizdir. Bu y\u00fczden bakterileri mikroskopta inceleye bilmek i\u00e7in, ortama \u00f6zel boyalar katarak renklendirmek gerekir.
\nBakteriler iki h\u00fccre \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne sahiptir. \u0130\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mda h\u00fccre zar\u0131 bulunur;h\u00fccre zar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde prote\u011fin, karbonhidrat ve ya\u011flardan olu\u015fan h\u00fccre duvar\u0131 (= \u00e7eper) vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 bakterilerde h\u00fccre duvar\u0131na ek olarak, polisakaritlerden olu\u015fmu\u015f, koruyucu bir kaps\u00fcl bulunur.<\/p>\n
Bakteri sitoplazmas\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fimindeki maddeler \u00f6karyot h\u00fccrelerin sitoplazmas\u0131na benzer. Sitoplazman\u0131n %90\u2019n\u0131 sudur. Sitoplazma i\u00e7inde RNA, DNA, glikojen, prote\u011fin ya\u011f tanecikleri, ribozomlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Mitokondri, \u00e7ekirdek, endoplazmik retikulum, golgi ayg\u0131t\u0131 gibi zarla \u00e7evrili \u00f6zel yap\u0131lar yoktur. Oksijenli solunum yapan bakterilerde mezozom denilen zar katlant\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Mezozom,\u00f6karyat h\u00fccrelerdeki mitokondrinin g\u00f6revini yapar. Solunum enzimleri mezozom zarlar\u0131nda ve stoplazmada bulunur. Kal\u0131t\u0131m maddesi, \u00e7ekirdek alan\u0131 denilen k\u0131s\u0131mda halkasal yap\u0131da olan DNA molek\u00fcl\u00fcnden ibarettir. Bakteri DNA\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde prote\u011fin k\u0131l\u0131f yoktur. Bakteri stoplazmas\u0131nda, bakteri DNA\u2019s\u0131ndan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131lar da vard\u0131r. Plazmik denilen bu DNA halkalar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1-10 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Bakterinin antiboyoti\u011fe yada kimyasal maddeye kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 diren\u00e7 gibi kromozom ile ilgili olmayan \u00f6zellikler, bir bakteriden di\u011fer bakteriye plazmit ile ta\u015f\u0131nabilmektedir. Plazmitlerin \u00fcreme ile ilgisi yoktur.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 bakterilerin suda aktif hareketi, kam\u00e7\u0131 denilen uzant\u0131larla sa\u011flan\u0131r. Yuvarlak bakterilerde kam\u00e7\u0131 yoktur, hareketleri pasiftir. Daha \u00e7ok \u00e7ubuk ve spiral bakteriler kam\u00e7\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bakteriler toz par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131na su damlac\u0131klar\u0131na tutunarak havada ve suda uzak mesafelere ta\u015f\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n
Uygun olmayan ortamlarda baz\u0131 bakterilerde \u0131s\u0131ya, kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 endospor olu\u015fur. Endospor, \u00fcremede g\u00f6revli de\u011fildir. Olumsuz ko\u015fullara dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan metobolizmes\u0131 yava\u015flam\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lard\u0131r. \u015eartlar uygun oldu\u011funda endospardan tekrar bakteri olu\u015fur. Bir\u00e7ok bakteri 100\u00bac\u2019ta \u00f6l\u00fcr; fakat endosparlar \u00f6lmez. Baz\u0131 endosparlar 121\u00bac\u2019ta , 15 dakika kal\u0131rsa \u00f6l\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
BAKTER\u0130LER\u0130N GENEL \u00d6ZEL\u0130KLER\u0130 Bakteriler \u0131\u015f\u0131k mikroskobu ile g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck canl\u0131lard\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri mikron ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Genelikle 2-10 mik-ron boyunda, 1-2 mikron geni\u015fli\u011finde olabilir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bakteriler son derece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. 10 bin tanesi yan yana dizildi\u011finde yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,5 cm \u2018yi bulur. Genelde bu bakteri dizisini kolay kolay g\u00f6remezsiniz , \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu minik canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu renksizdir. Bu y\u00fczden …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[8001,2532,5656,5756,2481,2549,2466,6628,2484],"class_list":["post-3496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-bakterilerin-genel-ozellikleri","tag-cekirdek","tag-endoplazmik-retikulum","tag-golgi-aygiti","tag-isik-mikroskobu","tag-karbonhidrat","tag-mitokondri","tag-plazmitler","tag-protegin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3496"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3496\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}