{"id":3744,"date":"2011-11-15T19:20:35","date_gmt":"2011-11-15T17:20:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/\/?p=3744"},"modified":"2011-11-15T19:20:35","modified_gmt":"2011-11-15T17:20:35","slug":"nukleik-asitler-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/nukleik-asitler-2\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fckleik asitler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u2022 Bu molek\u00fcller ilk defa Friderich Miescher taraf\u0131ndan bal\u0131k spermi ve akyuvar \u00e7ekirde\u011finde<br \/>\n tespit edilmi\u015ftir.En \u00e7ok \u00e7ekirdekte bulunduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in n\u00fckleik asitler(\u00e7ekirdek asitleri) diye isimlendirilmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Asidik \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptirler.H\u00fccre y\u00f6netiminden sorumludurlar.<br \/>\n \u2022 DNA ve RNA olmak \u00fczere 2 tiptir.Bunlar h\u00fccrenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck dev molek\u00fcllerdir.<br \/>\n \u2022 N\u00fckleotitlerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.Onun i\u00e7in DNA ve RNA birer polin\u00fckleotidtir.<\/p>\n<p> Azotlu Organik Baz \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de P\u00fcrinler (Adenin,Guanin)<br \/>\n (\u00c7ift zincirlidirler.)<br \/>\n \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de Pirimidinler (Timin,Urasil,Sitozin)<br \/>\n (Tek zincirlidirler.)<br \/>\n N\u00fckleik asitler \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de\uf0de N\u00fckleotit 5 C\u2019 lu \u015eeker (pentoz) \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de Deoksiriboz<br \/>\n \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de Riboz<\/p>\n<p> Fosfat \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de Fosforik asit (H3PO4)<\/p>\n<p> \u2022 B\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00fckleotitlerde ayn\u0131 fosforik asit (H3PO4) bulunur.<br \/>\n \u2022 N\u00fckleotitlerin farkl\u0131 yap\u0131da olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u015feker ve organik baz molek\u00fcllerinin<br \/>\n farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131ndand\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 N\u00fckleotitler birbirlerine \u015feker-fosfat ba\u011flar\u0131yla ba\u011flan\u0131rlar.<br \/>\n \u2022 N\u00fckleotitler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 baza g\u00f6re,n\u00fckleik asitler ise ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekere g\u00f6re isimlendirilir. <\/p>\n<p> 1) DEOKS\u0130R\u0130BON\u00dcKLE\u0130K AS\u0130T (DNA)<br \/>\n \u2022 \u00c7ift zincirlidir ve sarmal yap\u0131dad\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 Deoksiriboz \u015fekeri bulunur.<br \/>\n \u2022 N\u00fckleotitleri A,T,G,S\u2019dir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Adenin say\u0131s\u0131 Timin say\u0131s\u0131na,Guanin say\u0131s\u0131 Sitozin say\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fittir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Adenin ile Timin aras\u0131nda iki,Guanin ile Sitozin aras\u0131nda ise \u00fc\u00e7 tane zay\u0131f hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 Kendini tek tarafl\u0131 olarak e\u015fleyebilir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Genlerdeki de\u011fi\u015fmeye mutasyon denir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Mitekondri ,kloroplast ,\u00e7ekirdek ,\u00e7ekirdek yoksa sitoplazmada bulunabilir.Ancak kloroplast ve mitekondrideki DNA\u2019lar kal\u0131t\u0131m materyali say\u0131lmazlar,bunlar e\u015flenirken \u00e7ekirdek DNA\u2019s\u0131na<br \/>\n ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131rlar.<br \/>\n \u2022 DNA tabiatta kendini e\u015fleyerek benzerini yapabilen tek molek\u00fcld\u00fcr.<br \/>\n \u2022 DNA sentezi s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan su say\u0131s\u0131 (n;n\u00fckleotit say\u0131s\u0131 olmak \u00fczere) 3n-2 tanedir.<\/p>\n<p> A) DNA\u2019NIN E\u015eLENMES\u0130 (Replikasyon-Duplikasyon)<br \/>\n \u2022 DNA kendini yar\u0131 korunumlu olarak e\u015fler.<br \/>\n \u2022 Bu olaylar h\u00fccre b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinin interfaz safhas\u0131nda meydana gelir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Replikasyonda g\u00f6rev alan enzim DNA polimeraz enzimidir.<br \/>\n \u2022 DNA\u2019n\u0131n kendini bu \u015fekilde yar\u0131 korunumlu olarak e\u015flemesine seminkonservatif e\u015flenme denir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Bir h\u00fccrede DNA\u2019n\u0131n e\u015flenmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 h\u00fccrenin mutlaka b\u00f6l\u00fcnece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<br \/>\n \u2022 E\u011fer DNA bir ucundan de\u011fil de orta k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rsa protein sentezi i\u00e7in \u015fifre verecek<br \/>\n demektir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Sonu\u00e7ta; olu\u015fan DNA\u2019lar ayn\u0131 genetik bilgiyi ta\u015f\u0131r,h\u00fccre say\u0131s\u0131 artar,canl\u0131larda b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve \u00fcreme olur, \u00fcremeyle karakterler yavrulara aktar\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 DNA\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6revi canl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi sa\u011flamak ,h\u00fccreyi y\u00f6netmek ,replikasyon ile<br \/>\n canl\u0131larda b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve kal\u0131tsal karakterlerin aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak,trankripsiyon ile de RNA<br \/>\n sentezini yapmakt\u0131r <\/p>\n<p> 2) R\u0130BON\u00dcKLE\u0130KAS\u0130T(RNA)<br \/>\n \u2022 Tek zincirlidir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Riboz \u015fekeri bulunur.<br \/>\n \u2022 N\u00fckleotitleri A,U,G,S\u2019dir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Kendini e\u015fleyemez.DNA\u2019dan sentezlenir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Mitekondri,kloroplast,\u00e7ekirdek ve sitoplazmada bulunabilir.<br \/>\n \u2022 3 \u00e7e\u015fittir ve hepsi de protein sentezinde g\u00f6revlidir.Hepsi de \u00e7ekirdekte \u00fcretilir ve hepsi de tekrar tekrar kullan\u0131labilir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Riboz \u015fekeri bulunduran Adenin n\u00fckleotidi RNA\u2019dan ba\u015fka ATP,NAD,NADP ve FAD gibi molek\u00fcllerinde bulunur.<br \/>\n \u2022 Baz\u0131 vir\u00fcslerde sadece RNA bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in bunlarda RNA kal\u0131tsal g\u00f6revi \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir,yani kendini e\u015fleyebilir.<br \/>\n \u2022 RNA\u2019n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131nda protein yoktur.<br \/>\n \u2022 RNA\u2019lar\u0131n DNA \u00fczerinden sentezine transkripsiyon (yaz\u0131lma) denir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Bu olay DNA\u2019n\u0131n tek zincirinden olur.<br \/>\n \u2022 Bu olayda g\u00f6revli enzim RNA polimeraz enzimidir.<br \/>\n \u2022 RNA\u2019ya \u015fifre veren DNA par\u00e7as\u0131na gen denir.(\u015eekil-2)<\/p>\n<p> A) mRNA (El\u00e7i RNA = Mesajc\u0131 RNA)<br \/>\n \u2022 DNA\u2019dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgiyi ribozoma ta\u015f\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 Ribozom birimlerini aktifle\u015ftirir ve protein sentezine kal\u0131pl\u0131k yapar.<br \/>\n \u2022 Her protein \u00e7e\u015fidi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir mRNA sentezlenir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Bir mRNA ayn\u0131 proteinin sentezinde \u00e7ok defa kullan\u0131labilir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Yeterli protein sentezlendikten sonra mRNA y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 mRNA d\u00fcz bir zincir bi\u00e7iminde olup h\u00fccredeki RNA\u2019lar\u0131n en az oranda bulunan\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 mRNA\u2019 daki \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc n\u00fckleotit grubuna kodon denir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Her kodon bir tRNA ve bir aminoasiti belirler.<br \/>\n \u2022 4.4.4=64 \u00e7e\u015fit kodon vard\u0131r.Bunlardan biri ba\u015flama kodonu (AUG);\u00fc\u00e7 tanesi de (UAG-UGA-UAA) biti\u015f kodonudur.Biti\u015f kodonlar\u0131n\u0131n aminoasiti yoktur.<\/p>\n<p> B) tRNA (Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 RNA)<br \/>\n \u2022 Sitoplazmadaki aminoasitleri mRNA\u2019 daki \u015fifreye g\u00f6re ribozoma g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr.<br \/>\n \u2022 tRNA\u2019 daki \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc n\u00fckleotit grubuna antikodon denir.Maksimum 64 \u00e7e\u015fit antikodon olmas\u0131<br \/>\n gerekirken 61 \u00e7e\u015fit antikodon vard\u0131r.Bunun sebebi ise biti\u015f kodonlar\u0131n\u0131n aminoasitlerinin<br \/>\n olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 D\u00fcz zincirli de\u011fildir.Belli b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00e7iftler olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\n C) rRNA (Ribozomal RNA)<br \/>\n \u2022 Proteinlerle birlikte ribozomun yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<br \/>\n \u2022 D\u00fcz zincirlidir.<br \/>\n \u2022 H\u00fccredeki RNA\u2019lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu rRNA\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> DNA RNA<br \/>\n 1. \u00c7ekirdek,mitekondri ve kloroplastta bulunur. 1. \u00c7ekirdek ,\u00e7ekirdek\u00e7ik,mitekondri ve kloroplastta bulunur.<br \/>\n 2. Deoksiriboz \u015fekeri bulunur. 2. Riboz \u015fekeri bulunur.<br \/>\n 3. N\u00fckleotitleri A,T,G,S\u2019dir. 3. N\u00fckleotitleri A,U,G,S\u2019dir.<br \/>\n 4. Kal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flar.Protein sentezine emir verir. 4. Protein sentezinde g\u00f6revi vard\u0131r.<br \/>\n 5. \u00c7ift zincirlidir. 5. Tek zincirlidir.<br \/>\n 6. Hidroliz enzimi DNAaz enzimidir. 6. Hidroliz enzimi RNAaz enzimidir.<br \/>\n 7. Kendini e\u015fleyebilir. 7. Kendini e\u015fleyemez.<br \/>\n 8. Sentezinde DNA polimeraz enzimi g\u00f6revlidir. 8. Sentezinde RNA polimeraz enzimi g\u00f6revlidir.<br \/>\n 9. Y\u00f6neticidir. <\/p>\n<p> PROTE\u0130N SENTEZ\u0130 VE ENZ\u0130MLER<br \/>\n \u2022 B\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131 h\u00fccrelerde meydana gelen en \u00f6nemli \u00f6z\u00fcmleme olay\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 Aminoasitlerin ribozomlarda birle\u015ftirilerek protein yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 Bir a.a da aminoasit ve radikal grup bulunur.<br \/>\n \u2022 20 \u00e7e\u015fit a.a vard\u0131r.Aminoasitlerde \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi radikal grub belirler.<br \/>\n \u2022 Aminoasitler birbirlerine peptit ba\u011flar\u0131yla ba\u011flan\u0131rlar.<br \/>\n \u2022 \u0130ki a.asitin birle\u015fmesine dipeptit denir.<br \/>\n \u2022 aa + aa + aa + aa + aa + &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. + aa PROTE\u0130N + (n-1)H2O<\/p>\n<p> PROTE\u0130N SENTEZ\u0130 MEKAN\u0130ZMASI<br \/>\n 1) \u00c7ekirdekte,DNA&#8217;n\u0131n anlaml\u0131 zincirinden mRNA sentezlenir.Buna transkripsiyon denir.Bu i\u015fte RNA polimeraz enzimi g\u00f6revlidir.<br \/>\n 2) mRNA ribozomun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alt birimine ba\u011flan\u0131r.B\u00fcy\u00fck alt birim ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alt birim birle\u015fir ve ribozomlar aktif hale ge\u00e7erler.<br \/>\n 3) mRNA&#8217; daki kodonlar ribozom taraf\u0131ndan okunur.Buna translasyon denir.<br \/>\n 4) mRNA&#8217; daki kodonlara g\u00f6re, ATP ve enzimlerle aktifle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan tRNA&#8217; lar kendilerine ait a.a&#8217;leri ribozoma ta\u015f\u0131rlar.<br \/>\n 5) Protein sentezine ba\u015flama sinyalini AUG kodonu verir.<br \/>\n 6) Ribozoma gelen a.a&#8217;ler birbirlerine peptit ba\u011flar\u0131yla ba\u011flan\u0131rlar.<br \/>\n 7) Protein sentezini UAG,UGA ve UAA kodonlar\u0131 durdurur.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kodonlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen a.a yoktur.<\/p>\n<p> \u2022 Bir mRNA \u00fczerine birden fazla ribozomun ba\u011flanmas\u0131 ve mRNA&#8217; n\u0131n okunmas\u0131 olay\u0131na polizom denir.E\u011fer sentez h\u0131zl\u0131 yap\u0131lacaksa polizom yoluyla sentez yap\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 Polizomlar protein b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini etkilemez.<br \/>\n \u2022 Proteinlerde \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi :<br \/>\n 1) a.a s\u0131ra,say\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fidi 2) tRNA s\u0131ra,say\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fidi 3) mRNA s\u0131ra,say\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fidi<br \/>\n 4) Gen s\u0131ra,say\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fidi 5) N\u00fckleotit s\u0131ra,say\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fidi sa\u011flar<br \/>\n \u2022 DNA(n\u00fckleotit) mRNA(kodon) tRNA(antikodon) a.a su peptit ba\u011f\u0131<br \/>\n 3N N N N (N-1) (N-1)<br \/>\n \u2022 Su ve peptit ba\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6stermez.Ancak say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p> SANTRAL DO\u011eMA<br \/>\n E\u015flenme Yaz\u0131lma Okunma<br \/>\n H\u00dcCREN\u0130N YAPISI<br \/>\n DNA mRNA R\u0130BOZOM PROTE\u0130N ENZ\u0130M YAPISI<\/p>\n<p> Replikasyon Transkripsiyon Translasyon HORMONLAR<\/p>\n<p> ENZ\u0130MLER<br \/>\n \u2022 Biyolojik kataliz\u00f6rlerdir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Kataliz\u00f6rler &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-Reaksiyonlar\u0131 ba\u015flatmazlar.<br \/>\n &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;Reaksiyonlar\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131rlar.<br \/>\n &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;Reaksiyonlardan etkilenmeden \u00e7\u0131karlar.<br \/>\n &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;Aktivasyon enerjisini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcrler.<br \/>\n \u2022 Aktivasyon enerjisi de reaksiyonlar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan enerjidir.<\/p>\n<p> A+B C A+B+E C+E<br \/>\n &#8212;&#8212;&#8211; &#8212;-<br \/>\n Substrat \u00dcr\u00fcn<br \/>\n \u2022 Yap\u0131 olarak iki k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p> 1)PROTE\u0130N KISIM<br \/>\n \u2022 Proteindir.B\u00fcy\u00fck olan k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r.Apoenzim de denir<br \/>\n \u2022 Reaksiyon tipini belirler.<br \/>\n \u2022 Enzim sadece protein k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fuyorsa buna basit enzim denir.<br \/>\n \u2022 S\u0131cakl\u0131ktan etkilenen k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> 2)PROTE\u0130N OLMAYAN KISIM<br \/>\n \u2022 Vitamin,mineral veya n\u00fckleik asit olabilir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Reaksiyonu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Vitamin ise koenzim,mineral ise kofakt\u00f6r denir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Apoenzim + Koenzim(yada kofakt\u00f6r) = Bile\u015fik enzim(Holo enzim)<br \/>\n \u2022 Enzimler anahtar-kilit modeli ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.Yani her reaksiyonu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren bir enzim \u00e7e\u015fidi,her enziminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir reaksiyon vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> ENZ\u0130MLER\u0130N \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<br \/>\n \u2022 Aktivasyon enerjisini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcrler.<br \/>\n \u2022 Reaksiyonlar\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 Protein yap\u0131da olduklar\u0131ndan genlerin kontrol\u00fcnde sentezlenir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Hem h\u00fccre i\u00e7inde,hem de h\u00fccre d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda etkilidirler.<br \/>\n \u2022 Reaksiyonlardan etkilenmeden \u00e7\u0131kar ve tekrar tekrar kullan\u0131labilirler.<br \/>\n \u2022 Etkilerini maddelerin d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyinden ba\u015flat\u0131rlar.Substrat y\u00fczeyi artt\u0131k\u00e7a enzimin etkinli\u011fi artar.<br \/>\n \u2022 Bir enzim yaln\u0131z bir \u00e7e\u015fit reaksiyona kat\u0131labilir.<br \/>\n \u2022 Mutlaka h\u00fccrede yap\u0131l\u0131rlar.<br \/>\n \u2022 Ya ba\u011f olu\u015ftururlar,yada ba\u011f kopar\u0131rlar.<br \/>\n \u2022 \u00c7o\u011fu enzim \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 Enzimler s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve pH de\u011fi\u015fiminden etkilenirler.<\/p>\n<p> ENZ\u0130M REAKS\u0130YONLARINI ETK\u0130LEYEN FAKT\u00d6RLER<\/p>\n<p> 1) SICAKLIK:<br \/>\n \u2022 S\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a reaksiyon h\u0131zlan\u0131r.<br \/>\n \u2022 En iyi optimum s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<br \/>\n \u2022 S\u0131cakl\u0131k daha da artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa reaksiyon yava\u015flar ve durur.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc proteinler bozulmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\n NOT:S\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftik\u00e7e bir \u015feyler de\u011fi\u015fiyorsa cevap ya enzimdir yada proteindir.<\/p>\n<p> 2) ENZ\u0130M M\u0130KTARI <\/p>\n<p> 3) SUBSTRAT M\u0130KTARI<\/p>\n<p> 4) pH<br \/>\n \u2022 Her enzimin en iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir pH de\u011feri vard\u0131r.Bu de\u011ferden sapt\u0131k\u00e7a reaksiyon<br \/>\n yava\u015flar.<br \/>\n \u2022 Enzimler genelde n\u00f6tr ortamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p> 5) Y\u00dcZEY M\u0130KTARI<br \/>\n \u2022 Y\u00fczey miktar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a enzimin etkisi artaca\u011f\u0131ndan reaksiyon h\u0131zlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> 6) \u0130NH\u0130B\u0130T\u00d6RLER<br \/>\n \u2022 Enzimin aktif b\u00f6lgesini kapatarak reaksiyonlar\u0131 yava\u015flat\u0131r ve durdurur.<br \/>\n \u2022 Zehirler,Pb,Cu,Sn,CO,CN,&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p> 7) AKT\u0130V\u0130T\u00d6RLER<br \/>\n \u2022 Enzimlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131rlar.Etkisi substrat\u0131 reaksiyon ortam\u0131na getirmek yada \u00fcr\u00fcnleri reaksiyon ortam\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak g\u00f6rev yapar.<br \/>\n \u2022 Mg,Cl,Na,Fe&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2022 Bu molek\u00fcller ilk defa Friderich Miescher taraf\u0131ndan bal\u0131k spermi ve akyuvar \u00e7ekirde\u011finde tespit edilmi\u015ftir.En \u00e7ok \u00e7ekirdekte bulunduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in n\u00fckleik asitler(\u00e7ekirdek asitleri) diye isimlendirilmi\u015ftir. \u2022 Asidik \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptirler.H\u00fccre y\u00f6netiminden sorumludurlar. \u2022 DNA ve RNA olmak \u00fczere 2 tiptir.Bunlar h\u00fccrenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck dev molek\u00fcllerdir. \u2022 N\u00fckleotitlerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.Onun i\u00e7in DNA ve RNA birer polin\u00fckleotidtir. Azotlu Organik Baz &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2474,8552,2532,5612,2288,8553,3809,2503,8551,2477,2465,3353,2281,2499,5848,2502,8554,2289,8555,2476,7931,2475,5968,6211],"class_list":["post-3744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-adenin","tag-azotlu-organik-baz","tag-cekirdek","tag-deoksiriboz","tag-dna","tag-duplikasyon","tag-fosfat","tag-fosforik-asit","tag-friderich-miescher","tag-guanin","tag-kloroplast","tag-mitekondri","tag-nukleik-asitler","tag-protein-sentezi","tag-replikasyon","tag-riboz","tag-ribozomal-rna","tag-rna","tag-rna-polimeraz-enzimi","tag-sitozin","tag-tasiyici-rna","tag-timin","tag-transkripsiyon","tag-urasil"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3744","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3744"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3744\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}