\u0130nsanlarda iyi geli\u015fmi\u015f bir kapal\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi vard\u0131r. Bu sistem, kalp, atar damarlar, toplardamarlar ve k\u0131lcal damarlardan meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Kan bu sistem i\u00e7inde v\u00fccudun en u\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki h\u00fccre ve dokulara kadar ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1.Kalbin Yap\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131
\nKalp, insan\u0131n g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs bo\u015flu\u011funda iki akci\u011ferin aras\u0131nda ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kemi\u011finin hemen arkas\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Taban\u0131 \u00fcstte, tepesi altta ve ucu sola d\u00f6n\u00fck olan bir koni \u015feklindedir. Ergin kad\u0131nda ortalama 230-280 gr. Erkekte ise 280-340 gr. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ya\u015f ilerledik\u00e7e kalbin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc artar.
\nKalp, \u00fcstte bir kulak\u00e7\u0131k, altta iki kar\u0131nc\u0131k olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt odac\u0131kt\u0131r. Ortadan tam bir perde ile sa\u011f ve sol b\u00f6l\u00fcm olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sa\u011f b\u00f6l\u00fcmde sa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131k ve kar\u0131nc\u0131k bulunur. Bu iki odac\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kapak\u00e7\u0131kla birbirini a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Sa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00fcst ana toplar damar ile ana toplar damar ba\u011flan\u0131r. Sa\u011f kar\u0131nc\u0131ktan ise akci\u011fer atar damar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar.
\nKal bi n sol b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, sol kulak\u00e7\u0131k ve sol kar\u0131nc\u0131ktan meydana gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130ki odac\u0131k aras\u0131nda ikili kapak\u00e7\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131yan bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k vard\u0131r. Sal kar\u0131nc\u0131ktan kalbin en b\u00fcy\u00fck damarlar\u0131ndan biri olan aort atardamar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Sol kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011fa ise akci\u011fer toplardamarlar\u0131 ba\u011flarnr.
\nKal bi n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, kalp kas\u0131n\u0131n kas\u0131l\u0131p ve gev\u015femesi ile olur. Kulak\u00e7\u0131k ve kar\u0131nc\u0131klar\u0131n kas\u0131l\u0131p gev\u015femesi kan\u0131n hareketi i\u00e7in itici bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturur. Kulak\u00e7\u0131k ve kar\u0131nc\u0131klar\u0131n kas\u0131l\u0131p gev\u015femesi birbirine z\u0131tt\u0131r, yani kulak\u00e7\u0131klar kas\u0131l\u0131rken kar\u0131nc\u0131klar gev\u015feme durumuna ge\u00e7er. Kabin her odac\u0131\u011f\u0131 kas\u0131lma s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u00e7indeki kan\u0131 pompalar. Gev\u015feme an\u0131nda ise kanla dolar.
\nKulak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n gev\u015feme s\u0131ras\u0131nda, toplar damarlarla gelen kan b\u00fct\u00fcn kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011fa dolar. Kan\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile kulak\u00e7\u0131k ve kar\u0131nc\u0131klar aras\u0131ndaki kapaklar, kar\u0131nc\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve kan pasif \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak kar\u0131nc\u0131klara akm aya ba\u015flar. Hemen sonra, kulak\u00e7\u0131k kas\u0131lma durumuna ge\u00e7erek i\u00e7indeki kan\u0131 tamamen kar\u0131nc\u0131klara bo\u015falt\u0131r.
\nKanla dolan kar\u0131nc\u0131klar kas\u0131larak, i\u00e7indeki kan\u0131 kalbin \u00fcst b\u00f6lgesine do\u011fru pompalar. Bu esnada kulak\u00e7\u0131klar ile kar\u0131nc\u0131klar aras\u0131ndaki kapak\u00e7\u0131klar kapan\u0131r,atar damarlar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda ki kapaklar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece kar\u0131nc\u0131klardaki s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan kan kulak\u00e7\u0131klara geri d\u00f6nmeden atar damarlara ge\u00e7er. Kulak\u00e7\u0131klar da yeniden gev\u015feme durumuna alarak kanla dolmaya haz\u0131r hale gelir. Her kalp at\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir kas\u0131lma ile bir gev\u015femeden ibarettir. Her bir kalp at\u0131\u015f\u0131 0,85 sn s\u00fcrer. Bunun 0,15 sn kulak\u00e7\u0131klar, 0,30 kar\u0131nc\u0131klar kas\u0131l\u0131r. Geri kalan 0,40 sn s\u00fcre de ise kalp dinlenir. Her kalp at\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile kalpten 70 ml kan damarlara pompalan\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir insanda kalp at\u0131\u015f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 dk. 70 kadard\u0131r.
\nKalp at\u0131 \u015f\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131, sadece kalbIn kendi \u00f6zelli\u011finden gelen etkilerle de\u011fil; ayr\u0131ca sinirler, hormonlar ve s\u0131cakl\u0131klarla da de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n
2.Kan Damarlar\u0131n\u0131n Yap\u0131s\u0131 ve Ozellikleri
\n\u0130nsanda dola\u015f\u0131m sisteminde atar damarlar, toplardamarlar ve k\u0131lcal damarlar olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131r.
\na)Atar Damarlar:
\nKan\u0131 kalpten di\u011fer organlara ta\u015f\u0131yan damard\u0131r. Kalbin kar\u0131nc\u0131klar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan damarlara, aort ve akci\u011fer atar damar\u0131 denir.
\nAtar damarlar\u0131n duvarlar\u0131 esnek ve sa\u011flamd\u0131r. Aort atar damar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a kal\u0131n duvarlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Duvarlar\u0131 kal\u0131n olan bu damarlar\u0131n esneklikleride fazlad\u0131r. Bu esneklik kan\u0131n hareketini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Akci\u011fer atar damar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler oks~ence zengin temiz kan\u0131 v\u00fccuda ta\u015f\u0131r. Akci\u011fer atar damar\u0131 ise karbondioksiti fazla olan kirli kan\u0131 temizlenmek \u00fczere akci\u011ferlere ta\u015f\u0131r.
\nb) Toplar Damarlar:
\nV\u00fccutta toplanan kan\u0131 kalbin kulak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na getiren damarlard\u0131r. Kalbe ba\u011flananlar\u0131, akci\u011fer toplar damarl ar\u0131 ile alt ve \u00fcst ana toplar damarlar\u0131d\u0131r. V\u00fccudun alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki toplar damarlarda, \u00fcste do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131lan tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc kapak\u00e7\u0131klar bulunur. Bu kapak\u00e7\u0131klar kan\u0131n yer \u00e7ekimi etkisi ile geri d\u00f6nmesini engelleyerek kalbe do\u011fru hareketini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Akci\u011fer toplar damar\u0131 hari\u00e7 hepsi karbondioksit miktar\u0131 fazla olan kirli kan ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Akci\u011fer toplar damarlar\u0131 ise akci\u011ferlerde temizlenen kan\u0131 kalbin sol kulac\u0131 \u011f\u0131na getirir.
\nc)K\u0131lcal Damarlar:
\nAtar damarlarla, toplar damarlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flarlar. K\u0131lcal da\u0131narlar\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olup, dokular aras\u0131nda geni\u015f bir y\u00fczey olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde dallanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Kan ile doku h\u00fccreleri aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn madde (besin, gaz ve metopolizma)al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi k\u0131lcal damarlarla olur.
\n3.Kan\u0131n Yap\u0131s\u0131 ve G\u00f6revleri
\nKan, plazma denilen bir s\u0131v\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131m (%55) ile plazma h\u00fccrelerinden (545) meydana gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsanda alyuvar(eritrosit), akyuvar (l\u00f6kosit) ve kan pul\u00e7ukl ar\u0131 ( \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fittir.
\ni\u00e7inde y\u00fczen kan kan h\u00fccreleri;
\nfrombosit) olmak
\na)Alyuvarlar:
\nPlazmada en fazla bulunan, ortas\u0131 \u00e7ukur, \u00e7ekirdeksiz h\u00fccrelerdir. 1 mm3 kanda kad\u0131nlarda 4.5 milyon ve erkeklerde 5.5 milyon civar\u0131nda alyuvar bulunur. Bu say\u0131 yap\u0131lan i\u015fe, bireyin ya\u015f\u0131na ve atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilir. En \u00e7ok kemik ili\u011finde, gerekti\u011finde karaci\u011fer ve dalakta \u00fcretilebilir. karaci\u011fer ve dalak ya\u015fl\u0131 alyuvarlar\u0131 da par\u00e7alar. Yap\u0131lar\u0131nda oks\u011fen ve karbondioksit ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapan hemoglobin bulunur. Her alyuvarda yakla\u015f\u0131k 280 milyon hemoglobin bulunur. Hemoglobin sadece kana ve alyuvarlara k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir renk vermekle kalmaz, ayr\u0131ca di\u011fer \u00f6zel proteinlerle birlikte kan ve v\u00fccutta s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n asit baz dengesini kurar. Alyuvarlar, kan grubu ant\u0131jenkrini de bulundururlar.
\nAlyuvarlar yap\u0131s\u0131nda bulundurduklar\u0131 hemoglobin sayesinde solunum gazlar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Alyuvarlar di\u011fer hayvan guruplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda \u00e7eki rdeklidir. Memelilerde ise kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na girmeden \u00f6nce hemoglobin sentezlerler sonra \u00e7eki rdeklerini ve mikondirilerini ve atarak olgunla\u015f\u0131rlar.
\nb)Akyuvarlar:
\nBelirli \u015fekilleri olmayan, \u00e7ekirdekli, beyaz kan h\u00fccre leridir. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kemik ili\u011finde, lenf d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerinde ve lenfoid organlarda \u00fcretilirler. 1 mm3 kanda ortalama 7.000 kadar bulunurlar. Herhangi bir hastal\u0131k an\u0131nda kandaki say\u0131lar\u0131 artar. Sitoplazmalar\u0131n\u0131n da tanecikleri (gran\u00fcller) bulunup bulunmamas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli akyuvarlar ay\u0131rt edilir. Gran\u00fcls\u00fcz olanlar lenfosit ve monositlerdir. Gran\u00fcll\u00fc olanlar ise n\u00f6trofiler, eozinofiller ve bazofihlerdir. Akyuvarlar, amip gibi aktif hareketli h\u00fccrelerdir. Hastal\u0131k yap\u0131c\u0131 bakterilere kar\u015f\u0131 v\u00fccudu korurlar. \u00d6zellikle lenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinde mikroplar\u0131 fagositozla yutarlar. Hatta baz\u0131 akyuvarlar am\u0131psi hareketlerle k\u0131lcal damarlardan \u00e7\u0131karak doku aralar\u0131na da girerek ayn\u0131 i\u015fi yaparlar.
\ne) Kan pulcuklar\u0131
\nGer\u00e7ek h\u00fccreler de\u011fildir. Renksiz ve \u00e7ekirdeksiz olup, kemi\u011fin ili\u011finin b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u00fccrelerinden kopan par\u00e7ac\u0131klard\u0131r. 1 mm3 kanda ortalama 300 bin kadar bulunur. Kan\u0131n p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u00f6zel bir protein olu\u015ftururlar.
\nd)Kan plazmas\u0131:
\nK an\u0131n %55 \u2018ini olu\u015fturan s\u0131v\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r. Plazma v\u00fccudun \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri aras\u0131nda madde ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve madde ge\u00e7i\u015fine yard\u0131m eden hafif bazik (PH ~7,4) bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. Plazman\u0131n bile \u015fiminde %90-92su,%7-8 kan protein\/eri bulunur. Geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fkendir. Bu k\u0131s\u0131m i\u00e7inde hormonlar , antikorlar , besin monomerleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck molek\u00fcll\u00fc besin\/er, vitaminler, madensel tuzlar ve azotlu art\u0131klar yer al\u0131r.
\n4.Insanda Kan Dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131
\nDola\u015f\u0131m sistemi , kandaki amino asitleri, ya\u011f asitleri , glikoz gibi besleyici maddeleri ve oks yeni v\u00fccut dokular\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr .metopolizma sonucu dokularda meydana gelen art\u0131k maddelerde, h\u00fccre\/erden kana ge\u00e7erek bo\u015falt\u0131m organ\/anna ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi ile sadece besleyici madde oks yen ve metopolizma at\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz. Ayr\u0131ca i\u00e7 salg\u0131 bez\/erinin salg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hormonlar da kanla, ilgili organlara ula \u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, kan dola\u015f\u0131m \u0131m\u0131 ile v\u00fccudun \u00e7e\u015fitli faaliyetlerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve d\u00fczenlenmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olur.
\n\u0130nsanda kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sistemlerde kirli ve temiz kan ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 dola \u015f\u0131r.
\na) B\u00fcy\u00fck Kan Dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131:
\nSol kar\u0131nc\u0131ktan ba\u015flar, sa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131kta sona erer. Kar\u0131nc\u0131klar\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131
\nile sol kar\u0131nc\u0131ktaki temiz kan sol kar\u0131nc\u0131ktan aorta pompalan\u0131r. Aort damar\u0131, sola do\u011fru bir yay \u00e7izerek ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dcste giden damar ba\u015f ve kollara ,alta ayr\u0131lan damar\/arda bir \u00e7ok yan damar\/ana mide, pankreas ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak\/an gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7 organ\/ara ve bacak\/ara yay\u0131\/\u0131r. Doku ve organlara ula\u015fan bu damarlar, \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u0131lcal damar\/ara dal\/an ir.
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn madde al\u0131 \u015f-veri\u015fi, bu k\u0131lcallarda akan kan ile doku h\u00fccresi aras\u0131nda olur. \u00d6zellikle temiz kandaki oks yen dokulara, karbondioksit ise doku\/ardan kana ge\u00e7er. Kirlenen kan, k\u0131lcallardan top\/ar damar\/ara ile tilir. V\u00fccudun alt b\u00f6lgesinden toplanan kan damar\/ar\u0131 alt ana top\/an damarda, \u00fcst b\u00f6lgesinde toplanan\/an da \u00fcst ana toplar damar\/arda bir\/e \u015fir. Kirli kan bu iki damarla kalbin sa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\nb) K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kan Dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131:
\nSa\u011f kan\u0131nczktan ba\u015flar, sol kan\u0131nc\u0131kta sona eren. B\u00fcy\u00fck kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile sa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011fa dolan kirli kan buradan sa\u011f kar\u0131nc\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7er ve kan\u0131nc\u0131k\/ar\u0131n kas\u0131ln\u0131as\u0131 ile kirli kan sa\u011f kan\u0131nc\u0131ktan akci\u011fer atar damarlar\u0131na pompalar. Akci\u011fer atar damar\u0131 kalpten \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra ikiye ayr\u0131larak sa\u011f ve sol akci\u011ferlere kollar g\u00f6nderi\/ir. Akci\u011ferleri giren bu damarlar alveo\/\/enin \u00e7eperinde k\u0131\/cal\/ara ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Burada kirli kandaki karbondioksit alveollere, alveollerdeki oks yen ise kana ge\u00e7er. Temizlenen kan, her 4.akci\u011ferden iki\u015fer tane olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt akci\u011fer top\/an damar\u0131 ile ka\/bin sol u\/ak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n
5.Doku S\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 ve Lenf Sistemi
\nDoku s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 kan plazmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131\/callardan, doku h\u00fccreleri aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluk\/ara kontroll\u00fc olarak s\u0131zmas\u0131 ile meydana gelir. Bu s\u0131v\u0131da k\u0131lcall\/an\u0131n duvan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ebi\/en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck molek\u00fcll\u00fc protein\/er, glikoz, amino asit gibi besin\/en ve sodyum, k\/on gibi \u0131yonlar bulunur. Doku s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131, az miktarda olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, v\u00fccutta geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131\/m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fccreler her t\u00fcrl\u00fc madde al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015fini bu s\u0131v\u0131 ile yaparlar.
\nK\u0131\/callan\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 do\u011fru s\u0131v\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, fazla oldu\u011fundan p\/azma protein\/erin yakla\u015f\u0131k %4 bir saatte doku s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7er. Bu kayb\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in doku s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7en fazla plazma, ikinci bir ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemi olan \/enf sistemi ile tekrar kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na d\u00f6ner.
\nLenf Sistemi:
\nLenf sistemi, lenf damar\/ar\u0131, lenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleni, lenf k\u0131\/ca\/lan\u0131 ve lenfoit organ\/andan meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Lenf damar\/ar\u0131y\/a ta\u015f\u0131nan ve i\u00e7inde akyuvanlar bulunan doku s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131na lenf denir. Bu s\u0131v\u0131da alyuvar yoktur. Kan damarlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ince duyarl\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \/enf damar\/ar\u0131, dokular aras\u0131ndaki alanlara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan kapal\u0131 u\u00e7lu lenf k\u0131lca\/lana kolayca ge\u00e7er. Doku s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7irgen olan bu k\u0131lcallana kolayca ge\u00e7ebilir. Lenf k\u0131\/ca\/lan\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck lenf damarlar\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131r. Bu damar\/an, t\u0131pk\u0131 top\/an damar\/arda oldu\u011fu gibi, kan\u0131n geriye ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen tek y\u00f6n\/\u00fc kapak\u00e7\u0131klara sahiptir. Lenf s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hareketi kan\u0131n hareketine g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a yava\u015ft\u0131n. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \/enfe bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapan \u00f6zel bir kalp ve atar damar yoktur. Lenf s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hareketi ka\/bin negat~\/ emme bac\u0131nc\u0131 ile iske\/et kaslar\u0131n lenfdamanlan\u0131rn s\u0131k\u0131 \u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131yla sa\u011flan\u0131r.
\nLenf D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri
\nLenfd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleni, lenfdamlanlan\u0131rnn dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi ile birle\u015fti\u011fi yerlerde bu\/unan \u00f6zel h\u00fccre k\u00fcmelenidin. Bu yap\u0131larda lenfosit ad\u0131 verilen akyuvarlar meydana gelir. Lenf s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131, lenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleninin dar ve k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 kana\/\/an\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erken, i\u00e7inde bu\/unan bakteri\/eri burada b\u0131rak\u0131r ve bakteri\/er lenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleninde \u015fi\u015fme meydana gelir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, i\/tihabik durumlarda bademciklerin \u015fi\u015fmesi gibidir.
\n6.Ka\u0131\u0131 ve H\u00fccreler Aras\u0131nda S\u0131v\u0131 Al\u0131\u015f Veri\u015fi
\nV\u00fccut h\u00fccre\/eri,, doku s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir ortamda ya\u015far\/an. Kan ile h\u00fccreler aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131v\u0131 al\u0131\u015f veni\u015fi bu ortam arac\u0131yla ile olur. Atar damarlar\u0131n k\u0131lca\/ damarlar\u0131nda birle\u015fti\u011fi yerlerde kan bas \u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in damar\/arda bulunan besin\/er, oks\u00dcen ve hormonlar d~f\u00fczyonla doku s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131na, oradan da h\u00fccrelere da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r\/an.<\/p>\n
DOLA\u015eIM S\u0130STEM\u0130N\u0130N SA\u011eLI\u011eI<\/p>\n
V\u00fccudum uzda bu\/unan b\u00fct\u00fcn sistemlerin canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcreb ilmesi dola\u015f\u0131m sistem in sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu sistemin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131, di\u011fer sistem\/erin ihtiyac\u0131 olan maddelerin onlara iletilmesini ve art\u0131k \u00fcn\u00fc\/erin inde uzak\/a\u015ft\u0131n\u0131\/mas\u0131n \u0131 sa\u011f\/an.
\nDola\u015f\u0131m sisteminin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in;<\/p>\n
\u2022 D\u00fczenli olarak ya\u015f\u0131m\u0131za uygun spor yapmal\u0131y\u0131z.
\n\u2022 Fazla ya\u011fl\u0131 ve ni\u015fastal\u0131 yiyeceklerden ka\u00e7\u0131nma\/\u0131y\u0131z.
\n\u2022 Alkol, sigara, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7ay ve kahve gibi i\u00e7eceklerin kalp ve damar sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar verdi\u011fini unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z.
\n\u2022 V\u00fccudumuzdaki kesik ve yaralar\u0131 zaman\u0131nda tedavi etme ii, fazla kan kayb\u0131na izin vermemeliyiz.
\n\u2022 AIDS,san\u0131\/\u0131k gibi kanla bu\/a\u015fabi\/en hastal\u0131k\/an oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in temiz ve kan nakli yap t\u0131rmaya dikkat etmeliyiz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130nsanlarda iyi geli\u015fmi\u015f bir kapal\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi vard\u0131r. Bu sistem, kalp, atar damarlar, toplardamarlar ve k\u0131lcal damarlardan meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Kan bu sistem i\u00e7inde v\u00fccudun en u\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki h\u00fccre ve dokulara kadar ula\u015f\u0131r. 1.Kalbin Yap\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Kalp, insan\u0131n g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs bo\u015flu\u011funda iki akci\u011ferin aras\u0131nda ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kemi\u011finin hemen arkas\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Taban\u0131 \u00fcstte, tepesi altta ve …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2461,6010,8590,5749,8584,8585,8586,8589,8406,8587,7664,8588,6011],"class_list":["post-3760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-akyuvarlar","tag-atar-damarlar","tag-buyuk-kan-dolasimi","tag-eritrosit","tag-insanda-dolasim-sistemi","tag-kalbin-yapisi-ve-calismasi","tag-kan-damarlarinin-yapisi-ve-ozellikleri","tag-kan-plazmasi","tag-kan-pulcuklari","tag-kanin-yapisi-ve-gorevleri","tag-lenf-sistemi","tag-lokosit","tag-toplar-damarlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3760"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3760\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}