Duyu Organlar\u0131: D\u0131\u015fardan gelen uyanlar\u0131 al\u0131r. \u00c7ok say\u0131da resept\u00f6r bulunur. Be\u015f \u00e7e\u015fittir. <\/p>\n
1-G\u00d6Z
\n I\u015f\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015ftir. I\u015f\u0131k uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 alarak g\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flar. G\u00f6z, g\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flayan yap\u0131lar ve bunlar\u0131 koruyan yard\u0131mc\u0131 yap\u0131lardan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. G\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flayan yap\u0131lar \u0131\u015f\u0131k alma\u00e7\u00aclar\u0131 (resept\u00f6rler), g\u00f6z merce\u011fi ve sinirlerdir. Koruyucu yap\u0131la\u00acr\u0131 ise; ka\u015flar, g\u00f6z kapaklan, kirpikler, g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 bezleri, ya\u011f bez\u00acleri ve kaslard\u0131r. G\u00f6z \u00fc\u00e7 tabakadan olu\u015fur. <\/p>\n
a) Sert Tabaka: En d\u0131\u015fta bulunur, serttir, g\u00f6z\u00fc korur. G\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6n k\u0131smi hafif \u015fi\u015fkinle\u015ferek saydam korneay\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Kornea \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131rarak merce\u011fe ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.
\n b) Damar Tabaka: G\u00f6z\u00fc besleyen kan damarlar\u0131 bulunur. Damar tabakadaki pigmentler (melanin) g\u00f6zde karanl\u0131k oda olu\u015fumunu ve fazla \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 emip, yans\u0131malar\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00act\u00fcn\u00fcn netli\u011fini sa\u011flar. Damar tabakas\u0131nda iki \u00f6nemli yap\u0131 var\u00acd\u0131r.
\n \u0130ris: Kornean\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunur. \u0130risin ortas\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flayan g\u00f6zbebe\u011fi bulunur. G\u00f6zbebe\u011fi, g\u00f6ze gi\u00acren \u0131\u015f\u0131k miktar\u0131n\u0131 ayarlar. Bunu iris kaslar\u0131n\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131yla sa\u011flar.
\n G\u00f6z Merce\u011fi: \u0130risin hemen arkas\u0131nda bulunur. Mercek ince kenarl\u0131d\u0131r ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131rarak, odakla\u015fman\u0131n sar\u0131 benekte olmas\u0131\u00acn\u0131 sa\u011flar. Uzak veya yak\u0131na bakt\u0131k\u00e7a mercek incelir veya ka\u00acl\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r. (G\u00f6z uyumu) Bunu sa\u011flayan mercek kaslar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n c) A\u011f Tabaka (Retina): Bu tabakada fotoresept\u00f6rler ve sinir\u00acler bulunur. Fotoresept\u00f6rler iki \u00e7e\u015fittir.
\n \u00c7omak h\u00fccreleri;
\n – Siyah ve beyaz rengi al\u0131r. Lo\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131kta g\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flar.
\n – Cisimlerin \u015feklini alg\u0131lar.
\n – T\u00fcm a\u011f tabakas\u0131nda bulunur. Koni h\u00fccreleri;
\n – Renkleri al\u0131r ve renkli g\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flar.
\n – I\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n – Sadece sar\u0131 benekte bulunur.
\n G\u00f6z sinirlerinin g\u00f6zden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede resept\u00f6r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olu\u015fmaz. Bu b\u00f6lgeye k\u00f6r nokta denir. G\u00f6ze gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131k kornea ve mercekte k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra sar\u0131 benekte ters g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00act\u00fc olu\u015fur. Renkli g\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flayan \u00fc\u00e7 tip koni h\u00fccresi vard\u0131r. Bunlar; mavi, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve ye\u015fildir.
\n Bir cismin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinde cisimden \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar;
\n – Korneadan g\u00f6ze girer.
\n – \u0130ris g\u00f6zbebe\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayarlar.
\n – Mercek g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc retinaya ters ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olarak odaklar.
\n – Resept\u00f6rler uyar\u0131l\u0131r ve beyindeki g\u00f6rme merkezine ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.
\n – Beyinde net, renkli ve d\u00fcz g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olu\u015fur.
\n G\u00f6z Kusurlar\u0131 ve G\u00f6z Hastal\u0131klar\u0131
\n 1. Miyop
\n – G\u00f6z \u00f6nden arkaya do\u011fru uzam\u0131\u015f veya merce\u011fin k\u0131rmas \u00e7oktur.
\n – G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sar\u0131 bene\u011fin \u00f6n\u00fcnde olu\u015fur ve uza\u011f\u0131 net g\u00f6remez]
\n – Kal\u0131n kenarl\u0131 mercekle d\u00fczeltilir.
\n 2. Hipermetrop
\n – G\u00f6z\u00fcn arka k\u0131sm\u0131, \u00f6ne do\u011fru yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f veya merce\u011fin k\u0131r\u00acmas\u0131 azd\u0131r.
\n – G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sar\u0131 bene\u011fin arkas\u0131nda olu\u015fur ve yak\u0131n\u0131 net g\u00f6re\u00acmez.
\n – \u0130nce kenarl\u0131 mercekle d\u00fczeltilir.
\n – Kornea ve g\u00f6z merce\u011finin elastikli\u011finin bozulmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\n – Mercek p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcd\u00fcr, bulan\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olu\u015fur.
\n – Silindirik mercekle d\u00fczetilir.
\n 4. Presbit
\n – Ya\u015fland\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6z merce\u011finin esnekli\u011finin kaybolmas\u0131, g\u00f6\u00acz\u00fcn uyum yapma yetene\u011finin azalmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\n – Yak\u0131n\u0131 iyi g\u00f6remez, ince kenarl\u0131 mercekle d\u00fczeltilir.
\n 5. \u015ea\u015f\u0131l\u0131k
\n G\u00f6z yuvarla\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hareket ettiren kaslar\u0131n normalden uzun ve\u00acya k\u0131sa olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. G\u00f6zler farkl\u0131 eksenlere ba\u00ackar. Ameliyatla d\u00fczeltilir.
\n 6. G\u00f6z Tansiyonu
\n G\u00f6zde \u00f6n ve arka odan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n salg\u0131lanma\u00acs\u0131 ve bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda denge vard\u0131r. Bu denge bozulur\u00acsa bas\u0131n\u00e7 artarak g\u00f6z tansiyonu olu\u015fur.
\n 7. Renk K\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc
\n K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve ye\u015fil tonlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kal\u0131tsald\u0131r, d\u00fczelti\u00aclemez. <\/p>\n
2-D\u0130L: Epitel doku ile \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Tat alma resept\u00f6rleri (papilla) epitel doku \u00fczerindedir. Tad\u0131n alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, besinin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi gerekir. Kimyasal uyaranlara cevap verir (Kemoresept\u00f6r).
\n Dilin her taraf\u0131nda ac\u0131, tuzlu, tatl\u0131 ve ek\u015fi tad\u0131 al\u0131nmakla bera\u00acber; u\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mda tatl\u0131, yanlarda ek\u015fi ve tuzlu, arkada ise ac\u0131 al\u00acg\u0131layan resept\u00f6rler daha \u00e7oktur. Alg\u0131da yorgunluk g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. So\u00ac\u011fuk, s\u0131cak, koku ve g\u00f6rme, tad\u0131n alg\u0131lanmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemlidir.
\n 3-KULAK
\n \u0130\u015fitme ve denge organ\u0131d\u0131r. Ses uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 alarak duymay\u0131 sa\u011flar. Kulak d\u0131\u015ftan i\u00e7e do\u011fru \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur.
\n 1. D\u0131\u015f Kulak
\n Kulak kep\u00e7esi, d\u0131\u015f kulak yolu ve kulak zar\u0131ndan olu\u015fur. Kulak kep\u00e7esi sesin toplanarak kula\u011fa verilmesi ve sesin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc belirlemeyi sa\u011flar.
\n D\u0131\u015f kulak yolu salg\u0131 yaparak, kulak yolunu nemli tutar, kulak zar\u0131n\u0131n esnekli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r. Kulak zar\u0131 da ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 titre\u015fime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek orta kula\u011fa iletir.
\n 2. Orta Kulak
\n D\u0131\u015f kulak ile orta kulak aras\u0131nda kulak zar\u0131 bulunur. Orta kulakta \u00e7eki\u00e7, \u00f6rs ve \u00fczengi ad\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kemik bulunur. Zardan gelen sesler bu kemiklerden ge\u00e7erek oval pencereye iletilir. Orta kulak ile i\u00e7 kulak aras\u0131nda oval pencere vard\u0131r. Oval pencerenin alt\u0131nda yuvarlak pencere bulunur.
\n Orta kulak \u00f6staki borusu ile yuta\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6staki borusu y\u00fck\u00acsek bas\u0131n\u00e7ta kulak zar\u0131n\u0131n patlamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6staki borusunda, ki\u015finin kendi sesinden rahats\u0131z olmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyecek kapak\u00e7\u0131k bulunur.
\n 3. \u0130\u00e7 kulak
\n i\u00e7 kulakta i\u015fitme ile ilgili k\u0131s\u0131m salyangoz (kohlea) dur. Salyangoz’da birbirinden ince zarla ayr\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 kanal bulunur. \u00dcstte bulunan ve oval pencereye ba\u011fl\u0131 olan kanal vestibular kanald\u0131r. Alttaki kanal yuvarlak pencereye ba\u011fl\u0131 olan timpanik kanald\u0131r. Her ikisinin i\u00e7inde perilenf s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 bulunur. Ortadaki kanal ise kohlear kanald\u0131r, i\u00e7inde endolenf s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 bulunur, i\u015fitmeyi sa\u011flayan korti organ\u0131 yani resept\u00f6rler orta kulaktan gelen ses titre\u015fimlerini alarak salyangozdaki s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n dal\u00acgalanmas\u0131na neden olur.
\n B\u00f6ylece resept\u00f6rler uyar\u0131l\u0131r. Olu\u015fan impulslar beyindeki i\u015fitme merkezine ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece duyma sa\u011flan\u0131r, i\u015fitme sinirleri \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa yorulur. (Alg\u0131da yorgunluk).
\n Ayr\u0131ca oval pencere ile salyangozun birle\u015fti\u011fi yerde tulumcuk vard\u0131r. Buraya dengenin alg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00fc\u00e7 tane yar\u0131m daire kanal\u0131 ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kanallar\u0131n i\u00e7inde otolit ta\u015flar\u0131 denen, CaCO3’ten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f denge ta\u015flar\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\n Bunlar\u0131n konum de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi ile uyart\u0131 olu\u015fur.
\n Bu uyanlar merkezi sistemde beyincikle birlikte v\u00fccudun den\u00acgesinin ayarlanmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapar.
\n Ses uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131nda;
\n – Kulak kep\u00e7esi ile al\u0131nan sesin d\u0131\u015f kulak yoluyla kulak zar\u0131na iletilmesi
\n – \u00c7eki\u00e7, \u00f6rs, \u00fczengi kemikleri ile sesin oval pencereden i\u00e7 kula\u011fa iletilmesi
\n – i\u00e7 kulaktaki salyangoz kanallar\u0131ndaki s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n dalgalan-mas\u0131yla resept\u00f6rlerin uyar\u0131lmas\u0131
\n – Uyar\u0131lar\u0131n beyne ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ile olur. <\/p>\n
4-BURUN
\n i\u00e7ini epitel doku \u00f6rter. Epitel dokuda koku alg\u0131layan resept\u00f6r\u00aclerin yan\u0131nda mukus salg\u0131layarv goblet h\u00fccreleri bulunur. Kokunun alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, koku taneciklerinin s\u0131v\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00acmesi gerekir, (kemoresept\u00f6r). Yani resept\u00f6rler kimyasal olarak uyar\u0131l\u0131r. Koku alma alan\u0131na sar\u0131 b\u00f6lge denir.
\n Alg\u0131da yorgunluk vard\u0131r. Yani ayn\u0131 koku uzun s\u00fcre al\u0131namaz. Koku uyar\u0131lar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra beyne ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rken talamustan ge\u00e7mez. <\/p>\n
5-DER\u0130
\n Deri; dokunma, ac\u0131, bas\u0131n\u00e7, s\u0131cakl\u0131k uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Resept\u00f6rleri fiziksel olarak uyar\u0131l\u0131r. Deri iki tabakadan olu\u015fur.
\n 1. \u00dcst Deri (Epidermis)
\n \u00c7ok katl\u0131 epitel dokudan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. En \u00fcstte yass\u0131, sert ve \u00f6l\u00fc h\u00fccreler bulunur. Keratinli h\u00fccreler deriyi d\u0131\u015f etkenlerden korur. K\u0131l, t\u0131rnak ve boynuz olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flar. \u00dcst deride kan damarlar\u0131 ve sinirler yoktur.
\n Ayr\u0131ca \u00fcst deride, deriye renk veren melanin pigmenti bulunur. Albino bireylerde bu pigment sentezlenemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in deri, kirpik, sa\u00e7 ve k\u0131llar beyazd\u0131r.
\n 2. Alt Deri (Dermi\u015f)
\n \u00dcst derinin alt\u0131nda canl\u0131 tabakad\u0131r. Kan damarlar\u0131, sinirler, ter bezleri, ya\u011f bezleri, k\u0131l k\u00f6kleri, elastik ve kollejen lifler ve \u00e7e\u015fitli resept\u00f6rler bulunur. Bunlar; bas\u0131nc\u0131, dokunmay\u0131, ac\u0131 ve a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 alg\u0131layan resept\u00f6rlerdir.
\n Derinin en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revleri;
\n – V\u00fccudu fiziksel ve kimyasal etkilerden korumak
\n – Mikroorganizmalar\u0131n v\u00fccuda girmesini \u00f6nlemek
\n – Solunum ve bo\u015falt\u0131ma yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak
\n – V\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n dengelenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak
\n – \u00c7e\u015fitli resept\u00f6rlerle, \u00e7e\u015fitli uyanlar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak
\n – V\u00fccudu, melanin pigmentleriyle g\u00fcne\u015fin zararl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan korumak
\n – V\u00fccudun su ve mineral dengesinin korunmas\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Duyu Organlar\u0131: D\u0131\u015fardan gelen uyanlar\u0131 al\u0131r. \u00c7ok say\u0131da resept\u00f6r bulunur. Be\u015f \u00e7e\u015fittir. 1-G\u00d6Z I\u015f\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015ftir. I\u015f\u0131k uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 alarak g\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flar. G\u00f6z, g\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flayan yap\u0131lar ve bunlar\u0131 koruyan yard\u0131mc\u0131 yap\u0131lardan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. G\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flayan yap\u0131lar \u0131\u015f\u0131k alma\u00e7\u00aclar\u0131 (resept\u00f6rler), g\u00f6z merce\u011fi ve sinirlerdir. Koruyucu yap\u0131la\u00acr\u0131 ise; ka\u015flar, g\u00f6z kapaklan, kirpikler, g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 bezleri, ya\u011f bez\u00acleri ve kaslard\u0131r. G\u00f6z …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2401,7833,2416,8605,2610,861,2590,8611,8608,8606,8612,8607,2613,8609,5871,6553,8610,8604,2676,7834],"class_list":["post-3770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-ag-tabaka","tag-alt-deri","tag-bosaltim","tag-damar-tabaka","tag-dis-kulak","tag-duyu-organlari","tag-epitel-doku","tag-goz-tansiyonu","tag-hipermetrop","tag-iris","tag-kemoreseptor","tag-miyop","tag-orta-kulak","tag-presbit","tag-renk-korlugu","tag-reseptor","tag-sasilik","tag-sert-tabaka","tag-solunum","tag-ust-deri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3770"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3770\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}