S\u0130N\u0130R S\u0130STEM\u0130 <\/p>\n
Canl\u0131larda i\u00e7ten ve d\u0131\u015ftan gelen uyar\u0131lar\u0131 alan ve de\u011ferlendi\u00acren, tepki olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flayan sistemdir
\n a) Bir H\u00fccrelilerde Sinir Sistemi: Sinir sistemi yoktur Uyar\u0131lar h\u00fccre y\u00fczeyindeki resept\u00f6rlerle al\u0131n\u0131p; kam\u00e7\u0131, sil gibi tep\u00ackime yap\u0131lar\u0131na iletilir Terliksi hayvanda sinir telcikleri vard\u0131r
\n b) Omurgas\u0131z Hayvanlarda Sinir Sistemi: Hidra, deniz ana\u00acs\u0131 ve mercanlarda merkezi sinir sistemi yoktur Fakat sinir tel\u00aclerinden olu\u015fan sinir a\u011f\u0131 bulunur Sinir h\u00fccreleri sinaps yap\u00acmadan birbirine de\u011ferek bir a\u011f olu\u015fturur Canl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u00fccudu ile tepki g\u00f6sterir Yass\u0131 solucan, toprak solucan\u0131 ve b\u00f6cekler\u00acde v\u00fccut boyunca uzanan ip merdiveni \u015feklinde sinir sistemi vard\u0131r Ayr\u0131ca beyin g\u00f6revi yapan bir \u00e7ift ba\u015f ganglionu vard\u0131r
\n c) Omurgal\u0131 Hayvanlarda Sinir Sistemi: Bal\u0131klardan meme\u00aclilere do\u011fru geli\u015fen bir merkezi sinir sistemi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr Memeli\u00aclerde beyindeki k\u0131vr\u0131mlar daha fazlad\u0131r
\n Uyar\u0131far\u0131 alan yap\u0131lara resept\u00f6r denir Resept\u00f6rler;
\n – Belirli bir b\u00f6lgede toplu veya da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olabilir
\n – Y\u00fczeye yak\u0131n veya derinde olabilir
\n – Fiziksel veya kimyasal olarak uyar\u0131labilir
\n – Sinir doku veya epitel dokudan olu\u015fabilir
\n – E\u015fik \u015fiddetindeki uyanlarla uyar\u0131l\u0131rlar
\n Uyar\u0131lar sonucu tepki olarak harekete ge\u00e7en yap\u0131lara efekt\u00f6r denir Efekt\u00f6rler kas veya bez olabilir
\n Sinir h\u00fccrelerine n\u00f6ron denir N\u00f6ronlar g\u00f6vde (\u00e7ekirdek ve sitoplazma) ve uzant\u0131lardan (Akson ve dentrit) olu\u015fur
\n Dentrit: K\u0131sa, \u00e7ok ve uyar\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6vdeye getirir Akson: Uzun, tek ve uyar\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6vdeden g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr Schwann H\u00fccreleri: Miyelin k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131 olu\u015fturur Ranvier Bo\u011fumu: Miyelin k\u0131l\u0131fs\u0131z b\u00f6lgedir
\n Mivelin K\u0131l\u0131f\u0131: Aksonu izole eder \u0130letim h\u0131z\u0131 miyelinlilerde 120 m\/s, miyelinsizlerde 12 m\/s dir
\n G\u00f6revlerine g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit sinir h\u00fccresi vard\u0131r:
\n 1 Duyu N\u00f6ronu: Uyar\u0131lar\u0131 resept\u00f6rlerden al\u0131r ve merkezi n\u00f6\u00acronlara iletir
\n 2 Motor N\u00f6ron: Merkezi sinirlerde olu\u015fturulan tepkiyi ilgili efekt\u00f6rlere (kas ve bez) iletir
\n 3 Ara (Merkezi) N\u00f6ron: Uyar\u0131lara cevap olu\u015fturan veya olu\u015fturmayan veya yeni uyar\u0131 olu\u015fturan sinirlerdir Uyar\u0131lar \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc olabilir
\n G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015flerine g\u00f6re, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit sinir h\u00fccresi vard\u0131r
\n a) Tek Kutuplu: H\u00fccrede bir tane uzant\u0131 vard\u0131r
\n b) \u0130ki kutuplu: Akson ve dentrit kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 u\u00e7lardan \u00e7\u0131kar
\n c) \u00c7ok kutuplu: \u00c7ok say\u0131da uzant\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar, akson bir, dentrit \u00e7ok say\u0131dad\u0131r
\n Uyar\u0131lara tepki; Uyar\u0131 -> Resept\u00f6r \u2014> Duyu siniri -> Ara sinir
\n \u2014> Motor sinir \u2014> Efekt\u00f6r -> Tepki \u015feklinde olu\u015fur
\n Sinir h\u00fccrelerinde impuls iletimi tek y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr ve bu y\u00f6n dent-ritten akson’a do\u011frudur
\n Uyar\u0131lar\u0131n Al\u0131nmas\u0131: Uyar\u0131lar resept\u00f6rlerle al\u0131n\u0131r Uyar\u0131lar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uyar\u0131n\u0131n en az e\u015fik \u015fiddetinde olmas\u0131 gerekir Uyanlar;
\n – E\u015fik \u015fiddetinin alt\u0131nda ise al\u0131nmaz
\n – E\u015fik \u015fiddetinde ise al\u0131n\u0131r ve impuls olu\u015fur
\n – E\u015fik \u015fiddetinden b\u00fcy\u00fckse \u00e7ok say\u0131da ve b\u00fcy\u00fck impuls olu\u00ac\u015fur
\n – E\u015fik \u015fiddetinin \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcnde ise yine al\u0131nmaz
\n impuls iletim h\u0131z\u0131 sabittir de\u011fi\u015fmez, fakat say\u0131s\u0131 ve \u015fiddeti de\u00ac\u011fi\u015febilir Uyar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddeti, frekans\u0131 ve s\u00fcresi artarsa impuls say\u0131s\u0131 ve \u015fiddeti artar Bu da tepki \u015fiddetini art\u0131r\u0131r
\n \u0130mpuls Ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131: Dinlenmekte olan sinir h\u00fccrelerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131 (+)’d\u0131r Bunu sa\u011flayan d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki \u00e7ok say\u0131da Na+ ve az say\u0131\u00acdaki Cr’dir Oysaki i\u00e7 (-)’dir Bunu da sa\u011flayan i\u00e7teki \u00e7ok CI” ve az K+ d\u0131r Buna polarize hal denir Aktif ta\u015f\u0131ma ile sa\u011flan\u0131r Uyar\u0131 olu\u015ftu\u011funda aktif ta\u015f\u0131ma yap\u0131lamaz Na+ i\u00e7eri, K+ d\u0131\u015fa\u00acr\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar Na+ n\u0131n giri\u015fi K+ n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan h\u0131zl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan y\u00fck\u00acler yer de\u011fi\u015ftirir Buna depolarize denir Bir s\u00fbre sonra sinir h\u00fccresi eski haline gelir Buna da repolarizasyon denir <\/p>\n
Sinaps: Sinir h\u00fccreleri aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklard\u0131r Sinir h\u00fccreleri birbirine de\u011fmez Uyar\u0131lar bir sinirden di\u011ferine veya efekt\u00f6re sinapslardan kimyasal olarak n\u00f6rotransmitter maddelerle ak\u00actar\u0131l\u0131r <\/p>\n
Sinapslarda; :
\n – Uyar\u0131lar kimyasal olarak iletilir
\n – N\u00f6rotransmitter maddeler salg\u0131lan\u0131r (Histamin, dopamin, seratonin, asetil kolin ve n\u00f6radrenalin vs)
\n – Ekzositoz ve endositoz olur
\n – Se\u00e7ici diren\u00e7 vard\u0131r Baz\u0131 uyar\u0131lar durdurulur Baz\u0131 uyar\u0131lar h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r
\n – S\u00fcre kayb\u0131 vard\u0131r, impuls iletim h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer <\/p>\n
\u0130NSANLARDA S\u0130N\u0130R S\u0130STEM\u0130 <\/p>\n
MERKEZ\u0130 S\u0130N\u0130R S\u0130STEM\u0130
\n Beyin ve omurilikten olu\u015fur Merkezi sinirler bulunur
\n 1 Beyin: Beyin, kafatas\u0131 i\u00e7inde ve \u00fc\u00e7 zarla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr
\n a) Sert Zar: Kafatas\u0131na i\u00e7ten yap\u0131\u015f\u0131k ve sert zard\u0131r D\u0131\u015ftan ge\u00aclen darbelere kar\u015f\u0131 beyni korur
\n b) \u00d6r\u00fcmceksi Zar: Sert zar ile ince zar aras\u0131nda bulunur Ba\u011f dokusu liflerinden olu\u015fur Aras\u0131nda beyin omurilik s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 (BOS) bulunur Bu s\u0131v\u0131;
\n – Beyni mekanik etkilerden korur
\n – Kan ile h\u00fccreler aras\u0131nda madde al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fini sa\u011flar
\n – \u0130yon de\u011fi\u015fiminin dengede kalmas\u0131na yard\u0131m eder
\n c) \u0130nce zar: En i\u00e7teki zard\u0131r Beyne yap\u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r Kan damarlar\u0131 bulunur Beyin h\u00fccrelerini dif\u00fczyonla besler
\n Beyin \u00f6n, orta ve arka beyinden olu\u015fur
\n a) On Beyin: \u00d6n beyin, u\u00e7 ve ara beyin olarak iki k\u0131s\u0131mda in\u00accelenir
\n U\u00e7 Beyin (Beyin Kabu\u011fu^: iki yar\u0131mk\u00fcreden olu\u015fur Yar\u0131m k\u00fcreleri birbirine ba\u011flayan k\u00f6pr\u00fcler vard\u0131r \u00dcstteki k\u00f6pr\u00fclere nas\u0131rl\u0131 cisim, alttaki k\u00f6pr\u00fclere beyin \u00fc\u00e7geni denir Beyin ya\u00acr\u0131mk\u00fcrelerini enine b\u00f6len yar\u0131\u011fa rolanda yar\u0131\u011f\u0131 denir D\u0131\u015fta boz madde (dentrit ve g\u00f6vde), i\u00e7te ak madde (akson) bulu\u00acnur G\u00f6revleri;
\n – Be\u015f duyu merkezidir
\n – Uyar\u0131lar\u0131n en son geldi\u011fi yerdir
\n – \u0130stemli hareketleri yapt\u0131r\u0131r
\n – Zeka, haf\u0131za, hay\u00e2l his, irade ve \u00f6\u011frenme merkezidir
\n Ara Beyin: Talamus ve hipotalamustan olu\u015fur Talamus koku duyusu hari\u00e7, b\u00fct\u00fcn duyular\u0131n toplanma ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m merkezi\u00acdir Duyular burada d\u00fczenlenerek beyin kabu\u011funa g\u00f6nderilir Hipotalamus ise i\u00e7 organ ve dokular\u0131n kontrol merkezidir En \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revleri;
\n – Hipofizin uyar\u0131larak endokrin sisteminin kontrol\u00fc
\n – V\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131
\n – Uyku ve i\u015ftah
\n – E\u015feysel olgunla\u015fma vs dir
\n b) Orta Beyin: \u0130\u015fitme ve g\u00f6rme (g\u00f6zbebe\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayar\u00aclanmas\u0131) reflekleslerini yapt\u0131r\u0131r Ayr\u0131ca kas tonusunu ayarlar
\n c) Arka Beyin: Beyincik ve omurilik so\u011fan\u0131ndan olu\u015fur
\n Beyincik: Kas hareketlerini d\u00fczenler Beyincik yar\u0131mk\u00fcreleri pons’la birbirine ba\u011flan\u0131r Ayr\u0131ca kulaktaki yar\u0131mdaire kanalla\u00acr\u0131 ile beraber v\u00fccudun dengesini sa\u011flar
\n \u00bb
\n Omurilik So\u011fan\u0131: Yap\u0131s\u0131 omurili\u011fe benzer Yani d\u0131\u015fta ak madde, i\u00e7te boz madde bulunur Beyinden \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 sinirler omurilik so\u011fan\u0131ndan \u00e7apraz ge\u00e7erler, i\u00e7 organlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u00acn\u0131 kontrol eder Kontrol etti\u011fi olaylar;
\n – Solunum – Hap\u015furma – \u00d6ks\u00fcrme
\n – Dola\u015f\u0131m – Kusma – Sindirim
\n – \u00c7i\u011fneme – Karaci\u011ferin \u015feker ayarlamas\u0131 vs dir
\n 2 Omurilik: Omurgan\u0131n i\u00e7inde, omurga boyunca uzan\u0131r D\u0131\u015f\u00acta ak madde, i\u00e7te boz madde vard\u0131r Duyusal impulslar\u0131n \u00e7o\u00ac\u011fu, omurilikten \u00e7apraz ge\u00e7er <\/p>\n
Omurili\u011fin g\u00f6revi;
\n – V\u00fccuttan beyne gelen, beyinden kaslara g\u00f6nderilen impuls-lar\u0131 iletmek
\n – Refleks hareketlerini yapt\u0131rmak
\n – Al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k hareketlerini denetlemektir (Y\u00fczme, dans etme, bisiklet s\u00fcrme, vs)
\n Refleks olay\u0131;
\n – Daha az sinaps i\u00e7erdi\u011finden s\u00fcre kayb\u0131 azd\u0131r
\n – Uyanlar duyu sinirleri ile arka k\u00f6kten ara sinirlere gelir
\n – Cevap \u00f6n k\u00f6kten motor sinirlerle efekt\u00f6re gider <\/p>\n
\u00c7EVRESEL S\u0130N\u0130R S\u0130STEM\u0130:
\n Uyart\u0131lar\u0131 al\u0131p beyin ve omurili\u011fe g\u00f6t\u00fcren, olu\u015fturulan tepkiyi doku, bez ve organlara g\u00f6t\u00fcren sinirlerin t\u00fcm\u00fcne \u00e7evresel si\u00acnir sistemi denir Duyu ve motor sinirlerinden olu\u015fur
\n 1 Somotik Sinir Sistemi:
\n iste\u011fimizle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 yapar U\u00e7 beyin ve beyin\u00accik kontrol\u00fcndedir
\n 2 Otonom Sinir Sistemi:
\n iste\u011fimiz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r Omurilik so\u011fan\u0131 ve omurilik kontro\u00acl\u00fcndedir Sadece miyelinsiz motor n\u00f6ronlar bulunur Otonom sistem birbirine z\u0131t \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sempatik ve parasempatik sistem\u00acden olu\u015fur Sempatik sinirler kalp, akci\u011feri h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r, sindiri\u00acmi yava\u015flat\u0131r Parasempatik sinirler, kalp ve akci\u011feri yava\u015fla\u00act\u0131r, sindirimi h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u0130N\u0130R S\u0130STEM\u0130 Canl\u0131larda i\u00e7ten ve d\u0131\u015ftan gelen uyar\u0131lar\u0131 alan ve de\u011ferlendi\u00acren, tepki olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flayan sistemdir a) Bir H\u00fccrelilerde Sinir Sistemi: Sinir sistemi yoktur Uyar\u0131lar h\u00fccre y\u00fczeyindeki resept\u00f6rlerle al\u0131n\u0131p; kam\u00e7\u0131, sil gibi tep\u00ackime yap\u0131lar\u0131na iletilir Terliksi hayvanda sinir telcikleri vard\u0131r b) Omurgas\u0131z Hayvanlarda Sinir Sistemi: Hidra, deniz ana\u00acs\u0131 ve mercanlarda merkezi sinir sistemi yoktur Fakat sinir …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2510,2631,8624,6039,7827,2512,5704,5977,8623,2483,8625],"class_list":["post-3780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-beyin","tag-hipofiz","tag-omurgali-hayvanlarda-sinir-sistemi","tag-omurgasiz-hayvanlar","tag-omurilik-sogani","tag-orta-beyin","tag-otonom-sinir-sistemi","tag-sinaps","tag-sinir-sistemi-ve-mekanizmasi","tag-sitoplazma","tag-somotik-sinir-sistemi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3780","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3780"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3780\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3780"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}