BES\u0130NLER<\/p>\n
Organik Besinler Karbonhidratlar Sindirilirler
\n Ya\u011flar Sindirilirler
\n Proteinler Sindirilirler
\n Vitaminler Sindirilmezler
\n \u0130norganik Besinler Mineraller Sindirilmezler
\n Su Sindirilmezler<\/p>\n
\u2022 Enerji vericiler : Karbonhidrat, ya\u011f, protein
\n Enerji verimi : Ya\u011f, protein, karbonhidrat
\n Yap\u0131c\u0131-onar\u0131c\u0131 : Protein, ya\u011f, karbonhidrat
\n D\u00fczenleyiciler : Protein, vitamin, mineraller, su
\n A\u00e7l\u0131k an\u0131nda kullan\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131 : Karbonhidrat, ya\u011f, protein
\n Sindirim kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 : Karbonhidrat, protein, ya\u011f<\/p>\n
KARBONH\u0130DRATLAR
\n \u2022 C,H ve O ‘den meydana gelmi\u015ftir.3 \u00e7e\u015fittir.
\n \u2022 \u0130ki \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revi vard\u0131r.1)Eneraji kayna\u011f\u0131 2)Yap\u0131sal madde(Bitkilerde \u00e7eperin yap\u0131s\u0131na,b\u00fct\u00fcn
\n canl\u0131 h\u00fccrelerde de zar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131larak g\u00f6rev yapar.ATP,DNA,RNA,NAD,NADP,FAD\u2019 da bulunur.<\/p>\n
1) MONOSAKKAR\u0130TLER
\n \u2022 Sindirime u\u011framazlar.
\n \u2022 Yaln\u0131zca ototroflar taraf\u0131ndan sentezlenir.
\n \u2022 \u0130\u00e7erdikleri C say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re 2’ye ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.
\n a) 5C’lu \u015fekerler : Riboz, Deoksiriboz (Pentozlar)
\n b) 6C’lu \u015fekerler : Glikoz, Galaktoz, Fruktoz (Hegsozlar)
\n \u2022 Monosakkaritlerin dif\u00fczyon h\u0131zlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir. Galaktoz > Glikoz > Fruktoz
\n \u2022 Riboz \uf0de ATP ve RNA’da bulunur. Deoksiriboz \uf0de DNA’da bulunur.
\n \u2022 Glikoz \uf0de Bal,\u00fcz\u00fcm ve incirde bol bulunur.A\u00e7l\u0131k ve koma an\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Fruktoz \uf0de Bal ve olgun meyvelerde bol bulunur.(=meyve \u015fekeri)
\n \u2022 Galaktoz \uf0de S\u00fct ve s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde bol bulunur.(=s\u00fct \u015fekeri).Tabiatta az bulunur. Hayvansal
\n bir besin kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2) D\u0130SAKKAR\u0130TLER
\n \u2022 \u0130ki monosakkaritin birle\u015fmesinden meydana gelir.
\n \u2022 Glikoz + Glikoz = Maltoz (meyve \u015fekeri)
\n Glikoz + Fruktoz = Sakkaroz = S\u00fckroz (\u00c7ay = Pancar \u015fekeri)
\n Glikoz + Galaktoz = Laktoz (s\u00fct \u015fekeri)
\n \u2022 Maltoz ve s\u00fckroz bitkilerden, laktoz da hayvanlardan ve insanlardan sa\u011flan\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Disakkaritler aras\u0131nda glikozit ba\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3) POL\u0130SAKKAR\u0130TLER
\n \u2022 \u00c7ok say\u0131da monosakkaritin birle\u015fmesinden meydana gelir.
\n \u2022 Glikoz + Glikoz + Glikoz +…………………………..+ Glikoz = Ni\u015fasta
\n Glikoz + Glikoz + Glikoz +…………………………..+ Glikoz = Sel\u00fcloz + (n-1) H2O
\n Glikoz + Glikoz + Glikoz +…………………………..+ Glikoz = Glikojen
\n —————————————————————–
\n n tane
\n \u2022 Son \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi glikozlar\u0131n ba\u011flanma bi\u00e7imleridir.<\/p>\n
A) Ni\u015fasta
\n \u2022 Bitkilerde glikozun depo \u015feklidir.
\n \u2022 D\u00fcz zincirlidir ve alfa glikozit ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.\u0130yot ile maviye boyan\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Ni\u015fasta,l\u00f6koplastta depolan\u0131r.Yumru ve tohumlarda daha \u00e7ok depolan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B) Glikojen
\n \u2022 Hayvanlarda glikozun depo \u015feklidir.
\n \u2022 Dall\u0131d\u0131r ve alfa glikozit ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.\u0130yot ile kahverengiye boyan\u0131r.
\n \u2022 En fazla karaci\u011fer ve kaslarda bulunur,depo edilir.<\/p>\n
C) Sel\u00fcloz
\n \u2022 Bitkilerde yap\u0131 maddesidir.\u00c7eperin yap\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r.
\n \u2022 D\u00fczd\u00fcr ve beta glikozit ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez
\n \u2022 Gevi\u015f getirenlerde ve termitlerde sindirilir.<\/p>\n
YA\u011eLAR
\n \u2022 C,H ve O’den meydana gelmi\u015ftir.Yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki oksijen miktar\u0131 \u015fekerlerdekinden azd\u0131r.
\n \u2022 3 Ya\u011f asidi + Gliserol = Ya\u011f + 3 H2O
\n \u2022 Ester ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011flan\u0131rlar.
\n \u2022 Ya\u011flarda \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi ya\u011f asitleri sa\u011flar.
\n \u2022 Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmezler.Organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrler.(Alkol,eter gibi)
\n \u2022 Is\u0131 ve darbeye kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucudur.
\n \u2022 Ya\u011flar\u0131n enerji verimlerinin \u00e7ok olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi karbon say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok olmas\u0131ndand\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Ya\u011flar\u0131n 2. dereceden enerji verici olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi sindiriminin \u00e7ok zor
\n olmas\u0131ndand\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Karbonhidrat ve proteinlerin fazlas\u0131 ya\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.Bunun sebebi ise ya\u011flar\u0131n enerji
\n verimlerinin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 ve uzun s\u00fcreli kullan\u0131labilmesidir.
\n \u2022 Solunumla y\u0131k\u0131lmalar\u0131 sonucunda fazla su a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar.Onun i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle k\u0131\u015f uykusuna
\n yatan,uzun s\u00fcreli g\u00f6\u00e7 eden ve suyun az oldu\u011fu ortamlarda ya\u015fayan hayvanlarda iyi bir depo ve enerji maddesidir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda hafif oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in u\u00e7mada hayvana avantaj sa\u011flar.
\n \u2022 Ya\u011f asitleri en basit lipitler olup,uzun karbon zincirlerinden olu\u015furlar.Karbonlar aras\u0131ndaki
\n ba\u011flar tek ise doymu\u015f,\u00e7ift ise doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f asitleridir.Doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011flar bitkiseldir ve s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. Doymu\u015f ya\u011flar ise hayvansald\u0131r ve kat\u0131d\u0131r.Doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta hidrojenle doyurulmas\u0131yla margarin yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Oleik asit \uf0de zeytinya\u011f\u0131nda; Linoleik asit \uf0de tohumlarda; Butirik asit \uf0de tereya\u011f\u0131nda
\n Steroid \uf0de zarlar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r.Ayn\u0131 zamanda vitamin ve hormon olarak i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcr.
\n Fosfolipid \uf0de h\u00fccre zar\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
PROTE\u0130NLER
\n \u2022 C,H,O,N ve baz\u0131lar\u0131nda S,P bulunur.
\n \u2022 Yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131 20 \u00e7e\u015fit aminoasittir.
\n \u2022 a.a+a.a+a.a+…………………………+a.a = Protein + (n-1)H2O
\n ——————————————–
\n n tane
\n \u2022 Peptit ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011flan\u0131rlar.
\n \u2022 DNA \u015fifresi ile sentezlenen tek molek\u00fcld\u00fcr.
\n \u2022 Enzim,hormon ve h\u00fccre zar\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Solunumla ancak zor durumlarda yak\u0131l\u0131rlar.Solunum \u00fcr\u00fcnleri H2O , CO2 , H2S , NH3 , \u00fcre
\n ve \u00fcrik asittir.
\n \u2022 Aminoasitler anfoter \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterirler.
\n \u2022 Proteinler vir\u00fcslerden insanlara kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131larda ya\u015famsal rolleri oldu\u011fundan
\n h\u00fccrelerde en \u00e7ok bulunan organik molek\u00fcllerdir.
\n \u2022 Proteinler enerjiyi hemen kaybettiklerinden dolay\u0131 3. dereceden enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Proteinler v\u00fccutta enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa v\u00fccutta zay\u0131flama ve dengesizlik
\n g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n \u2022 Proteinler her canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcne \u00f6zg\u00fc olup antijen \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterirler.Yani farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fe
\n sahip bir canl\u0131ya aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda antikor olu\u015fumuna sebep olur.<\/p>\n
V\u0130TAM\u0130NLER
\n \u2022 V\u00fccut direncini artt\u0131r\u0131rlar.
\n \u2022 Enzimlerin yap\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131rlar.
\n \u2022 D\u00fczenle\u015ftiricidirler,enerji vermezler,sindirilmezler.
\n \u2022 Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 besinde bulundu\u011fu \u015fekliyle vitamin \u00f6zelli\u011finde de\u011fildir.Bunlar v\u00fccuda
\n al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra vitamin \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazan\u0131r.Bunlara provitamin denir.
\n \u2022 Ya\u011fda eriyen vitaminler A,D,E,K
\n Suda eriyen vitaminler B,C ‘dir.
\n \u2022 \u0130nsan v\u00fccudunda A,B,D,K sentezlenir.
\n A \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de karaci\u011ferde
\n B,K \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de ba\u011f\u0131rsakta bakteriler taraf\u0131ndan
\n D \uf0de\uf0de\uf0de deride
\n \u2022 A,D,K karaci\u011ferde depolan\u0131r.Di\u011ferlerinin fazlas\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n A vitamini \uf0de Bal\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131,yumurta sar\u0131s\u0131,s\u00fct,peynir,karaci\u011fer,ye\u015fil sebzelerde bulunur.
\n \uf0de B\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fmeyi sa\u011flar,v\u00fccudu enfeksiyonlara kar\u015f\u0131 korur,gece k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nler.
\n B vitamini \uf0de Tah\u0131llar\u0131n kabuklar\u0131nda,et,s\u00fct,karaci\u011fer ve ye\u015fil sebzelerde bulunur.
\n \uf0de Karbonhidrat,ya\u011f ve proteinlerin v\u00fccut i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda kataliz\u00f6r olarak g\u00f6rev yapar.Kans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nler.
\n C vitamini \uf0de Ye\u015fil sebze ve meyvelerde bulunur.
\n \uf0de Ba\u011f dokusunun olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir.Skorbit hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.V\u00fccudu enfeksiyonlara kar\u015f\u0131 korur.
\n D vitamini \uf0de Bal\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131,karaci\u011fer,yumurtada bulunur.Ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi ile deride \u00fcretilir.
\n \uf0de V\u00fccuttaki Ca,P dengesini sa\u011flar.Kemiklerin geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flar.\u00c7ocuklarda ra\u015fitizmi \u00f6nler.
\n E vitamini \uf0de Ye\u015fil sebze,karaci\u011fer,et ve bitkisel ya\u011flarda bulunur.
\n \uf0de \u00dcreme organlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flar ve k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nler.
\n K vitamini \uf0de Ye\u015fil sebzeler,karaci\u011fer ve yumurtada bulunur.Ba\u011f\u0131rsaktaki bakteriler taraf\u0131ndan sentezlenir.
\n \uf0de Eksikli\u011finde kan\u0131n p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 gecikir.<\/p>\n
M\u0130NERALLER
\n \u2022 \u0130norganik maddelerdir.Sindirime u\u011framazlar.
\n \u2022 Enzimlerin yap\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131rlar.D\u00fczenle\u015ftiricidirler.
\n \u2022 Minerallerin v\u00fccut i\u00e7indeki g\u00f6revleri \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n 1)Enzimlerin ve hemoglobinin yap\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r(Fe,P).
\n 2)Kemiklerin ve di\u015flerin geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flar(Ca,P,Mg).
\n 3)V\u00fccut ve h\u00fccre s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n osmatik bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 ayarlar(Bunlardan h\u00fccre i\u00e7i s\u0131v\u0131da Na,Cl;
\n h\u00fccre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131da K,Mg ve P bulunur).
\n SU
\n \u2022 \u0130norganik maddedir ve sindirime u\u011framaz.
\n \u2022 Enzimlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve kimyasal reaksiyonlar\u0131n meydana gelebilmesi i\u00e7in su \u015fartt\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
BES\u0130NLER Organik Besinler Karbonhidratlar Sindirilirler Ya\u011flar Sindirilirler Proteinler Sindirilirler Vitaminler Sindirilmezler \u0130norganik Besinler Mineraller Sindirilmezler Su Sindirilmezler \u2022 Enerji vericiler : Karbonhidrat, ya\u011f, protein Enerji verimi : Ya\u011f, protein, karbonhidrat Yap\u0131c\u0131-onar\u0131c\u0131 : Protein, ya\u011f, karbonhidrat D\u00fczenleyiciler : Protein, vitamin, mineraller, su A\u00e7l\u0131k an\u0131nda kullan\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131 : Karbonhidrat, ya\u011f, protein Sindirim kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 : Karbonhidrat, protein, ya\u011f …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[4459,2504,8658,2313,2311,5615,2288,4456,8661,2540,2541,2306,2305,6427,5907,2312,2549,8662,8659,8660,7925,7927,2543,2502,2289,4505,4452,2548],"class_list":["post-3795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-alkol","tag-atp","tag-besinler","tag-c-vitamini","tag-d-vitamini","tag-disakkarit","tag-dna","tag-eter","tag-fad","tag-fruktoz","tag-galaktoz","tag-glikojen","tag-glikoz","tag-inorganik-besinler","tag-inorganik-maddeler","tag-k-vitamini","tag-karbonhidrat","tag-monosakkarit","tag-nad","tag-nadp","tag-organik-besinler","tag-peptit-bagi","tag-proteinler","tag-riboz","tag-rna","tag-seluloz","tag-vitaminler","tag-yaglar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3795","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3795"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3795\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3795"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3795"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}