\u00dczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda on milyon civar\u0131nda canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.Kara ve su olmak \u00fczere iki temel ya\u015fam ortam\u0131nda hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bu canl\u0131lar\u0131n her bir t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 onlarca \u00e7e\u015fidi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir.Bu kadar canl\u0131y\u0131 tek tek incelemek imkans\u0131zd\u0131r.O halde bunlar\u0131 benzer gruplar \u015feklinde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmam\u0131z gerekir.
\n Biyologlar do\u011fadaki canl\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nce ana gruplara,daha sonra yan gruplara ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.Bitkiler ve hayvanlar ana gruplardan ikisini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.Sizler bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bitkilerin ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131,t\u00fcrlerini,do\u011faya faydalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6recek,k\u0131saca i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu canl\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda genel bilgiler edineceksiniz.<\/p>\n
1.\u00c7i\u00e7ekli Bitkiler
\n Baz\u0131 bitkiler neden \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7arlar?Kendi a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131zdan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bu soruya g\u00fczel g\u00f6r\u00fcnmek,g\u00fczel kokmak cevab\u0131 verilebilir.Ancak bu nedenler ger\u00e7ek cevap de\u011fildir.\u00c7i\u00e7ek bitkinin \u00fcreme organ\u0131d\u0131r.Bitkiler \u00e7o\u011falmak i\u00e7in \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7arlar.
\n \u00c7i\u00e7ekli bitkilerde di\u011fer canl\u0131larda oldu\u011fu gibi,\u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6revleri yapmak i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fik organlar vard\u0131r.Bu organlar k\u00f6k,g\u00f6vde,yaprak ve \u00e7i\u00e7ektir.
\n Besin kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan sebze ve meyveler \u00e7i\u00e7ekli bitkilerdendir.\u00d6rne\u011fin;elma,armut,portakal,vi\u015fne,k iraz,\u015feftali,kay\u0131s\u0131,erik gibi meyveler;lahana,fasulye,\u0131spanak,p\u0131rasa,patates,so\u011f an gibi sebzeler \u00e7i\u00e7ekli bitkilerdendir.<\/p>\n
Bitkinin Toprakla \u0130li\u015fkisini Kuran K\u00f6k
\n Bir bitkinin tohumu ekildi\u011finde, \u00f6ncelikle k\u00f6k geli\u015fir .daha sonra di\u011fer organlar olu\u015fur.K\u00f6k bitkiyi topra\u011fa ba\u011flayarak dik durmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.Topraktaki su ve suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f madensel tuzlar\u0131 emerek bitkiye kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u00f6k\u00fcn G\u00f6revleri
\n 1-Bitkiyi topra\u011fa sa\u011flam bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flamak ve dik tutmak.
\n 2-Topraktan su ve madensel tuzlar\u0131 emmek ve bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6vdeye iletmek.<\/p>\n
K\u00f6k \u00c7e\u015fitleri
\n K\u00f6kler \u015fekil ve yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.Bunlar kaz\u0131k k\u00f6k ve sa\u00e7ak k\u00f6k t\u00fcr.
\n 1-Kaz\u0131k K\u00f6k
\n Baz\u0131 bitkilerde ana k\u00f6k \u00e7ok uzun ve kal\u0131nd\u0131r.Yan k\u00f6kler ise ana k\u00f6ke g\u00f6re daha ince ve k\u0131sad\u0131r.b\u00f6yle k\u00f6klere kaz\u0131k k\u00f6k denir.\u00d6rnek olarak fasulye,biber,papatya,yonca,bamya gibi bitkilerin k\u00f6klerini verebiliriz.
\n 2-Sa\u00e7ak K\u00f6k
\n Bitkinin g\u00f6vdesinden \u00e7\u0131kan ve hepsi ayn\u0131 boyda olan k\u00f6klere sa\u00e7ak k\u00f6k denir.\u00d6rnek olarak so\u011fan,bu\u011fday,arpa,yulaf,m\u0131s\u0131r gibi bitkileri verebiliriz.<\/p>\n
Tohumdan Bitkiye
\n Topraktaki tohum ana k\u00f6k olu\u015fturur.Ana k\u00f6k su emdik\u00e7e tohum i\u00e7erisindeki embriyo etraf\u0131ndaki haz\u0131r besinlerle beslenir.Su tohumda s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve paketlenmi\u015f besinleri embriyonun emebilece\u011fi \u015fekilde par\u00e7alar.Taslak geli\u015ftik\u00e7e daha fazla suya gereksinim duyar.Ana k\u00f6k dallanarak yan k\u00f6kleri olu\u015fturur.En u\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mda da emici t\u00fcyler olu\u015fur.Emici t\u00fcylerin,suyu kuvvetlice emme \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r.Toprak i\u00e7erisinde iyice da\u011f\u0131larak,k\u00f6k\u00fcn toprakla dokunma ve emme y\u00fczeyini artt\u0131r\u0131r.\u00d6nlerine gelen ta\u015f,kaya gibi yap\u0131lar\u0131 salg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 asitli maddelerle par\u00e7alarlar.Bu arada bitki g\u00f6vdesi geli\u015fir,yaprak olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flar.
\n Kaz\u0131k k\u00f6k ve sa\u00e7ak k\u00f6k d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 g\u00f6revleri yerine getiren k\u00f6k tipleri vard\u0131r.
\n Havu\u00e7,turp,\u015feker pancar\u0131 gibi bitkilerdeki kaz\u0131k k\u00f6kler besin depo edebilir.Bu k\u00f6klere depo k\u00f6k denir.
\n Duvar sarma\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 bitkilerde,g\u00f6vdenin duvar veya a\u011fa\u00e7 gibi y\u00fcksek yerler t\u0131rmanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6vdeden \u00e7\u0131kan tutunma k\u00f6kleri vard\u0131r.
\n \u00d6zellikle uzun boylu bitkilerde bitkinin devrilmesini engelleyen destek k\u00f6kler vard\u0131r.M\u0131s\u0131r bitkisinde destek k\u00f6kleri \u00e7ok belirgindir.
\n Oksijence fakir batakl\u0131k gibi topraklarda yeti\u015fen deve taban\u0131 gibi bitkilerde hava almaya yarayan hava k\u00f6kleri vard\u0131r.Bu k\u00f6kler ayn\u0131 zamanda bitkinin zemine daha sa\u011flam tutunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n Ba\u015fka bitkiler \u00fczerinde parazit olarak ya\u015fayan \u00f6kse otu ve \u00e7in sa\u00e7\u0131 gibi bitkilerde s\u00f6m\u00fcrme k\u00f6kleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1-Bitkilerde G\u00f6vde \u00c7e\u015fitleri
\n Bitkide ,k\u00f6kten sonra olu\u015fan ikinci organ g\u00f6vde dir.Bitkilerin genellikle tprak \u00fcst\u00fcnde bulunan k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r.G\u00f6vde, bitkinin toprak \u00fcst\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcnen dal,yaprak ve meyve gibi k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan yap\u0131d\u0131r.
\n G\u00f6vdenin G\u00f6revleri
\n 1-Bitkiyi dik tutarak;yaprak,\u00e7i\u00e7ek ve meyveleri ta\u015f\u0131r.
\n 2-K\u00f6k\u00fcn emdi\u011fi su ve madensel tuzlar\u0131 bitkinin t\u00fcm k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na iletir.
\n 3-bitkinin yapra\u011f\u0131nda fotosentezle \u00fcretilen besini t\u00fcm k\u0131s\u0131mlara iletir.
\n * Patates ve yer elmas\u0131 nda oldu\u011fu gibi baz\u0131 g\u00f6vdeler besin depo ederler.
\n *Kakt\u00fcs gibi kurak b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan baz\u0131 bitkiler de su depo ederler.
\n *Baz\u0131 ye\u015fil g\u00f6vdeler,sebzelerde oldu\u011fu gibi,fotosentez yapabilir ve besin \u00fcretebilir.
\n *\u00dcz\u00fcm asma bitkisinde oldu\u011fu gibi baz\u0131 g\u00f6vdeler bitkinin t\u0131rmanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar.
\n Her g\u00f6vdede bir ana g\u00f6vde ile bu ana g\u00f6vdeden \u00e7\u0131kan dallar bulunur.Bitkilerin g\u00f6rev,\u00e7e\u015fit ve \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re g\u00f6vde \u00e7e\u015fitleri vard\u0131r.Bu \u00e7e\u015fitlilik \u00f6zelli\u011fine ,iklim ve ortam \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Bu\u011fday\u0131n ve k\u0131rlarda yeti\u015fen otlar\u0131n g\u00f6vdesiyle,bir \u00e7am a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6vdesini hi\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131?Bitkilerdeki g\u00f6vde yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda iki \u00e7e\u015fit g\u00f6vde yap\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.Elma,\u00e7am,ceviz gibi uzun y\u0131llar ya\u015fayan bitkilerde odunsu g\u00f6vde vard\u0131r.Fasulye,m\u0131s\u0131r,domates gibi y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde sadece belli bir sezon ya\u015fayan bitkilerde otsu g\u00f6vde vard\u0131r.
\n Otsu ve Odunsu G\u00f6vdeler:
\n Genellikle ilkbaharla birlikte ye\u015feren,sonbaharda sarar\u0131p kuruyan,k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ise yok olan g\u00f6vdelere otsu g\u00f6vde denir.\u0130nce,zay\u0131f g\u00f6vdeleri olan otsu bitkiler 1-2 y\u0131l ya\u015farlar.Fasulye,m\u0131s\u0131r,\u0131spanak gibi sebzelerle;yonca,\u00e7ay\u0131r \u00e7imen otlar\u0131 gibi bitkiler otsu g\u00f6vdelere \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.
\n Otsu bitkiler ,yer alt\u0131 g\u00f6vdeleri ve yer \u00fcst\u00fc g\u00f6vdeleri olmak \u00fczere iki tip g\u00f6vde yap\u0131s\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n
1-Otsu G\u00f6vdeler
\n Yer \u00dcst\u00fc G\u00f6vdeleri
\n a-Sar\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6vde:\u00d6rnek;sarma\u015f\u0131k,asma,fasulye
\n b-S\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6vde:\u00d6rnek;\u00e7ilek,karpuz,kavun
\n c-Dik g\u00f6vde:\u00d6rnek;g\u00fcl,zambak
\n d-K\u0131sa g\u00f6vde:\u00d6rnek;havu\u00e7,turp
\n Yer Alt\u0131 G\u00f6vdeleri
\n a-Rizom g\u00f6vde:\u00d6rnek;iris(m\u00fchr\u00fc s\u00fcleyman),manisa lalesi,ball\u0131 baba
\n b-Yass\u0131 g\u00f6vde:\u00d6rnek;so\u011fan,sar\u0131msak,p\u0131rasa
\n c-Yumru g\u00f6vde:\u00d6rnek;patates
\n Otsu g\u00f6vdeler sadece bir sezon ya\u015fay\u0131p \u00f6len bitkilerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Bu bitkilerdeki g\u00f6vdeler,zay\u0131f,sulu ve ye\u015fil olurlar.Bitki sadece yapraklar\u0131yla yapaca\u011f\u0131 fotosentez le yetinmeyip g\u00f6vdesiyle de yapar.Bu \u015fekilde k\u0131sac\u0131k bir zamanda \u00e7ok zengin bir besin deposu haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olur.Domates,patl\u0131can,lahana,karpuz,kavun gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rnek verebiliriz.
\n2-Odunsu G\u00f6vde
\n A\u011fa\u00e7larda oldu\u011fu gibi ,\u00e7ok y\u0131l ya\u015fayan bitkilerin sa\u011flam ve sert yap\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6vdelerine odunsu g\u00f6vde denir.Odunsu g\u00f6vdeli bitkiler,g\u00f6vdeleri her y\u0131l biraz daha kal\u0131nla\u015farak ve boyuna uzayarak b\u00fcy\u00fcrler.G\u00f6vdeleri sert kal\u0131n ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.G\u00f6vdede bulunan h\u00fccrelerin,\u00e7eperlerinde odun \u00f6z\u00fc birikir.Odun \u00f6z\u00fc bitkiye sertlik ve sa\u011flaml\u0131k verir.Elma,armut,\u015feftali,kiraz gibi meyveli a\u011fa\u00e7larla,\u00e7am,s\u00f6\u011f\u00fct,kavak gibi meyvesiz a\u011fa\u00e7lar odunsu g\u00f6vdeli bitkilerdir.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6vde T\u00fcrleri S\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcc\u00fc G\u00f6vde
\n Baz\u0131 g\u00f6vdeler toprak \u00fcst\u00fcnde s\u00fcr\u00fcnerek geli\u015fir.Kavun,karpuz,kabak,salatal\u0131k gibi bitkiler zay\u0131f ve uzun olan g\u00f6vdeleriyle toprak \u00fczerinde dik duramaz,ancak s\u00fcr\u00fcnerek geli\u015firler.
\n Etli G\u00f6vdeler
\n Kakt\u00fcs gibi kurak ve s\u0131cak yerlerde ya\u015fayan bitkilerde g\u00f6vde,etli bir yap\u0131dad\u0131r ve su depo eder.Bitki bu \u015fekilde depo etti\u011fi su ile zaman ya\u015fayabilmektedir.
\n Yumru G\u00f6vdeler
\n Patetes bitkisinin hem yer alt\u0131nda hem yer \u00fcst\u00fcnde g\u00f6vdeleri vard\u0131r.Yer alt\u0131ndaki g\u00f6vde yedek besin depo eder.Bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6vdelere yumru g\u00f6vde denir.
\n Yass\u0131 G\u00f6vdeler
\n So\u011fan,sar\u0131msak,lale ve p\u0131rasada g\u00f6vde k\u0131sa ve yass\u0131d\u0131r.Bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6vdeler yass\u0131 g\u00f6vdelerdir.
\n Yer Alt\u0131 G\u00f6vdeleri
\n Bu g\u00f6vdelere rizom ad\u0131 da verilebilir.Manisa lalesi,ball\u0131 baba,iris gibi bitkilerde g\u00f6vde toprak alt\u0131nda ve y\u00fczeye paralel olarak uzan\u0131r.Belirli yerlerden tomurcuk olu\u015fur ve toprak \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar.
\n Otsu g\u00f6vdeler tek y\u0131ll\u0131k,odunsu g\u00f6vdeler ise \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkilerdir.Odunsu g\u00f6vdelerin d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda mantar tabakas\u0131 bulunur.G\u00f6vdenin kahverengi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini sa\u011flar ve g\u00f6vdeyi d\u0131\u015f etkilerden korur.
\n Odunsu G\u00f6vdelerde Ya\u015f Halkalar\u0131
\n Odunsu g\u00f6vdeli bir bitkinin g\u00f6vdesi kesildi\u011finde merkezden \u00e7evreye do\u011fru geni\u015fleyen halkalar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Bu halkalara ya\u015f halkalar denir.Ya\u015f halkalar\u0131 her y\u0131l olu\u015fan iletim borular\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tabakad\u0131r.Bitkinin ya\u015f\u0131 ya\u015f halkalar\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/p>\n
3-Do\u011fan\u0131n Enerji D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve Besin Kayna\u011f\u0131 YaprakBitkinin g\u00f6vde ve dallar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131,genellikle ye\u015fil renkli,yass\u0131 organlard\u0131r.Yapraklar g\u00f6vde \u00fczerine dizilirken birbirinin \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rtmezler.B\u00f6ylece g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan t\u00fcm yapraklar en iyi \u015fekilde yararlan\u0131r.
\n Odunsu g\u00f6vdelerde kambiyum tabakas\u0131 bulunur.Kambiyum otsu g\u00f6vdelerde bulunmaz.
\n \u0130letim Demetleri
\n Bitkilerde iki t\u00fcr iletim demeti vard\u0131r.Bunlar soymuk borular\u0131 ve odunsu borular d\u0131r.
\n Soymuk borular\u0131:Yapraklar taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen besin maddelerini t\u00fcm v\u00fccuda da\u011f\u0131tan yap\u0131lard\u0131r.Canl\u0131 h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.
\n Odunsu borular\u0131:\u00d6nceden canl\u0131 olup,daha sonradan \u00f6lerek i\u00e7i bo\u015falm\u0131\u015f h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015furlar.K\u00f6k taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan su ve mineraller bitkinin di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na odunsu borularla ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.
\n Tomurcuk- Kulak\u00e7\u0131k
\n Yaprak k\u0131n\u0131 ile dal aras\u0131nda tomurcuk vard\u0131r.Baz\u0131 bitkilerde yaprak k\u0131n\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131,yapra\u011f\u0131 and\u0131ran \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar vard\u0131r.G\u00fcl ve bezelye de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen bu yap\u0131lara kulak\u00e7\u0131k denir.
\n Yaprak \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fur;
\n 1-Yaprak k\u0131n\u0131:Yaprak sap\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6vdeye ba\u011flayan \u015fi\u015fkince k\u0131sma denir.
\n 2-Yaprak sap\u0131:Yaprak ayas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6vdeye ba\u011flayan k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r.
\n 3-Yaprak ayas\u0131:Yapra\u011f\u0131n geni\u015f ve yass\u0131 olan k\u0131sm\u0131na denir.Ayan\u0131n \u00fcst y\u00fcz\u00fc parlak ve d\u00fcz,alt
\n y\u00fcz\u00fc ise damarlanm\u0131\u015f \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Yaprak \u00c7e\u015fitleri
\n Yapraklar,dallara dizili\u015flerine ve yaprak aylar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re iki ana grupta incelenir.Yaprak ayas\u0131 tek par\u00e7a halinde olan yapraklara basit yaprak denir.Yaprak ayas\u0131 \u00e7ok par\u00e7al\u0131 ise bile\u015fik yaprak denir.
\n Basit yapraklar aya \u015fekline g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde incelenirler;
\n -Oval (kay\u0131s\u0131)
\n -\u015eeritli(bu\u011fday)
\n -Yuvarlak(ayva)
\n -\u0130\u011fne bi\u00e7iminde(\u00e7am)
\n -Spat\u00fcl \u015feklinde(s\u00f6\u011f\u00fct)<\/p>\n
D\u0130KKAT!!!!!!\u00dcst epidermis tabakas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki mumsu tabaka yapra\u011f\u0131n su kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.Yaprak devaml\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu \u00f6l\u00fc tabaka bulunmasayd\u0131 yaprak ya\u015fayamazd\u0131.
\n Mumsu tabaka ve \u00fcst epidermis tabakas\u0131 transparan yani \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irir \u00f6zelliktedir.B\u00f6ylece alt tabakalar da fotosentez yapabilir.
\n Yapra\u011f\u0131n G\u00f6revleri
\n 1-Fotosentez yaparak besin \u00fcretir.
\n 2-Solunum yapar.
\n 3-Terleme yaparak fazla suyu ve at\u0131k maddeleri d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atar.<\/p>\n
Yapra\u011f\u0131n Yap\u0131s\u0131Bir yapra\u011f\u0131 mikroskopta inceledi\u011fimiz zaman \u015fu k\u0131s\u0131mlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr:
\n 1-\u00dcst Epidermis:
\n H\u00fccreler \u00e7ok s\u0131k dizilmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r.G\u00f6rev yapra\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f etkilere kar\u015f\u0131 korumak ve g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 alt tabakalara ge\u00e7irmektir.\u00dczerinde \u00f6l\u00fc mumsu bir tabaka vard\u0131r.\u00dcst epidermis h\u00fccrelerinde kloroplast olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan fotosentez yapamazlar.\u00dcst
\n epidermisin alt\u0131nda bulunan h\u00fccreler s\u0131k\u0131 bir dizili\u015fe sahiptir.Bu h\u00fccrelerde kloroplast bulunur ve \u00fczerlerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde fotosentez yapabilirler.
\n Bitki yapra\u011f\u0131nda,topraktan gelen su ve havadan al\u0131nan karbondioksit g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde birle\u015ftirilir.Bunun sonucunda besin ve oksijen a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar.Fotosentez ad\u0131 verilen bu olay sonucunda \u00fcretilen besin ve oksijen b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli en \u00f6nemli maddelerdir.<\/p>\n
Karbondioksit+Su Besin+Oksijen
\n Fotosentez sonucunda besin,bitkinin k\u00f6k,g\u00f6vde ve yaprak gibi k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na depo edilir.Bitkiler bu besinlerin \u00e7ok az miktar\u0131n\u0131 kendi hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r.Depo edilen besinler \u00e7o\u011funlukla di\u011fer canl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r.Fotosentezin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131,su ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.Su olmadan bitkiler ya\u015fayamaz.So\u011fuk ortamda fotosentez h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.I\u015f\u0131k olmayan ortamda fotosentez olmaz.<\/p>\n
Mumsu tabaka ve \u00fcst epidermis tabakas\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irir \u00f6zelliktedir.B\u00f6ylece alt tabakalar fotosentez yapabilir.
\n 2-S\u00fcngerimsi Tabakalar
\n Her h\u00fccrede kloroplast vard\u0131r.Fotosentez yapra\u011f\u0131n bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.
\n 3-Alt Epidermis
\n Yapra\u011f\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyini \u00f6rten h\u00fccreler aras\u0131nda stoma ad\u0131 verilen yap\u0131lar vard\u0131r.Stomalar iki h\u00fccrenin bir araya gelmesi ile olu\u015fan yap\u0131lard\u0131r.Bu iki h\u00fccreye de stoma h\u00fccreleri denir.\u0130ki h\u00fccre ars\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fa ise stoma a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 denir.Stomalar bitkinin gaz al\u0131\u015fveri\u015flerini ve terleme ile bitkinin yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki su miktar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemekle g\u00f6revlidir.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 Yaprak \u00c7e\u015fitleri
\n a-Besin depo eden yaprak:So\u011fan,lahana ve marul bitkilerinde oldu\u011fu gibi baz\u0131 bitkilerde yapraklar etlenip besin depo edecek yap\u0131dad\u0131r.
\n b-Diken yaprak:S\u0131cak yerlerde,\u00f6zellikle \u00e7\u00f6llerde ya\u015fayan bitkiler suya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7 duyar.Diken \u015feklindeki yapraklar terleme olay\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.En g\u00fczel \u00f6rnek kakt\u00fcst\u00fcr.
\n c-S\u00fcl\u00fck yaprak:Bezelye ve bur\u00e7ak gibi bitkilerin yapraklar\u0131,g\u00f6vdenin \u00e7\u0131talara tutunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak yap\u0131ya sahiptir.Bunlara da s\u00fcl\u00fck yaprak denir.<\/p>\n
4-DO\u011eAYA G\u00dcZELL\u0130K KATAN \u00c7\u0130\u00c7EK\u00c7i\u00e7ekli bitkilerde k\u00f6k,g\u00f6vde ve yapraklardan sonra en son olu\u015fan organ \u00e7i\u00e7ek tir.\u00c7i\u00e7ek bitkilerin \u00fcreme organ\u0131d\u0131r.\u00c7i\u00e7ek 4 ana k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fur.Bunlar d\u0131\u015ftan i\u00e7e do\u011fru
\n 1-\u00c7anak yaprak
\n 2-Ta\u00e7 yaprak
\n 3-Erkek organ
\n 4-Di\u015fi organ<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00dczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda on milyon civar\u0131nda canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.Kara ve su olmak \u00fczere iki temel ya\u015fam ortam\u0131nda hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bu canl\u0131lar\u0131n her bir t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 onlarca \u00e7e\u015fidi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir.Bu kadar canl\u0131y\u0131 tek tek incelemek imkans\u0131zd\u0131r.O halde bunlar\u0131 benzer gruplar \u015feklinde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmam\u0131z gerekir. Biyologlar do\u011fadaki canl\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nce ana gruplara,daha sonra yan gruplara ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.Bitkiler ve hayvanlar ana gruplardan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[8796,8785,8797,7746,8790,2498,7905,8792,2338,8783,7904,8782,8781,8789,8787,8786,8798,8784,8795,8794,7906,8793,8788,8791],"class_list":["post-3864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-alt-epidermis","tag-bitkilerde-govde-cesitleri","tag-canak-yaprak","tag-cicekli-bitkiler","tag-etli-govdeler","tag-fotosentez","tag-govde","tag-iletim-demetleri","tag-karbondioksit","tag-kazik-kok","tag-kok","tag-kok-cesitleri","tag-kokun-gorevleri","tag-odunsu-govde","tag-otsu-govdeler","tag-otsu-ve-odunsu-govdeler","tag-tac-yaprak","tag-tohumdan-bitkiye","tag-ust-epidermis","tag-yapragin-gorevleri","tag-yaprak","tag-yaprak-cesitleri","tag-yer-alti-govdeleri","tag-yumru-govdeler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3864","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3864"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3864\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3864"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3864"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}