\u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir olayd\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir.
\n \u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ebilenler :
\n O2,CO2,CO,su,mineraller,glikoz,fruktoz,galaktoz,ya \u011f asidi,gliserol,a.asit,vitamin,alkol
\n \u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7emeyenler :
\n Protein,ya\u011f,karbonhidrat
\n \u2022 4 yolla olur.
\n 1) D\u0130F\u00dcZYON
\n \u2022 Bir maddenin \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu (yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu) ortamdan az oldu\u011fu ortama (az yo\u011fun ortama) do\u011fru hareket etmesine denir.
\n \u2022 Porlardan ge\u00e7ebilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki maddeler dif\u00fczyona u\u011frar.Porlardan b\u00fcy\u00fck maddeler dif\u00fczyon yapamaz.
\n \u2022 Enerji harcanmaz.
\n \u2022 Enzim kullan\u0131lmaz.
\n \u2022 Canl\u0131 ve cans\u0131z ortamda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.Canl\u0131l\u0131k delili de\u011fildir.
\n \u2022 Denge sa\u011flanana kadar devam eder ve durur.
\n \u00d6RNEK : Odaya d\u00f6k\u00fclen kolonyan\u0131n her tarafa da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131.Akci\u011ferdeki oksijenin kana ge\u00e7mesi.\u0130nce ba\u011f\u0131rsaktaki glikozun kana ge\u00e7mesi.<\/p>\n
D\u0130F\u00dcZYONU ETK\u0130LEYEN FAKT\u00d6RLER
\n 1) K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck molek\u00fcller,b\u00fcy\u00fck molek\u00fcllere g\u00f6re daha kolay ge\u00e7erler.
\n 2) N\u00f6tr molek\u00fcller iyonlara g\u00f6re daha kolay ge\u00e7er.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc zar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 da iyonik yap\u0131dad\u0131r.
\n Negatif iyonlar biraz daha kolay ge\u00e7er.
\n 3) Ya\u011fda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddeler de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyenlere g\u00f6re daha kolay ge\u00e7er.(A,D,E,K vitaminleri)
\n 4) Ya\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zen maddelerde kolay ge\u00e7er.(Alkol ve eter gibi.)
\n 5) Por say\u0131s\u0131 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a dif\u00fczyon h\u0131z\u0131 da artar.
\n 6) \u0130ki ortam aras\u0131ndaki yo\u011funluk fark\u0131 ne kadar \u00e7oksa dif\u00fczyonda o kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 olur.
\n 7) Ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fazla olan ortamlarda dif\u00fczyon h\u0131zl\u0131 olur.
\n D\u0130YAL\u0130Z : Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f maddelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131 ge\u00e7irgen zardan dif\u00fczyonuna denir.B\u00f6brekleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan insanlarda suni olarak olu\u015fturulan bir ortamla kandaki \u00fcre temizlenir.
\n 2) OSMOZ
\n \u2022 Suyun dif\u00fczyonudur.Suyun \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu yerden az oldu\u011fu yere ge\u00e7mesidir.<\/p>\n
H\u0130PERTON\u0130K ORTAM(\u00c7OK YO\u011eUN ORTAM)
\n \u2022 Bir h\u00fccre kendisinden daha yo\u011fun bir ortama konursa su kaybederek b\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr.Bu olaya
\n plazmoliz denir.\u00d6RNEK : Tuzlanan derinin su kaybederek b\u00fcz\u00fclmesi.<\/p>\n
H\u0130POTON\u0130K ORTAM(AZ YO\u011eUN ORTAM)
\n \u2022 Bir h\u00fccre kendisinden daha az yo\u011fun bir ortama konursa su alarak \u015fi\u015fer.Bu olaya deplazmoliz denir.
\n \u2022 Bitki h\u00fccrelerinde deplazmoliz devam ederse h\u00fccre \u015fi\u015fer ve turgor durumuna ge\u00e7er.
\n \u2022 Hayvan h\u00fccrelerinde deplazmoliz devam ederse h\u00fccre patlar.Buna hemoliz denir.<\/p>\n
\u0130ZOTON\u0130K ORTAM(DENGE ORTAM)
\n \u2022 Bir h\u00fccre izotonik bir ortama konursa hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011framaz.<\/p>\n
OSMAT\u0130K BASIN\u00c7
\n \u2022 H\u00fccre i\u00e7erisindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f maddenin h\u00fccre zar\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7t\u0131r.Yada (etki=tepkiye
\n g\u00f6re)h\u00fccre d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki suyun yo\u011funluk fark\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 h\u00fccre i\u00e7erisine girmek i\u00e7in zarlara
\n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7t\u0131r.
\n \u2022 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f madde miktar\u0131 (h\u00fccrenin yo\u011funlu\u011fu) artt\u0131k\u00e7a osmatik bas\u0131n\u00e7 artar.
\n TURGOR BASINCI
\n \u2022 H\u00fccre i\u00e7erisindeki suyun h\u00fccre zar\u0131na (yada \u00e7epere) yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7t\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Kofullar taraf\u0131ndan ayarlan\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Turgor \u00e7ok artarsa su giri\u015fi durur.
\n \u2022 Turgor, otsu bitki ve yapraklar\u0131n dik durmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n \u2022 Turgor, stomalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n \u2022 Turgor, baz\u0131 nasti(\u0131rgan\u0131m) hareketlerini sa\u011flar.
\n \u2022 Suyun hareketi daima O.B’ \u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu yere do\u011frudur.
\n 3) AKT\u0130F TA\u015eIMA
\n \u2022 Bir maddenin az oldu\u011fu yerden \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu yere ge\u00e7mesidir.
\n \u2022 Porlardan ge\u00e7ebilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki maddeler aktif ta\u015f\u0131ma ile ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Enzim kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Enerji harcan\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Sadece canl\u0131 h\u00fccrelerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n \u2022 Denge yoktur.
\n \u2022 Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 molek\u00fcller kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n \u00d6RNEK:\u0130nce ba\u011f\u0131rsaktaki glikozun kana ge\u00e7mesi.B\u00f6brekteki geri emilim.
\n NOT 1 : H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ebilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki bir maddenin miktar\u0131 h\u00fccre i\u00e7i ile h\u00fccre
\n d\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturuyorsa burada aktif ta\u015f\u0131ma var demektir.
\n NOT 2 : S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131,molek\u00fcl\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmaz.
\n 4) ENDOS\u0130TOZ VE EKZOS\u0130TOZ
\n \u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7emeyecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki maddelerin olu\u015fturulan ceplerle i\u00e7eri al\u0131nmas\u0131na endositoz;yine ayn\u0131 yolla d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lmas\u0131na ekzositoz denir.
\n \u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7emeyecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki kat\u0131 maddelerin i\u00e7eri al\u0131nmas\u0131na fagositoz;s\u0131v\u0131 maddelerin i\u00e7eri al\u0131nmas\u0131na pinositoz denir.<\/p>\n
ENDOS\u0130TOZUN \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130
\n \u2022 Enerji harcan\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Enzim kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n \u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131 azal\u0131r.H\u00fccrenin i\u00e7eri\u011fi artar.
\n \u2022 H\u00fccreye al\u0131nan bu b\u00fcy\u00fck maddeler lizozomdaki ve besin kofulundaki h\u00fccre i\u00e7i enzimlerle par\u00e7alan\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Tek h\u00fccrelilerde ve akyuvarlar da \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n \u2022 Canl\u0131l\u0131k delilidir.
\n \u2022 Denge yoktur.
\n \u2022 Bitki h\u00fccrelerinde ve di\u011fer \u00e7eperi olan h\u00fccrelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/p>\n
EKZOS\u0130TOZUN \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130
\n \u2022 Enerji harcan\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Enzim kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n \u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131 artar.H\u00fccrenin i\u00e7eri\u011fi azal\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Canl\u0131l\u0131k delilidir.
\n \u2022 Denge yoktur.
\n \u2022 Bo\u015falt\u0131m kofulu ve golgi yard\u0131m\u0131yla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Bitki ve hayvan h\u00fccrelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n NOT 3 : Tatl\u0131 sularda ya\u015fayan bir h\u00fccrelilerde fazla suyu d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atan kontraktil koful
\n bulunur.H\u00fccre i\u00e7erisindeki fazla suyun nedeni suyun osmozla i\u00e7eri girmesidir.
\n NOT 4 : Bir bitki h\u00fccresinin turgor durumuna ge\u00e7mesinde a)Ortam\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu
\n b)H\u00fccre i\u00e7indeki madde yo\u011funlu\u011fu c)\u00c7eperin sel\u00fclozdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 etkilidir.
\n NOT 5 : Endositoz ve ekzositozda yo\u011funluk fark\u0131 yoktur.Ama aktif ta\u015f\u0131ma,dif\u00fczyon ve
\n osmozda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir olayd\u0131r. \u2022 Canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir. \u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ebilenler : O2,CO2,CO,su,mineraller,glikoz,fruktoz,galaktoz,ya \u011f asidi,gliserol,a.asit,vitamin,alkol \u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7emeyenler : Protein,ya\u011f,karbonhidrat \u2022 4 yolla olur. 1) D\u0130F\u00dcZYON \u2022 Bir maddenin \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu (yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu) ortamdan az oldu\u011fu ortama (az yo\u011fun ortama) do\u011fru hareket etmesine denir. \u2022 Porlardan ge\u00e7ebilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki maddeler dif\u00fczyona …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[6113,6110,2285,2540,2541,2305,2508,6233,2549,2539,2303,3494,8826,2113,2542],"class_list":["post-3873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-ekzositoz","tag-endositoz","tag-enzim","tag-fruktoz","tag-galaktoz","tag-glikoz","tag-gliserol","tag-hucrede-madde-alisverisi","tag-karbonhidrat","tag-mineraller","tag-protein","tag-su","tag-suyun-difuzyonu","tag-yag","tag-yag-asidi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3873"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3873\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}