N\u00fckleer Kazalar <\/p>\n
N\u00fckleer g\u00fcce bu kadar \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7ok nedeni vard\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak yeni bir teknolojinin halk taraf\u0131ndan hemen kabul g\u00f6rmesi \u00e7ok zordur. \u0130kinci olarak, n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7le ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck tan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ikinci d\u00fcnya savas\u0131nda at\u0131lan bombalarla olmas\u0131, halkta psikolojik korkular yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu korku ancak e\u011fitim ve ileti\u015fimle giderilebilir.
\nHi\u00e7 bir n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santralinin n\u00fckleer bomba gibi patlama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmasa da ve n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santral\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n her hangi bir end\u00fcstriyel tesisinkinden \u00e7ok daha iyi oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ekse de, ilk ticari ya da askeri ama\u00e7l\u0131 n\u00fckleer faaliyetlerden bu yana, baz\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lanan bir \u00e7ok kaza meydana gelmi\u015ftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc yap\u0131lan bu kazalar, gerek nicelik gerekse nitelik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan di\u011fer end\u00fcstri kollar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 riske g\u00f6re n\u00fckleer end\u00fcstrinin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir g\u00f6stergesi olabilmektedir. <\/p>\n
\u0130yonla\u015fma Radyasyonuna Maruz Kalma Sonucu \u00d6l\u00fcmle Sonu\u00e7lanan N\u00fckleer Tesis Kazalar\u0131
\n\u2022\t08-08-1945 – Los Alamos (ABD), 1 \u00f6l\u00fc; kritiklik kazas\u0131: Kritik alt\u0131 bir yak\u0131t eleman\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresine yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 blok yerle\u015ftiren i\u015f\u00e7i, yak\u0131t k\u00fctlesinin kritikli\u011fe ula\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan radyasyondan \u00f6l\u00fcr.
\n\u2022\t21-05-1946 – Los Alamos (ABD), 1 \u00f6l\u00fc; kritiklik kazas\u0131, bir \u00f6ncekine benzer bir kaza.
\n\u2022\t15-10-1958 – Vinca (Yugoslavya), 1 \u00f6l\u00fc; biyolojik z\u0131rhlama olmadan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir kritiklik deneyi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, operat\u00f6r hatas\u0131 sonucu kontrols\u00fcz kritiklik nedeniyle 6 personel radyasyona maruz kal\u0131r, bir ki\u015fi \u00f6l\u00fcr, be\u015f ki\u015fi ilik kanseri tedavisi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.
\n\u2022\t03-01-1968 – Idaho Falls (ABD), 3 \u00f6l\u00fc; SL1 ara\u015ft\u0131rma reakt\u00f6r\u00fc, kontrol \u00e7ubu\u011funun elle \u00e7ekilmesi sonucu reakt\u00f6r koruna fazla miktarda reaktivite sokulur, ani ve \u00e7ok miktarda g\u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fckselmesi sonucu olu\u015fan “su \u00e7ekici” nedeni ile meydana gelen patlamada \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.
\n\u2022\t24-07-1964 – Woods River (ABD), 1 \u00f6l\u00fc; kritiklik kazas\u0131, y\u00fcksek zenginlikteki uranil nitrat sol\u00fcsyonunun ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana gelmi\u015ftir.
\n\u2022\t13-05-1975 – \u0130talya, 1 \u00f6l\u00fc; g\u0131da sterilizasyon tesisinde Kobalt-60 kayna\u011f\u0131ndan yay\u0131lan radyasyon sonucu \u00f6l\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.
\n\u2022\t23-09-1983 – Constitiuyentes (Arjantin), 1 \u00f6l\u00fc; reakt\u00f6r koru modifikasyonu s\u0131ras\u0131nda ani g\u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fckselmesi nedeniyle operat\u00f6r \u00f6l\u00fcr.
\n\u2022\t26-04-1986 – \u00c7ernobil (SSCB); Kontrols\u00fcz ani g\u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fckselmesi kazas\u0131, yan\u0131k ve travma nedeniyle iki ani \u00f6l\u00fcm, 10 g\u00fcnl\u00fck periyot boyunca atmosfere radyoaktif fisyon \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin at\u0131lmas\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 ki\u015finin akut hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na tutulmas\u0131 ve bunlardan 29′ unun kazay\u0131 izleyen \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6lmesi. <\/p>\n
\u00c7evre \u00dczerinde Etkisi Olan ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n I\u015f\u0131maya Maruz Kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7 Santrali Kazalar\u0131
\n\u00d6nemli n\u00fckleer kazalar i\u00e7inde sadece biri, Windscale kazas\u0131 ger\u00e7ek \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Di\u011fer t\u00fcm kazalar, reakt\u00f6r par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren, birka\u00e7\u0131 personelin \u0131\u015f\u0131maya maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylard\u0131r.
\n\u2022\t1957 – Windscale (\u0130ngiltere); Metal uranyum yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n so\u011futulmas\u0131 kayb\u0131 sonucu \u00e7\u0131kan reakt\u00f6r yang\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r. Fisyon \u00fcr\u00fcnleri atmosfere yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hemen \u00e7evrenin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n izlenmesine ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in s\u00fct da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 durdurulmu\u015ftur.
\n\u2022\t1958 – Chalk River N.R.U. (Kanada); Bozuk yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n reakt\u00f6r korundan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, yak\u0131t\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131ma konteynerine s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p, daha sonra depolama kuyusuna d\u00fc\u015ferek yanmas\u0131 kazas\u0131d\u0131r. Kaza ve tamirat s\u0131ras\u0131nda 3 ki\u015fi 100-200 miliSievert, 15 ki\u015fi 50-100 mSi., 30 ki\u015fi 30-50 mSi. radyasyon alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alana da radyoaktif \u00fcr\u00fcnler yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ancak yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesinden uzak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu fazla \u00f6nemli olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022\tMart 1965 – Chinon A1 (Fransa); Girilmez i\u015faretini g\u00f6rmeyip, yak\u0131t de\u011fi\u015ftirme b\u00f6lgesine giren bir i\u015f\u00e7i 0.50 Gray doz alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022\tEyl\u00fcl 1979 – Chinon A2 (Fransa); Karbon-dioksit ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda iki i\u015f\u00e7i 340 mSi ve 110 mSi. doz alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Santralin Mevcudiyeti \u00dczerinde Etkili Olan Kazalar :
\nA\u011eIR SULU REAKT\u00d6RLER
\n\u2022\t1952 – NRX, Ani g\u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fckselmesi sonucu \u00e7ok say\u0131da yak\u0131t erimi\u015ftir.
\n\u2022\t1969 – Lucens (\u0130svi\u00e7re), Bas\u0131n\u00e7 t\u00fcp\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 ve k\u0131smi kor erimesi, bina i\u00e7ersinde y\u00fcksek kirlenme olmu\u015f ancak d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya ka\u00e7ak yok. Tesis kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022\t1968 – EL4 (Fransa), Bozuk buhar \u00fcretecinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi tesisin iki y\u0131l kapal\u0131 kalmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.
\nGAZ SO\u011eUTMALI REAKT\u00d6RLER
\n\u2022\t1967 – Chapel Cross (\u0130ngiltere), Yak\u0131t elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n erimesi sonucu reakt\u00f6r iki y\u0131l kapal\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022\t1969 – Saint-Laurent A1 (Fransa), Yak\u0131t eleman\u0131n\u0131n erimesi ile yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 kg. uranyum reakt\u00f6r kab\u0131na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve tesis bir y\u0131l kapal\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022\t1980 – Saint-Laurent A1 (Fransa), metal plakalar\u0131n so\u011futucu kanallar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131kamas\u0131 sonucu 2 yak\u0131t eleman\u0131 erimi\u015f, reakt\u00f6r iki bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l kapal\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBASIN\u00c7LI SU REAKT\u00d6RLERI
\nReakt\u00f6r i\u00e7erisinde meydana gelen olaylar tesislerin uzunca s\u00fcre kapal\u0131 kalmalar\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Bu tip reakt\u00f6rler i\u00e7inde en \u00f6nemli kaza, Three Mile Island 2 kazas\u0131d\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u00e7lay\u0131c\u0131daki emniyet vanas\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla kapal\u0131 kalmas\u0131 ve operat\u00f6r\u00fcn g\u00fcvenlik enjeksiyonunu ve pompalar\u0131 erken kapatmas\u0131 ve buhar \u00fcreteci besleme suyunun kayb\u0131 sonucu reakt\u00f6r korunun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 erimi\u015f ve reakt\u00f6r kab\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kirlenmi\u015ftir. Atmosfere sal\u0131nan radyoaktivite miktar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nKAYNAR SULU REAKT\u00d6RLER
\n\u2022\t1975 – Browms Ferry (ABD), Reakt\u00f6r kab\u0131 kablo deliklerinin kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan uygunsuz metotlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131n nedeniyle reakt\u00f6r 17 ay kapal\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022\t1972 – Millstone (ABD), Kondenser t\u00fcplerindeki ka\u00e7ak y\u00fcz\u00fcnden buhar devresine giren deniz suyu nedeniyle reakt\u00f6r 6 ay kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nHIZLI \u00dcRETKEN REAKT\u00d6RLER
\n1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda EBR1 (ABD) ‘de yak\u0131t erimesi binan\u0131n kirlenmesine, tesisin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. 1966’ da Enrico Fermi (ABD) ‘de iki yak\u0131t eleman\u0131n\u0131n erimesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden 4 y\u0131l normal i\u015fletime d\u00f6n\u00fclememi\u015ftir. 1973’te SSCB’de buhar \u00fcretecinde sodyum-su etkile\u015fimi meydana gelmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 sorun 1976, 1982 ve 1983’te Phenix (Fransa) reakt\u00f6r\u00fcnde de g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u00fckleer Kazalar N\u00fckleer g\u00fcce bu kadar \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7ok nedeni vard\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak yeni bir teknolojinin halk taraf\u0131ndan hemen kabul g\u00f6rmesi \u00e7ok zordur. \u0130kinci olarak, n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7le ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck tan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ikinci d\u00fcnya savas\u0131nda at\u0131lan bombalarla olmas\u0131, halkta psikolojik korkular yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu korku ancak e\u011fitim ve ileti\u015fimle giderilebilir. Hi\u00e7 bir n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santralinin n\u00fckleer …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[1437,1436],"class_list":["post-388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-nukleer-bomba","tag-nukleer-kazalar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=388"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/388\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=388"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=388"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}