Canl\u0131lar ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in, ortamdan besin ve oksijen al\u0131rlar Al\u0131nan bu maddeler h\u00fccrelere ta\u015f\u0131nmak zorun\u00acdad\u0131r Bir h\u00fccrelilerde ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemi yoktur Zar y\u00fczeyi ile al\u0131\u00acnan maddeler sitoplazmik hareketlerle veya endoplazmik re-tikulumla h\u00fccre i\u00e7ine yay\u0131l\u0131rlar \u00c7ok h\u00fccrelilerde ise ta\u015f\u0131ma ve\u00acya dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi bulunur <\/p>\n
Bitkilerde Ta\u015f\u0131ma
\n Bitkilerde ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemine ilk olarak e\u011frelti otlar\u0131nda rastla- -n\u0131r Bitkilerde ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemi odun (ksilem) ve soymuk (floem) borular\u0131ndan olu\u015fur Odun demetleri; odun borular\u0131, canl\u0131 pa\u00acrankima h\u00fccreleri ve destek h\u00fccrelerinden olu\u015fur Soymuk demetleri ise, soymuk borular\u0131, arkada\u015f h\u00fccreleri ve destek h\u00fccrelerinden olu\u015fur Odun ve soymuk borular\u0131n\u0131n birlikte olu\u015fturdu\u011fu demete iletim demeti denir Tek \u00e7eneklilerde ve tek y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7ift \u00e7eneklilerde odun ve soymuk borular\u0131 aras\u0131nda kambiyum bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bu demetlere kapal\u0131 demet de\u00acnir \u00c7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7ift \u00e7eneklilerde ise kambiyum bulundu\u011fundan bu demetlere de a\u00e7\u0131k demet denir, iletim demetleri k\u00f6k, g\u00f6v\u00acde ve yaprakta bulunur
\n Bitkilerde iki ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemi bulunur
\n 1 Su ve Mineral Ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ;
\n Emici t\u00fcylerle al\u0131nan su ve mineraller, odun borular\u0131 ile ilgili b\u00f6lgelere iletilirler Odun boru (ksilem) h\u00fccreleri;
\n – \u00d6l\u00fcd\u00fcr ve ince boru olu\u015fturur
\n – \u0130letim a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r
\n – Su ve mineral ta\u015f\u0131r
\n Su ve minerallerin bitkinin \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 fakt\u00f6r etkilidir -,
\n a) K\u00f6k Bas\u0131nc\u0131
\n – K\u00f6klerle suyun al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar
\n – K\u00f6kler topraktan daha yo\u011fundur
\n – Yo\u011funluk fark\u0131 ile k\u00f6klere suyun girmesidir
\n b) K\u0131lcall\u0131k fadezyon
\n – G\u00f6vdede suyun ilerlemesini sa\u011flar
\n – K\u0131lcal odun borular\u0131nda su molek\u00fcllerinin \u00e7ekilerek y\u00fck\u00acselmesidir
\n c) Terleme – Kohezyon
\n – Yapraklar\u0131n odun borular\u0131ndan su \u00e7ekmesini sa\u011flar
\n – Su molek\u00fclleri birbirini \u00e7eker
\n – K\u00f6kten yapra\u011fa su yolu olu\u015fur Terlemeyle su at\u0131l\u0131nca yo\u011funluk artar ve alt b\u00f6lgelerden su \u00e7ekilir, (yo\u011funluk kade-melenmesi) :
\n 2 Organik Maddelerin Ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131
\n Yapraklarda olu\u015fturulan organik besinler ve k\u00f6klerde olu\u015fan amino asitler soymuk borular\u0131 ile ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar Soymuk boru (flo\u00acem) h\u00fccreleri;
\n – Canl\u0131d\u0131r ve maddeler sitoplazmadan ge\u00e7er
\n – Ta\u015f\u0131ma \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr, fakat ta\u015f\u0131ma h\u0131z\u0131 yava\u015ft\u0131r
\n – Glikoz, amino asit, vitamin Vs ta\u015f\u0131r
\n Organik maddelerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve dif\u00fczyon kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re olur
\n Yaprak ve Stoma
\n Yapraklar gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi, terleme, fotosentez ve oksijenli so\u00aclunumun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 organd\u0131r Yapraktaki stomalar gaz al\u0131\u015fveri\u00ac\u015fi ve terlemeyi sa\u011flayan g\u00f6zeneklerdir Stomalar;
\n – \u0130ki h\u00fccreden olu\u015fur ve epidermis h\u00fccrelerinden farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131r
\n – H\u00fccrelerin birbirlerine bakan y\u00fczlerinin \u00e7eperleri kal\u0131n d\u0131\u015fa bakan \u00e7eperleri incedir
\n – Kloroplast\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in fotosentez yapar, ni\u015fasta depolar
\n – Gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi ve terlemeyi sa\u011flar
\n – Kurak b\u00f6lge bitkilerinde yapraklar\u0131n ait y\u00fczeyine, sulak b\u00f6l\u00acge bitkilerinde yapraklar\u0131n \u00fcst y\u00fczeyinde ve \u0131l\u0131man b\u00f6lgelerde ise yapra\u011f\u0131n her iki y\u00fcz\u00fcnde bulunur
\n – Stoma epidermisle ayn\u0131 s\u0131rada (\u0131l\u0131man), i\u00e7eri girmi\u015f (kurak) veya d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f (sulak) olabilir
\n – K\u00f6kte, su bitkilerinde ve odunsu g\u00f6vdelerde stoma yoktur
\n – A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapanabilir
\n Stoman\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131
\n – Stoma h\u00fccrelerinin yo\u011funlu\u011fu artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r
\n – Fotosentezle glikoz \u00fcretilir
\n – Ni\u015fastadan glikoz olu\u015fturulur
\n – Kofuldaki mineraller sitoplazmaya bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131r
\n – Osmotik bas\u0131n\u00e7 artar
\n – Kom\u015fu h\u00fccrelerden su gelir
\n – Turgor bas\u0131nc\u0131 artar su
\n – Stoma a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r <\/p>\n
\u00d6nce Kapal\u0131
\n Stoman\u0131n Kapanmas\u0131
\n – Stoma h\u00fccrelerinin yo\u011funlu\u011fu azalt\u0131l\u0131r
\n – Oksijenli solunumla glikoz par\u00e7alan\u0131r
\n – Glikozlar ni\u015fastaya \u00e7evrilir
\n – Mineraller kofulda depolan\u0131r
\n – Osmotik bas\u0131n\u00e7 azal\u0131r
\n – Kom\u015fu h\u00fccrelere su gider
\n – Turgor bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer <\/p>\n
Hayvanlarda Dola\u015f\u0131m Sistemi <\/p>\n
Bir h\u00fccreli ve hidra gibi \u00e7ok h\u00fccreli canl\u0131larda oksijen ve besi\u00acnin al\u0131nmas\u0131, karbondioksit ve art\u0131klar\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u00fccut y\u00fczeyi ile olur Bu canl\u0131larda maddeler h\u00fccreden h\u00fccreye ge\u00e7ti\u011fin\u00acden dola\u015f\u0131m sistemleri yoktur Di\u011fer \u00e7ok h\u00fccreli hayvanlarda ise iki \u00e7e\u015fit dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi bulunur
\n 1 A\u00e7\u0131k Dola\u015f\u0131m
\n – Kan kalpten sonra v\u00fccut bo\u015fluklar\u0131nda (sin\u00fcs) dola\u015f\u0131r
\n – Atar ve toplardamarlar birbirinin devam\u0131 de\u011fildir
\n – K\u0131lcaldamar bulunmaz
\n – Kan ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 yava\u015ft\u0131r
\n – Baz\u0131 omurgas\u0131zlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr
\n – Karasal eklembacakl\u0131larda trake solunumu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, kan solunum gazlar\u0131 (O2 ve CO2) ta\u015f\u0131maz Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile solunum pigmenti yoktur
\n – A\u00e7\u0131k dola\u015f\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve solunga\u00e7 solunumu yapan canl\u0131lar\u00acda k\u0131lcaldamar sadece solunum organlar\u0131nda bulunur <\/p>\n
2 Kapal\u0131 Dola\u015f\u0131m
\n – Kan, v\u00fccut bo\u015flu\u011funa d\u00f6k\u00fclmez, damarlarda dola\u015f\u0131r
\n – Atar, toplar ve k\u0131lcaldamarlar birbirinin devam\u0131d\u0131r
\n – Kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r
\n – Omurgas\u0131zlardan halkal\u0131 solucan, baz\u0131 yumu\u015fak\u00e7alar (Ahta\u00acpot, m\u00fcrekkep bal\u0131\u011f\u0131) derisi dikenlilerde ve t\u00fcm omurgal\u0131larda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr
\n – Solunum sistemi ile dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r
\n – Kan, solunum gazlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r, solunum pigmenti bulunur a) Omurgas\u0131zlarda Dola\u015f\u0131m
\n – Baz\u0131lar\u0131nda (s\u00fcnger, hidra vs) dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi yoktur
\n – Baz\u0131lar\u0131nda (b\u00f6cekler) a\u00e7\u0131k dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi vard\u0131r
\n – Baz\u0131lar\u0131nda (toprak solucan\u0131) kapal\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi vard\u0131r
\n – \u00d6rne\u011fin toprak solucanlar\u0131nda;
\n – Kapal\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m vard\u0131r
\n – Kan\u0131n hareketini sa\u011flayan yap\u0131lar bulunur
\n – Derideki k\u0131lcallar gazlar\u0131 al\u0131r
\n – Sindirim kanal\u0131ndaki k\u0131lcallar besinleri al\u0131r <\/p>\n
b) Omurgal\u0131larda Dola\u015f\u0131m
\n – Kapal\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m bulunur
\n – Ta\u015f\u0131ma pigmentleri alyuvarlardad\u0131r
\n – Bal\u0131k, kurba\u011fa ve s\u00fcr\u00fcngenler so\u011fuk kanl\u0131d\u0131r
\n – Ku\u015f ve memeliler s\u0131cak kanl\u0131d\u0131r 1 Bal\u0131klarda Dola\u015f\u0131m *
\n – Kalp iki odal\u0131d\u0131r
\n – Temiz ve kirli kan kar\u0131\u015fmaz Kalpte her zaman kirli kan bu\u00aclunur
\n – Solunga\u00e7larda temizlenen kan kalbe d\u00f6nmez, v\u00fccuda da\u011f\u0131\u00act\u0131l\u0131r
\n 2 Kurba\u011falarda Dola\u015f\u0131m
\n – Kalp \u00fc\u00e7 odal\u0131d\u0131r
\n – Temiz ve kirli kan kalpte kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r V\u00fccuda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kan gider
\n – Kan larvada solunga\u00e7ta, erginde ise akci\u011ferde temizlenir <\/p>\n
3 S\u00fcr\u00fcngenlerde Dola\u015f\u0131m
\n – Kalp \u00fc\u00e7 odal\u0131d\u0131r ve yar\u0131m perdelidir (Timsahta d\u00f6rt odal\u0131 ve tam perdelidir)
\n – Temiz ve kirli kan kalpte kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r(Timsahta damarda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r) V\u00fccuda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kan gider
\n – Kan akci\u011ferlerde temizlenir
\n 4 Ku\u015f ve Memelilerde Dola\u015f\u0131m
\n – Kalp d\u00f6rt odal\u0131d\u0131r Temiz ve kirli kan ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131r
\n – Kan akci\u011ferlerde temizlenir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Canl\u0131lar ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in, ortamdan besin ve oksijen al\u0131rlar Al\u0131nan bu maddeler h\u00fccrelere ta\u015f\u0131nmak zorun\u00acdad\u0131r Bir h\u00fccrelilerde ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemi yoktur Zar y\u00fczeyi ile al\u0131\u00acnan maddeler sitoplazmik hareketlerle veya endoplazmik re-tikulumla h\u00fccre i\u00e7ine yay\u0131l\u0131rlar \u00c7ok h\u00fccrelilerde ise ta\u015f\u0131ma ve\u00acya dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi bulunur Bitkilerde Ta\u015f\u0131ma Bitkilerde ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemine ilk olarak e\u011frelti otlar\u0131nda rastla- -n\u0131r Bitkilerde ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[6003,2493,7780,2305,8932,6004,2465,5998,8928,8536,2164,8933,8929,8930,8927,8926,8931,4858],"class_list":["post-3927","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-acik-dolasim","tag-amino-asit","tag-bitkilerde-tasima","tag-glikoz","tag-kan-akis-hizi","tag-kapali-dolasim","tag-kloroplast","tag-kohezyon","tag-kok-basinci","tag-ksilem","tag-oksijen","tag-omurgalilarda-dolasim","tag-organik-maddelerin-tasinmasi","tag-osmotik-basinc","tag-su-ve-mineral-tasinmasi","tag-tasima-ve-dolasim-sistemleri","tag-turgor-basinci","tag-vitamin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3927","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3927"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3927\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3927"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}