Etoloji :
\n Etoloji do\u011fal ortam\u0131nda hayvan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Radikal etolojik yakla\u015f\u0131mda, davran\u0131\u015fsal incelemeler vah\u015fi do\u011fada yap\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hayvanlar\u0131n tepkilerinin do\u011fal ortamlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndayken bir anlam\u0131 olamaz. Hayvan tek ba\u015f\u0131na t\u00fcm sistemin yaln\u0131zca bir bile\u015fenidir, ve sistem onun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ortam\u0131 da i\u00e7ermek zorundad\u0131r. Hayvan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabaca \u00fc\u00e7 ana s\u0131n\u0131fta toplanabilir: <\/p>\n
Refleksler :Belirli d\u0131\u015f etkiler sonucu tetiklenen ani, istem d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tepkilerdir. Reflekssel davran\u0131\u015f yaln\u0131zca ona neden olan etki varoldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece devam eder. Dahas\u0131, tepki \u015fiddeti etkinin g\u00fcc\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Refleksler y\u00fcr\u00fcme ve di\u011fer y\u00fcksek koordinasyon gerektiren i\u015flerde kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. <\/p>\n
Y\u00f6nelimler :Hayvan\u0131 bir etkinin geldi\u011fi y\u00f6ne veya ters y\u00f6ne do\u011fru y\u00f6nelten davran\u0131\u015fsal tepkilerdir. Y\u00f6nelimler bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 t\u00fcr hayvanda g\u00f6rsel, kimyasal, mekanik ve elektromanyetik olaylar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda olu\u015fur. Kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n yol takibi kimyasal, sinek larvalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa ilerlemesi \u0131\u015f\u0131ksal y\u00f6nelime birer \u00f6rnektir. <\/p>\n
Sabit davran\u0131\u015f kal\u0131plar\u0131 :Refleksler gibi bir etki kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda olu\u015fur, fakat etkinin bitiminden sonra da s\u00fcrer. Tepkinin \u015fiddeti ve s\u00fcresi de, reflekslerin aksine, etkinin \u015fiddeti ve s\u00fcresine ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Sabit davran\u0131\u015f kal\u0131plar\u0131 istemli olabilir, ve basit bir reflekse sebep olanlardan \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f bir etki yelpazesi sonucu olu\u015fabilirler. \u00d6rnek olarak a\u011fustosb\u00f6celerinin \u00f6t\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve \u00e7ekirgelerin u\u00e7u\u015f kal\u0131plar\u0131 verilebilir. <\/p>\n
Canl\u0131larda davran\u0131\u015fa neden olan ba\u015fl\u0131ca uyar\u0131lar;
\n s\u0131cak, so\u011fuk, \u0131\u015f\u0131k, ses, kimyasal maddeler, yer \u00e7ekimi gibi d\u0131\u015f fakt\u00f6rlerle a\u00e7l\u0131k, susuzluk, a\u011fr\u0131 gibi i\u00e7 fakt\u00f6rlerdir. Ayr\u0131ca organizmalar, \u00e7evredeki di\u011fer canl\u0131 ve cans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 da belirli bir tepki g\u00f6sterir. <\/p>\n
Davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n organizmalar sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki temel yarar \u015f\u00f6yle verilebilir:
\n Bireyin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesini sa\u011flar.
\n Yavru yapma d\u00fczenini etkileyerek t\u00fcr\u00fcn devam\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.
\n Canl\u0131lar\u0131n hayatta kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 besin sa\u011flamaya, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131p korunmaya, \u00fcremeye ve yavrular\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctmeye y\u00f6nelik tepkilerdir. <\/p>\n
Davran\u0131\u015f biliminin \u00f6nc\u00fcleri <\/p>\n
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Rus Fizyolog Ivan Pavlov
\n Her ne kadar en iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f alan\u0131nda yapsa da
\n 1904\u2019te t\u0131p alan\u0131nda Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc ald\u0131. <\/p>\n
John B. Watson (1879-1958)
\n Amerikan psikolog.Davran\u0131\u015f biliminin kurucusu olarak tan\u0131n\u0131r.John Watson Davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n g\u00f6zlenirken ayn\u0131 zamanda ki\u015filerin i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n\u0131n, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin ve hislerinin de incelenmesi gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n
Konrad Lorenz
\n Avusturyal\u0131 zoolog. Konrad Lorenz 1973\u2019te t\u0131p alan\u0131nda nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f davran\u0131\u015f biliminin kurucusu olarak bilinir. \u0130nsanlar ve hayvanlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7evredeki olaylar\u0131n ve geneti\u011fin de etkisi oldu\u011funu savunurdu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Etoloji : Etoloji do\u011fal ortam\u0131nda hayvan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Radikal etolojik yakla\u015f\u0131mda, davran\u0131\u015fsal incelemeler vah\u015fi do\u011fada yap\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hayvanlar\u0131n tepkilerinin do\u011fal ortamlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndayken bir anlam\u0131 olamaz. Hayvan tek ba\u015f\u0131na t\u00fcm sistemin yaln\u0131zca bir bile\u015fenidir, ve sistem onun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ortam\u0131 da i\u00e7ermek zorundad\u0131r. Hayvan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabaca \u00fc\u00e7 ana s\u0131n\u0131fta toplanabilir: Refleksler :Belirli d\u0131\u015f …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[7711,9022,9024,9023,6450],"class_list":["post-3989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-etoloji","tag-hayvanlarda-dogal-davranislar","tag-konrad-lorenz","tag-refleksler","tag-zoolog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3989","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3989"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3989\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3989"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3989"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3989"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}