Anadolu\u2019da Kurulan \u0130lk T\u00dcrk Devletler\u0130 <\/p>\n
Anadolu\u2019da durum
\nOn\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc asr\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n n\u00fcfuzu alt\u0131na giren Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu devleti asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru ziyadesiyle zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f, bir vali kadar h\u00fckm\u00fc kalmayan son h\u00fck\u00fcmdar \u0130kinci G\u0131yaseddin Mesud\u2019un 1308\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle tamamen ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayaklanma ihtimallerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutan Mo\u011follar, Sel\u00e7uklu ailesine mensup prensleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler, n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunan topraklar\u0131, Anadolu umumi Valili\u011fi ismi alt\u0131nda toplayarak idaresini Mo\u011fol beylerinden birisine tevdi etmi\u015flerdir.
\n\u0130lhanl\u0131lar, Bat\u0131 ve G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya n\u00fcfuz edemediklerinden, buralardaki T\u00fcrkmen beyleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck devletler kurmu\u015flard\u0131. Sel\u00e7uklu devleti ismen son bulunca, bu beylikler daha fazla geni\u015flemek i\u00e7in gayretler sarf\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Yaln\u0131z, \u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n Anadolu umumi valilerinin en me\u015fhuru olan Emir \u00c7obano\u011flu Demirba\u015f (Timurta\u015f) Bey Anadolu\u2019yu tamamen Mo\u011follar\u0131n idaresi alt\u0131na sokmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130lhanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kesen veya gev\u015feten Anadolu beyliklerini ortadan kald\u0131rmak istediyse de emelinde muvaffak olamad\u0131. Demirta\u015f Beyin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Anadolu beyliklerine geni\u015f nefes ald\u0131rd\u0131.
\n\u0130lhanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Ebu Said Bahad\u0131r Han evlat b\u0131rakmadan 1335\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcnce \u0130lhanl\u0131 devleti son g\u00fcnlerini ya\u015famaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O s\u0131rada \u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n Anadolu valisi bulunan T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 Alaeddin Eretna Bey, \u0130lhanl\u0131lardaki saltanat kavgalar\u0131ndan faydalanarak, merkezi Sivas olmak \u00fczere bir devlet kurdu (1343). B\u00f6ylece, Anadolu\u2019nun do\u011fu ve orta taraflar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan ilhanl\u0131 n\u00fcfuz ve idaresi tamamen sona ererken Anadolu\u2019daki beylikler i\u00e7in birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 daha serbest bir m\u00fccadele devre a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oluyordu.
\nOnd\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc asr\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019daki beylikler: Karaman, Germiyan, Mente\u015fe, Hamit, Karesi, Ayd\u0131n, Saruhan, E\u015fref, Candar ve Osmano\u011fullar\u0131 idi. Orta Anadolu\u2019nun bir k\u0131sm\u0131na sahip Eretna o\u011fullar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da da ayr\u0131 beylik ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetler te\u015fekk\u00fcl etti. Bu beylikler aras\u0131nda, hususi beylik menfaatleri ve Anadolu birli\u011fini kurma meselesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar eksik olmad\u0131. Nihayet Anadolu birli\u011fini tesis Osmano\u011fullar\u0131na nasiboldu.
\nKaramano\u011fullar\u0131
\nAnadolu beylikleri i\u00e7inde ilk kurulan\u0131 ve uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcs\u00fc Karamano\u011fullar\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Beylikleri yeni kuruldu\u011fu s\u0131rada bile di\u011fer beyliklerden daha geni\u015f topra\u011fa sahip olmalar\u0131 \u00e7abuk geli\u015fmelerine vesile olmu\u015f ve kuvvetlenince de Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n merkezi Konya\u2019y\u0131 zaptetmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kendilerini Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n varisi addetmi\u015flerdir.
\nO\u011fuzlar\u0131n Salur yahut da Af\u015far boyundan olan Karamanl\u0131lar\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya ne zaman geldikleri kat\u2019i \u015fekilde belli de\u011fildir. Onlar\u0131n, Tu\u011frul Bey ile birlikte Anadolu\u2019ya geldiklerini ve Tu\u011frul Beyin d\u00f6nmesinden sonra burada kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bildiren eserler oldu\u011fu gibi, Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7mak suretiyle geldiklerini kaydeden kaynaklar da vard\u0131r. Karamanl\u0131lar\u0131n Anadolu\u2019daki yerle\u015fmelerine ait kat\u2019i tarih Birinci Alaeddin Keykubat zaman\u0131na rastlamaktad\u0131r. Alaeddin Keykubat Karamanl\u0131lar\u0131 1228\u2019de Ermenek y\u00f6resine yerle\u015ftirmi\u015fti.
\nKaramanl\u0131lar\u0131n ilk m\u00fchim tarihi \u015fahsiyeti Kerim\u00fcddin Karaman\u2019d\u0131r. Karamanl\u0131lar, ba\u015flar\u0131nda Kerim\u00fcddin Karaman bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada dahi Konya \u00fczerine h\u00fccumda bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r (1261). O\u011flu Mehmet Bey, Karamanl\u0131lar\u0131 daha fazla kuvvetlendirmi\u015f, Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n \u00e7ekmekte olduklar\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lardan faydalanm\u0131\u015f, M\u0131s\u0131r sultan\u0131 Baybars\u2019la siyasi m\u00fcnasebetlerde dahi bulunmu\u015ftur. Mehmet Bey Konya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fccuma ge\u00e7erek \u015fehri zaptetmi\u015f,. Sel\u00e7uk tarihlerinde Cimri diye bahsedilen Siyavu\u015f ad\u0131nda birini Sel\u00e7uk h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 ilan eylemi\u015f (1277) ise de, sonradan Mo\u011follar taraf\u0131ndan yenilerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nMehmet Beyden sonra gelen o\u011fullar\u0131 da Mo\u011follarla m\u00fccadeleye devam etmi\u015flerdir. \u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n Anadolu valilerinin en kudretlisi olan emir \u00c7oban ile o\u011flu Demirta\u015f Beye bile boyun e\u011fmemi\u015fler, fakat onlar\u0131n valilikleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda da \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 devreler atlatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nEmir \u00c7obano\u011flu Demirta\u015f Beyin M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcteakip rahat nefes alan Karamano\u011fullar\u0131, \u00fclkelerini daha kolayl\u0131kla geni\u015fletmeye koyulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Konya\u2019ya kat\u2019i \u015fekilde sahip olu\u015flar\u0131 da Demirta\u015f Beyin Anadolu\u2019dan uzakla\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonrad\u0131r.
\nOsmanl\u0131larla Karamanl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda ilk m\u00fcnasebet Orhan Bey zaman\u0131na rastlamaktad\u0131r. Karaman h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Alaeddin Ali Bey Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Birinci Murad\u2019\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Nefise Sultan\u2019la evlenmi\u015f, iki devlet aras\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ba\u011flar\u0131 teess\u00fcs etmi\u015fti. Akrabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok faydalanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Karamanl\u0131lard\u0131r. Bu ba\u011fa ra\u011fmen Alaeddin Ali Bey Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na tecav\u00fczden geri durmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nKay\u0131npederine kar\u015f\u0131 tecav\u00fczde bulunan Alaeddin Ali Bey kay\u0131nbiraderi olan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezit ile de iki defa muharebe etmi\u015ftir. Me\u015fhur Ak\u00e7ay muharebesinde Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019e yenilince Konya\u2019ya ka\u00e7\u0131p \u015fehre kapanm\u0131\u015f, fakat Konya Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan zaptedilerek kendisi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (1398). Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezit Konya\u2019dan sonra, Karamanl\u0131lar\u0131n daha \u00f6nceki merkezleri olan Larende (Karaman) kasabas\u0131n\u0131 da zaptetmi\u015f, Alaeddin Ale Beyin iki o\u011flunu Bursa\u2019ya g\u00f6ndererek muhafaza alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece 1402 Ankara muharebesinin neticesine kadar Karaman \u00fclkesine Osmanl\u0131lar sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\nTimur, Anadolu beylerine eski topraklar\u0131n\u0131 iade edince Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 da yine \u00fclkelerine sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131lar kendilerini toparlay\u0131nca Anadolu\u2019da en m\u00fchim has\u0131m olarak yine Karamano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131larla Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele fatih Sultan Mehmet devrine kadar devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131
\nAnadolu beyliklerinin kuvvetlerindendir. Germiyan, bir T\u00fcrkmen a\u015fireti ismi olup bilahare hem aile hem de devlet ismi haline ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Beyli\u011fi kuran Germiyan a\u015fireti, \u00f6nce Malatya taraflar\u0131nda bir m\u00fcddet oturmu\u015f, sonra K\u00fctahya ve denizli y\u00f6resine gelmi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131n ne zaman K\u00fctahya\u2019ya kat\u2019i \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftikleri bilinmemektedir. Yaln\u0131z 1283 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Germiyanl\u0131lar\u0131n K\u00fctahya\u2019da kuvvetli n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nGermiyanl\u0131lar\u0131n ilk reislerinden Ali \u015fir Bey ve onun o\u011flu Yakup Bey Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n emirlerinden idi. Beyli\u011fi kuran Yakuy Bey\u2019dir. \u201cGermiyan Sultan\u0131\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 alan Yakup Bey, beyli\u011fini hayli kuvvetlendirmi\u015f, Bizansl\u0131larla muharebe etmek \u00fczere, Ayd\u0131no\u011flu Mehmet Bey kumandas\u0131nda sevk etti\u011fi kuvvet Ege sahillerine kadar inmi\u015f, Ayaslu\u011f ve Birgi\u2019yi zaptetmi\u015ftir.
\nYakup Bey\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle yerine ge\u00e7en o\u011flu Mehmet Bey Bizansl\u0131\u2019lardan Simav g\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresini zaptetmi\u015ftir. Mehmet Bey vefat edince, Germiyanl\u0131lara tabi Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011fi ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mehmet Bey\u2019in o\u011flu olup S\u00fcleyman \u015eah veya \u015eah \u00c7elebi diye an\u0131lan Germiyan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131, Karamao\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n tazyikine maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, onlara mukabil kom\u015fusu Osmanl\u0131larla anla\u015fmak istemi\u015ftir. Bu gaye ile k\u0131z\u0131 devlet Hatun\u2019u Birinci Murad\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019e vererek akrabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 tesis etmi\u015ftir. K\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7eyizi olarak merkezleri K\u00fctahya ile birlikte Tav\u015fanl\u0131, Simav, Emed\u2019i Osmanl\u0131\u2019lara terk edip kendisi Kula kasabas\u0131na \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.
\nBirinci Kosova muharebesinde Sultan Murat \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n sars\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmeden Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 ve Germiyanl\u0131lar Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na tecav\u00fcze kalkm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu s\u0131rada Germiyan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 olan \u0130kinci Yakup Bey, evvelce \u00e7eyiz olarak terkedilen topraklar\u0131 geri almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fsa da, y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m gibi Anadolu\u2019ya yeti\u015fen Bayezit Yakup Beyi yakalatarak Rumeli\u2019de \u0130psala kalesine hapsetmi\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00fcn Germiyan \u00fclkesini zaptetmi\u015ftir (1390).
\nDokuz sene \u0130psala\u2019da kalan Yakup Bey 1399\u2019da bir yolunu bulup ka\u00e7mak imkan\u0131n\u0131 elde etmi\u015f, deniz yoluyla \u00f6nce Suriye\u2019ye, oradan da Timur\u2019un yan\u0131na gitmi\u015ftir.
\nAnkara muharebesinden sonra \u00f6teki Anadolu beyleri gibi Yakup Bey de Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan arazisine Timur\u2019un emir ve m\u00fcsaadesi ile sahip olmu\u015ftur. Timur\u2019un y\u00fcksek hakimiyetini tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f, onun nam\u0131na para kestirmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci Yakup Bey, ye\u011feni \u00c7elebi Mehmet ve daha sonra da \u0130kinci Murat ile iyi ge\u00e7inmi\u015ftir. Kendisinin erkek evlad\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan memleketini Osmanl\u0131lara vasiyet etmi\u015ftir. b\u00f6ylece 1428\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle Germiyan beyli\u011fi son bulup topraklar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lara intikal etmi\u015ftir.
\nKaresi Beyli\u011fi
\nBat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da kurulan beyliklerden olup merkezi Bal\u0131kesir idi. Beyli\u011fi kuran, Karesi Bey ile babas\u0131 Kalem Beydir. Kalem Bey Melik Dani\u015fmend Gazi torunlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 Dani\u015fmendlilere nihayet verince, bu aileye mensup kimseler Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n hizmetine girerek hudut m\u0131nt\u0131kalar\u0131nda u\u00e7 kumandal\u0131\u011f\u0131 vazifeleri alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Sel\u00e7uklular y\u0131k\u0131lmak \u00fczereyken u\u00e7 kumandanlar\u0131ndan olan Karesi Bey de kendi ad\u0131 ile an\u0131lan beyli\u011fi kurmu\u015ftur.
\nKaresi beyli\u011fi, Bal\u0131kesir ve \u00e7evresi ile birlikte Edremit ve \u00c7anakkale\u2019ye uzanan topraklara sahipti. Bunlar donanma da meydana getirmi\u015flerdi. Osman Gazi\u2019nin \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 olan Karesi Bey\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi kat\u2019i \u015fekilde belli olmamakla beraber 1325 ile 1330 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc muhakkakt\u0131r. Onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile Karesi beyli\u011finin iki o\u011flu aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bal\u0131kesir ve \u00e7evresine Demirhan Bey, Bargama ve \u00e7evresine de Yah\u015fi Bey h\u00fckmetmekte idi. Yah\u015fi Bey 1341 ve 1342 senelerinde iki defa Gelibolu\u2019ya donanma ile asker \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f, fakat muvaffak olamayarak sonunda \u0130mparator Kantakuzenos ile anla\u015fmaya mecbur olmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131lara kom\u015fu olan Demirhan Bey\u2019in topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131lara ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, maamafih Demirhan\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu olmas\u0131 muhtemel bulunan S\u00fcleyman Bey\u2019in \u00c7anakkale etraf\u0131nda bir m\u00fcddet daha tutundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.
\nOsmanl\u0131 ve kayinameleri Karesi Bey\u2019in o\u011fullar\u0131 ile, beyli\u011fin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lara ge\u00e7i\u015fini ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc anlat\u0131rlar. Osmanl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131na nazaran; Karesi Beyin o\u011flu Aclan Beydir. Aclan Beydir. Aclan Bey, Osman ve Orhan Gazilerle iyi ge\u00e7inmi\u015f, o\u011flu Dursun Bey\u2019i de Orhan Bey\u2019in yan\u0131na g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Aclan Bey 1335 veya 1337\u2019de vefat edince yerine b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Aclan Bey\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu Demirhan Bey ge\u00e7imsiz ve k\u00f6t\u00fc huylu bir adam oldu\u011fundan, halk me\u015fhur bir \u015fahsiyet olan Hac\u0131 \u0130l Bey vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Dursun Beyin h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine Dursun Bey Orhan Gazi\u2019ye m\u00fcracaatla yard\u0131m talebetmi\u015f ve yap\u0131lacak yard\u0131ma mukabil merkez Bal\u0131kesir hari\u00e7 di\u011ferlerin Osmanl\u0131lara terk edilece\u011fini vaad etmi\u015ftir.
\nOrhan Bey ise yan\u0131na dursun Bey\u2019i alarak Bal\u0131kesir \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcnce demirhan Bey Bergama\u2019ya ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orhan Gazi, Dursun Bey\u2019i, Hac\u0131 \u0130l Bey\u2019le birlikte Bergama\u2019ya g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Fakat Bergama \u00f6n\u00fcnde Dursun Bey kaleden at\u0131lan bir okla \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, Demirhan Bey ise yakalanarak Bursa\u2019ya getirilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece Karesi Beyli\u011fi de nihayet bulmu\u015ftur. Beyli\u011fin nihayet bulu\u015funa ait birka\u00e7 tarih mevcutsa da, son Karesi topraklar\u0131n\u0131n 1345 ile 1354 seneleri aras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lara kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m gelmektedir.
\nAyd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131
\nAyd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011fini kuran Mehmet Bey\u2019in babas\u0131 Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n emi\u00fcl\u015fevahili (amirali) Ayd\u0131n Bey\u2019dir. Ayd\u0131no\u011flu Mehmet Bey Germiyan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Birinci Yakup Bey\u2019in suba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 idi. Mehmet Bey, Mente\u015feo\u011fullar\u0131na damat olan Sasa Bey ile birlikte hareket ederek s\u00fcr\u2019atli ak\u0131nlarla Birgi, \u00d6demi\u015f, Ayaslu\u011f (Sel\u00e7uk) ve Tire\u2019yi zaptetmi\u015ftir. Mehmet Bey bilahare Sasa Bey\u2019i bertaraf ederek ak\u0131n ve fetih hareketlerine yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na devam etmi\u015f, b\u00f6ylece kendi ad\u0131 ile an\u0131lan bir beylik kurmaya muvaffak olmu\u015ftur. Beyli\u011fin merkezi Birgi idi.
\nMehmet Bey\u2019in ikinci o\u011flu Umur Bey, daha babas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kuvvetli bir donanma meydana getirmi\u015f, bilgi ve cesaretle deniz harplerine giri\u015fmi\u015ftir. Mehmet Bey\u2019in 1333\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine beyli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na Umur Bey getirilmi\u015f, kuvvetli donanmas\u0131yla deniz harplerine devam etmi\u015ftir.
\nSak\u0131z, A\u011friboz adalar\u0131na, Mora ve Rumeli k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na m\u00fcthi\u015f ak\u0131nlar yapan Gazi Umur Bey Bizans\u2019taki taht ve ta\u00e7 kavgalar\u0131na m\u00fcdahale ederek dostu Kantakuzen\u2019in imparatorluk taht\u0131na oturabilmesini temin etmi\u015ftir.
\nUmur Beyin pervas\u0131z denir seferlerinden canlar\u0131 yan\u0131p g\u00f6z a\u00e7amayanlar nihayet birle\u015ferek umur Bey donanmas\u0131na h\u00fccum etmi\u015flerdir. Papa, Venedik, Rodos ve K\u0131br\u0131s donanmalar\u0131ndan m\u00fcrekkep m\u00fcttefik donanmas\u0131 bu h\u00fccumda Umur Bey donanmas\u0131n\u0131 yakm\u0131\u015flar, Sahil \u0130zmiri\u2019ni de zaptetmi\u015flerdir. H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n bu ittifak\u0131na ra\u011fmen y\u0131lmaya Umur Bey \u0130zmir\u2019i geri almak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmada \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (1348).
\nUmur Bey\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle yerine ge\u00e7en b\u00fcy\u00fck biraderi H\u0131z\u0131r Bey onun azim ve cesaretine sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan H\u0131ristiyanlarla a\u011f\u0131r bir muahede imzalad\u0131. Neticede Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n deniz kuvveti de hi\u00e7e indi. H\u0131z\u0131r Bey \u00f6l\u00fcnce \u0130sa Bey Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 oldu. \u0130sa Bey, hem alim, hem de ilim ve sanat adamlar\u0131n\u0131n koruyucusu idi.
\n\u0130sa Bey zaman\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131larla Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezit, Karamano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fviki neticesi kendi aleyhinde anla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 duydu\u011fu Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 \u00fczerine hareket etti. \u0130sa Bey mukavemet edemeyece\u011fini anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezit, Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 arazisini harbsiz i\u015fgal etti (1390). Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezit \u0130sa Beyin k\u0131z\u0131 Hafsa Hatun\u2019u kendisine nikah ederek kay\u0131n pederine Tire taraf\u0131nda biraz arazi b\u0131rakt\u0131.
\nTimur\u2019un 1402 Ankara muharebesinden sonra di\u011fer Anadolu beylikleri gibi Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 da yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. \u0130sa Bey\u2019in o\u011flu Musa Bey ile onun o\u011flu C\u00fcneyt Bey diye an\u0131lan Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131 hayli u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. C\u00fcneyt Bey, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019in o\u011flu Emir S\u00fcleyman ile, \u00c7elebi Sultan Mehmet ile, sonra da \u0130kinci Murat\u2019la m\u00fccadele etmi\u015f, en sonunda da 1425 de yakalanarak idam edilmesiyle Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 tamamen sona ermi\u015ftir.
\nMente\u015fe Beyli\u011fi
\nAnadolu\u2019nun g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan Mente\u015fe beyli\u011fi, ismini yine Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n emir\u00fclsevahili (amirali) olan Mente\u015fe Beyden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Takriben 1300 tarihine do\u011fru te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlam\u0131\u015f olan Mente\u015fe beyli\u011fi, kurucular\u0131n\u0131n deniz yoluyla bu topraklar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdikleri baz\u0131 kaynaklarda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da Mu\u011fla, Be\u00e7in, Milas ve \u00c7ine taraflar\u0131na da hakim olduklar\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesizdir.
\n1280 senesinde bir Mente\u015fe beyinin Tralles yani Ayd\u0131n kasabas\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fka bir Mente\u015fe beyinin de 1300\u2019de Rodos adas\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in \u015fiddetli m\u00fccadelede bulundu\u011funu biliyoruz. O halde Mente\u015fe beyli\u011fi on\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda g\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da bilhassa denizcilik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir kuvvetti. Mente\u015fe ailesi Rodos\u2019u zapt i\u00e7in Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi de etmi\u015ftir.
\nMente\u015fe ailesinden Mes\u2019ut ve Erhan Beylerle onun o\u011flu \u0130brahim Bey hakk\u0131nda fazla bilgiye sahip de\u011filiz, yaln\u0131z bunlardan Erhan Bey\u2019in kuvvetli donanmaya malik oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. 1354\u2019ten \u00f6nce \u00f6len Erhan beyin Musa, Ahmet ve Mehmet Bey isimlerindeki o\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ihtilaflar vukubulmu\u015f, bu y\u00fczden Mente\u015fe beyli\u011fi par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan Mehmet Bey Balat (Milet) h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 bulunurken 1390\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019in h\u00fccumuna u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve ma\u011flup olunca memleketinden ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve en sonunda Timur\u2019un yan\u0131na kadar gitmi\u015ftir. Onun ka\u00e7mas\u0131yla mente\u015fe beyli\u011fi topraklar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\nAnkara muharebesinden sonra Mehmet Bey, Timur\u2019un himayesinde eski beyli\u011fine sahip olmu\u015ftur. Onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile Mente\u015fe beyi olan o\u011flu \u0130lyas Bey 1415\u2019ten itibaren Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n n\u00fcfuz ve himayesini tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lyas Beyin o\u011flu Leys zaman\u0131nda ise, Mente\u015fe beyli\u011fine tamamen son verilmi\u015ftir.
\nMente\u015feo\u011fullar\u0131, kom\u015fular\u0131 Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 gibi denizci olmalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anadolu beylikleri tarihinde m\u00fchim bir mevki i\u015fgal ederler.
\nE\u015frefo\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi
\nE\u015frefo\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011fi Bey\u015fehir etraf\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Beyli\u011fin kurucusu E\u015fyrefo\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Bey Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n emirlerindendi. S\u00fcleyman Bey on\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc asr\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda Sel\u00e7uklu \u015fehzadeleri aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadelede m\u00fchim bir rol oynayarak kuvvetini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.
\nE\u015frefo\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011finin kurucusu olup, merkez edindi\u011fi Bey\u015fehir\u2019i imar ve ihya eden, hatta bir zamanlar bu \u015fehrin S\u00fcleyman \u015eehri diye an\u0131lmas\u0131nda amil olan S\u00fcleyman Bey 1301 y\u0131l\u0131na do\u011fru \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, yerine o\u011fullar\u0131ndan Mubariz\u00fcddin Mehmet Bey ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Mehmet Bey, Ak\u015fehir ve Bolvadin taraflar\u0131n\u0131 zaptederek E\u015frefo\u011fullar\u0131 arazisinin geni\u015flemesini temin etmi\u015ftir.
\nMehmet Bey\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi de babas\u0131n\u0131n ki gibi kat\u2019i \u015fekilde malum olmamakla beraber 1320\u2019den sonra \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Mehmet Bey\u2019in o\u011flu \u0130kinci S\u00fcleyman Bey E\u015frefo\u011fullar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada \u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n Anadolu Vali Demirta\u015f\u2019\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 darbelerine maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Demirta\u015f, 1325 y\u0131l\u0131nda S\u00fcleyman Beyi ma\u011flup ve esir etmi\u015f, sonra da Bey\u015fehir g\u00f6l\u00fcne atarak bo\u011fup \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece E\u015frefo\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011fi son bulmu\u015ftur. Daha sonra \u0130lhanl\u0131 Valisi Demirta\u015f M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a ka\u00e7\u0131p da Anadolu beyleri rahat nefes al\u0131nca, e\u015fref2o\u00fc\u011fullar\u0131 tekrardan tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kamam\u0131\u015f, E\u015frefo\u011fullar\u0131na ait topraklar Karaman ve Hamito\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\nCandaro\u011fullar\u0131
\nAnadolu beylikleri aras\u0131nda Karamano\u011fullar\u0131ndan sonra en uzun ya\u015fayan bu beylik, Kastamonu ve \u00e7evresinde kurulmu\u015ftur. S\u00fclalenin alt\u0131nc\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u0130sfendiyar Bey\u2019e nispetle \u0130sfendiyaro\u011fullar\u0131 diye de an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nAilenin ilk reisi \u015eemseddin Yaman Candar, Sel\u00e7uklu \u00fcmeras\u0131ndan olup, hizmetlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Kastamonu ve etraf\u0131 kendisine verilmi\u015fti. O\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa Kastamonu\u2019da bir beylik kurmaya muvaffak olmu\u015ftur (1300). Bilahare Sinop ve Safranbolu\u2019yu da alarak kuvvetlenen S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa bir m\u00fcddet \u0130lhanl\u0131lara itaat eder g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu beyli\u011fin tam m\u00fcstakil hale gelmesi, \u0130lhanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Ebu Said Bahad\u0131r Han\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonraya rastlamaktad\u0131r.
\nCandaro\u011fullar\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki ilk m\u00fcnasebet Celaleddin Bayezit Bey zaman\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 tarihlerinin K\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcm Bayezit diye bahsettikleri Candaro\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011fi kom\u015fular\u0131 ile m\u00fctemadiyen anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. K\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcm Bayezid\u2019in \u0130skender ad\u0131ndaki o\u011flunu veliaht tayin edece\u011finden ku\u015fkulanan \u00f6teki o\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa babas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 muhalefete ge\u00e7mi\u015f, bu arada Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 temin edebilmek i\u00e7in de Orhan Gazi\u2019nin o\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 ile evlenmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 sayesinde babas\u0131 K\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcm Bayezid\u2019i Kastamonu\u2019yu terke mecbur b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcm Bayezit Kastamonu\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Sinop\u2019ta yerle\u015firken, o\u011flu da Kastamonu\u2019ya hakim vaziyete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi cihetle, Candaro\u011fullar\u0131 ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nK\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcm Bayezit 1385\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcnce o\u011flu \u0130sfendiyar Bey, Candaro\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n Sinop \u015fubesi h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6nce Osmanl\u0131larla iyi ge\u00e7inen S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa (\u0130kinci S\u00fcleyman Bey) bilahare bu tavr\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finden Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezit ile \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f, harbde yenilerek \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, Candaro\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n Kastamonu \u015fubesi topraklar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir (1392). Sinop \u015fubesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u0130sfendiyar Bey\u2019i hakimiyeti Sinop \u015fehrinde devam etmi\u015f, 1402 Ankara harbini devam m\u00fcteakip ise, Timur\u2019un m\u00fcsaadesiyle \u0130sfendiyar Bey Kastamonu\u2019dan Samsun\u2019a kadar Candaro\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n eski topraklar\u0131na yeniden sahip olmu\u015ftur.
\nAnkara harbinin sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 atlat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00c7elebi Sultan Mehmet zaman\u0131ndan itibaren Candaro\u011fullar\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele yeniden ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, \u0130kinci Murat zaman\u0131nda yine \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar olmu\u015f, Fatih zaman\u0131nda da Candaro\u011fullar\u0131na nihayet verilmi\u015ftir (1461).
\nSar\u0131hano\u011fullar\u0131
\nSaruhan beyli\u011fi, T\u00fcrkmen beylerinden Saruhan Bey taraf\u0131ndan Manisa merkez olmak \u00fczere eski Lidya k\u0131tas\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Beyli\u011fin kurulu\u015fu 1313 tarihine rastlamaktad\u0131r. Manisa\u2019dan ba\u015fka Menemen, G\u00f6rdes, Nif, Turgutlu ve Demirci gibi kasabalarla sahilde bir miktar araziye sahip olan Saruhano\u011fullar\u0131 denizcilikle de me\u015fgul olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Saruhano\u011fullar\u0131, Naksos d\u00fckas\u0131, Sak\u0131z ve Fo\u00e7a Cenevizlileri ve Midilli beyleri ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 deniz harblerinin sonunda, denizcilikte Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 kadar kuvvetli olmamakla beraber bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 vergiye ba\u011flayarak kadar muvaffak\u0131yet g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir.
\nBeyli\u011fin kurucusu Saruhan Bey \u00f6l\u00fcnce yerine o\u011flu \u0130lyas Bey ge\u00e7mi\u015f (1346), o da \u00f6l\u00fcnce \u0130lyas Bey\u2019in o\u011flu \u0130shak Bey Saruhan beyi olmu\u015ftur (1364).
\nOsmanl\u0131larla Saruhan o\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ilk m\u00fcnasebet ve m\u00fccadele \u0130shak Bey\u2019in o\u011flu H\u0131z\u0131r\u015fah Bey zaman\u0131nda vuku bulmu\u015ftur. Murat H\u00fcdavendigar\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi \u00fczerine, Osmanl\u0131lar aleyhine Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan tertibe Saruhano\u011fullar\u0131 da kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Lakin Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezit, s\u00fcr\u2019atli hareketiyle bunlar\u0131n birlikte i\u015f g\u00f6rebilmelerine f\u0131rsat vermemi\u015f ve Saruhan arazisini i\u015fgal ederek (1390) beyli\u011fe son vermi\u015ftir.
\nSaruhan arazisi Osmanl\u0131lara ge\u00e7ince son h\u00fck\u00fcmdar H\u0131z\u0131r\u015fah Bey \u00f6nce Candaro\u011flu \u0130sfendiyar Beyin yan\u0131na, sonra da Timur\u2019un yan\u0131na ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ankara harbini m\u00fcteakip, di\u011fer Anadolu beyleri gibi H\u0131z\u0131r\u015fah Bey de memleketine sahip olmu\u015f, hatta Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n \u015fehzadeleri aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadeleye bitaraf\u0131ndan yakalanarak idam edilince, Saruhan beyli\u011fi ikinci defa olarak nihayeti ermi\u015ftir.
\nHamido\u011fullar\u0131
\nE\u011fridir merkez olmak \u00fczere Uluborlu, Yalva\u00e7 ve daha sonralar\u0131 Antalya\u2019y\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alan Hamido\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011finin kurucusu Felek\u00fcddin D\u00fcndar Bey\u2019dir. E\u011fridir\u2019i imar ederek kendi ad\u0131na nisbetle \u015fehre Felekabad ismini veren D\u00fcndar Bey, bu beyli\u011fi on\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc asr\u0131n son senelerinde kurmu\u015ftur. D\u00fcndar Beyin b\u00fcy\u00fck babas\u0131 Hamit, Sel\u00e7uklular zaman\u0131nda bu b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftirilen T\u00fcrkmen a\u015firetlerinden birisinin reisi idi. D\u00fcnd\u00fcr Beyin mensuboldu\u011fu a\u015firetin b\u00fcy\u00fck babas\u0131n\u0131n ismiyle an\u0131lmas\u0131 da muhtemeldir. Hamit Beyin o\u011flu \u0130lyas Bey Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n g\u00f6ller havzas\u0131 hududundaki u\u00e7 beylerinden idi.
\n\u0130lyas Bey\u2019in o\u011flu D\u00fcndar Bey Hamido\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011fini kurdu\u011fu zaman ilk defa Uluborlu\u2019yu, bilahare de E\u011fridir\u2019i merkez yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Antalya \u015fehri de D\u00fcndar Bey zaman\u0131nda Hamido\u011fullar\u0131na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; yaln\u0131z, Antalya\u2019da D\u00fcndar Bey\u2019in karde\u015fi Yunus Beyin s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7ti\u011finden Hamido\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011fi E\u011fridir ve Antalya \u015fubelerine ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n Anadolu valisi Demirta\u015f, Anadolu beyliklerini kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in haret-kete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi zaman Demirta\u015f\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 duramayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayan D\u00fcndar Bey Antalya\u2019ya ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. L\u00e2kin Antalya emiri bulunan ye\u011feni Mahmut Bey amcas\u0131 D\u00fcndar Beyi Demirta\u015f\u2019a teslim etmi\u015f, o da D\u00fcndar\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrtm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (1324).
\nAnadolu beylikleri i\u00e7in tehlike sa\u00e7an \u0130lhanl\u0131 Valisi Demirta\u015f M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a ka\u00e7\u0131nca D\u00fcndar Bey\u2019in o\u011flu H\u0131z\u0131r Bey meydana \u00e7\u0131karak babas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fcn bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 elde etmi\u015f, onu m\u00fcteakip D\u00fcndar\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer o\u011flu \u0130shak Bey Hamido\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011finin idaresini elde etti\u011fi gibi (1328) E\u015frefo\u011fullar\u0131ndan arazi bile koparm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nOsmanl\u0131larla Hamido\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fcnasebet D\u00fcndar Beyin di\u011fer o\u011flu Mehmet Beyin torunlar\u0131ndan Kemaleddin H\u00fcseyin Bey zaman\u0131nda vuku bulmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Birinci Murat, Kemaleddin H\u00fcseyin Bey\u2019i s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak \u00fclkesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 satm\u0131ya mecbur b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131lar, Hamido\u011fullar\u0131na verdikleri 80,000 alt\u0131n mukabilinde bu beyli\u011fin topraklar\u0131ndan Yalva\u00e7, Karaa\u011fa\u00e7 Bey\u015fehir, Ak\u015fehir ve Seydi\u015fehir\u2019e sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r. H\u00fcseyin Bey 1391 de \u00f6l\u00fcnce arazisinin di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131larla Karamanl\u0131lara intikal etmi\u015ftir.
\nHamido\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n Antalya \u015fubesi E\u011fridir \u015fubesinden daha sonra y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezit 1392 de Antalya\u2019y\u0131 zaptederek beyli\u011fin bu \u015fubesine de nihayet vermi\u015f ise de, 1402 Ankara harbinden sonra Hamido\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n Antalya \u015fubesi soyundan Osman Bey, Antalya hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere beyli\u011fin topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bur k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 elde etmi\u015ftir. Antalya\u2019y\u0131 zaptedebilmek i\u00e7in Karamano\u011fullar\u0131ndan yard\u0131m isteyen Osman Bey, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Antalya Sancak Bey\u2019i taraf\u0131ndan merkezi Korkuteli\u2019ne yap\u0131lan \u00e2ni bir bask\u0131n neticesinde telef olmu\u015f, Antalya\u2019y\u0131 ku\u015fatan Karamano\u011flu Mehmet Bey de kaleden at\u0131lan bir g\u00fclle isabetiyle \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (1423). B\u00f6ylece Hamido\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n son tutunma noktalar\u0131 olan Korkuteli de Osmanl\u0131lara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\nEretna ve Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin H\u00fck\u00fcmetleri
\nBu iki h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Sel\u00e7uklular y\u0131k\u0131lmak \u00fczere iken veya y\u0131k\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcteakip hemen kurulan h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun i\u00e7in de Anadolu beylikleri say\u0131l\u0131rken onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda zikredilmedi\u011fi halde, Osmanl\u0131 tarihinin ilk devirlerinin iyi kavranabilmesi i\u00e7in k\u0131saca g\u00f6zden getirilmeleri faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.
\nEretna beyli\u011fi, aslen bir Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00fc olan Eretna Bey taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. \u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n Anadolu valisi Emir \u00c7obano\u011flu demirta\u015f M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Noyan unvan\u0131n\u0131 haiz olan Alaeddin Eretna Beyi kendisine vekil b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kurnaz ve m\u00fcdebbir bir zat olan Eretna, Mo\u011follara sadakat g\u00f6stererek mevkiini muhafaza etmi\u015f, \u0130lhanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Ebu Said Bahad\u0131r Han\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile ba\u015f g\u00f6steren saltanat kavgalar\u0131nda da gayet kurnaz davranarak Anadolu valili\u011fini elinden ka\u00e7\u0131racak bir hata i\u015flememi\u015ftir. 1343 senesinde \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcyen Demirta\u015f\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015eeyh Hasan\u2019\u0131 ma\u011flup edince istiklal ve h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eylemi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece Erzurum, Sivas, Kayseri, Amasya, Ankara, Aksaray, Tokat \u015fehirlerini i\u00e7ine alan Eretna h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAnadolu halk\u0131 Mo\u011fol tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcnden bizar oldu\u011fundan Alaeddin Eretna\u2019n\u0131n iyi idaresi, hak ve adaleti tan\u0131mas\u0131 geni\u015f bir memnuniyet uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u201cK\u00f6se Peygamber\u201d diye maruf olmu\u015ftu.
\nEretna 1352\u2019de \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, yerine ge\u00e7en o\u011flu ve onu m\u00fcteakiben de torunu zaman\u0131nda valilerin n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131 artmaya, bunlara mukabil h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131 da azalmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015ftu. Eretna\u2019n\u0131n torunu Ali Bey\u2019in 1380 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine, yedi ya\u015f\u0131ndaki o\u011flu h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ilan edilmi\u015ftir. Fakat \u00e7ocu\u011fa vasi tayin olunan Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin bir taraftan bu \u00e7ocu\u011fu hal ederken \u00f6te yandan da Eretna beyli\u011finin en n\u00fcfuzlu \u00fcmeras\u0131ndan olan Hac\u0131 \u015eadgeldi\u2019yi katlederek Eretna beyli\u011fine son verip kendi h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015ftir (1381).
\nEretna beyli\u011fi topraklar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fchim bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin\u2019in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n cesur zeki ve m\u00fccadeleci olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen on yedi seneden fazla devam edememi\u015ftir. Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin Karamano\u011fullar\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r meml\u00fckleri ve Osmanl\u0131lar gibi kendisinden \u00e7ok kuvvetli has\u0131mlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f, buna ra\u011fmen onlarla m\u00fccadele etmekte \u00e7ekinmemi\u015ftir.
\nAlim, faz\u0131l ve \u015fair bir kimse olan Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin, Akkoyunlu devletinin kurucusu Karay\u00f6l\u00fck Osman beyle Divri\u011fi yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir harbde (1397) esir d\u00fc\u015ferek idam edilmi\u015f, onun \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle h\u00fck\u00fcmeti de sone ermi\u015f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Anadolu\u2019da Kurulan \u0130lk T\u00dcrk Devletler\u0130 Anadolu\u2019da durum On\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc asr\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n n\u00fcfuzu alt\u0131na giren Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu devleti asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru ziyadesiyle zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f, bir vali kadar h\u00fckm\u00fc kalmayan son h\u00fck\u00fcmdar \u0130kinci G\u0131yaseddin Mesud\u2019un 1308\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle tamamen ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayaklanma ihtimallerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutan Mo\u011follar, Sel\u00e7uklu ailesine mensup prensleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler, n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunan topraklar\u0131, Anadolu …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1459,1457,1464,1466,1463,1458,1462,1465,1461,266,1467,1460],"class_list":["post-401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-anadolu-selcuklu-devleti","tag-anadoluda-kurulan-ilk-turk-devletleri","tag-aydinogullari","tag-candarogullari","tag-germiyanogullari","tag-ilhanlilar","tag-karamanogullari","tag-mentese-beyligi","tag-mentese-ogullari","tag-mogollar","tag-sarihanogullari","tag-timurtas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=401"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}