Aziziye M\u00fcdafaas\u0131… <\/p>\n
Doksan\u00fc\u00e7 Harbi diye tarihe ge\u00e7en 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131nda, Erzurum\u2019daki Aziziye Tabyas\u0131nda, Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen m\u00fcdafaa.
\n24 Nisan 1877\u2019de Ruslar, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne sava\u015f ilan etmi\u015fler, bat\u0131da Tuna boyundan ve do\u011fuda Kars cihetinden sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdi. Do\u011fu cephesinde ordumuzun ba\u015fkumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pa\u015fa yap\u0131yordu. Kabiliyetli ve cesur bir asker olan Ahmed Muhtar Pa\u015fa, Kars\u2019\u0131 alan Rus ordusu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda askerini muhafaza ederek programl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde Erzurum\u2019a \u00e7ekilmi\u015fti. Bu \u00e7ekilme s\u0131ras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Halyaz, Zivin, Gedikler ve Yahniler meydan sava\u015flar\u0131nda zafer kazanm\u0131\u015f, hatta Sultan \u0130kinci Abd\u00fclhamid Han taraf\u0131ndan taltif g\u00f6rerek \u201cGazi\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Askerimiz, kuvvet ve te\u00e7hizat y\u00f6n\u00fcyle \u00fcst\u00fcn Rus ordusu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, silah ve yiyecek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan iyi \u015fartlarda olmamas\u0131 sebebiyle, Erzurum\u2019a kadar \u00e7ekilmeye mecbur kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/p>\n
Erzurum\u2019a yakla\u015fan Rus ordusu kumandan\u0131, Ahmed Muhtar Pa\u015faya el\u00e7i g\u00f6ndererek teslim olmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Pa\u015fa, komutanlar\u0131 ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 isti\u015fareden sonra \u201ckesinlikle hay\u0131r\u201d cevab\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Teslim teklifi \u015fehirde duyulmu\u015f, halk galeyana gelmi\u015fti. \u00c7ocu\u011fundan ihtiyar\u0131na, kad\u0131n\u0131ndan hastas\u0131na kadar halk\u0131n, kanlar\u0131n\u0131n son damlas\u0131na kadar Moskof k\u00e2firlerine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131p, vatan ve namuslar\u0131n\u0131, \u015fehid oluncaya kadar m\u00fcdafaa edeceklerine karar ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pa\u015faya bildirmi\u015flerdi. G\u00f6z ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 tutamayan kumandan, heyet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n aln\u0131ndan \u00f6pt\u00fckten sonra, Sultan \u0130kinci Abd\u00fclhamid Han\u0131n g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi telgraf\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Padi\u015fah, telgraf\u0131nda; \u201c\u015eu anda bulundu\u011funuz yer, Asya\u2019n\u0131n en m\u00fchim noktas\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n g\u00f6z dikti\u011fi yerdir. Bu sebeple Erzurum\u2019u b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehlike beklemektedir. Allah\u00fc teala muhafaza eylesin, epeydir ordumuzda g\u00f6r\u00fclen da\u011f\u0131lma ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler bu sefer de meydana gelir, Erzurum\u2019a bir zarar olur, istilaya du\u00e7ar olursa, b\u00f6yle elemli bir olay\u0131n devletimizin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 yaray\u0131 size anlatmaya l\u00fczum yoktur. \u015eu halde, as\u0131l i\u015f g\u00f6recek ve devletin \u00fczerindeki nimet hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetip, milletimizin sizden bekledi\u011fi \u015ferefi ispat edecek g\u00fcn bug\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Namus ve \u015ferefimizi muhafaza edemezsek, bu, k\u0131yamete kadar tarihimizden silinmeyecek ve askerlik \u015ferefimize s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ac\u0131kl\u0131 bir leke olacakt\u0131r…\u201d diyordu. <\/p>\n
Bu telgraf, halka duyuruldu. Herkes balta, sat\u0131r, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, s\u00fcng\u00fc, t\u00fcfek, tabanca ne bulduysa tedbirini al\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fck bir heyecan i\u00e7inde, Ruslar\u0131n Erzurum\u2019a yakla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bekliyordu. Bu arada halk\u0131n i\u00e7inde gizliden gizliye faaliyet g\u00f6steren Osmanl\u0131y\u0131 i\u00e7ten vurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Ermeni ve Yahudiler, menfi propaganda yaparak halk\u0131n sava\u015f azmini k\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Teslim olundu\u011funda can ve mal emniyetinin olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aksi halde herkesin k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek Ruslar\u0131n vaatlerini tekrar ediyorlard\u0131. Fakat, buna ald\u0131ran olmad\u0131. Ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun sava\u015facaklard\u0131!.. <\/p>\n
Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pa\u015fa da, savunma tedbirlerini alm\u0131\u015f, tabyalara g\u00fcvendi\u011fi komutanlar\u0131 vazifelendirmi\u015fti. <\/p>\n
Anadolu i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcmelerine, Erzurum\u2019u tek engel olarak g\u00f6ren Ruslar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca gayesi, \u015fehri ele ge\u00e7irmekti. Ayr\u0131ca, yerli Ermeni ve Yahudilerden de faydalan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Hacibey adl\u0131 bir hainin kumandas\u0131nda, 8 Kas\u0131m\u0131 9 Kas\u0131ma ba\u011flayan gece, saat ikide harekete ge\u00e7en d\u00fc\u015fman, Aziziye Tabyas\u0131na bask\u0131n d\u00fczenledi. <\/p>\n
Bask\u0131n i\u00e7in, M\u00fcd\u00fcrge ve Tasmahur k\u00f6ylerinin Ermenilerini ve Vank kilisesi papazlar\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131lar. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na giren ve Osmanl\u0131ca’y\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilen bu hainlerin yard\u0131m\u0131yla Vank Deresindeki n\u00f6bet\u00e7ileri \u015fehid ettiler. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir sessizlik i\u00e7inde, Aziziye Tabyas\u0131na girerek ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kesimlerinde uyuyan y\u00fczlerce askerimizi \u015fehid ettiler. Tabyan\u0131n birinci kesimi, biraz kenarda kal\u0131yordu ve komutanlar\u0131 kaymakam (Yarbay) Bahri Bey, uyan\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130kinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kesimlerdeki g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcy\u00fc i\u015fitmi\u015f, bask\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Derhal silah ba\u015f\u0131 ederek, \u015fiddetli bir m\u00fcdafaaya ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u00fcrk askerini toplu katliamdan kurtaran kaymakam Bahri Bey, yaralanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bunu askerden gizleyerek m\u00fcdafaaya devam etti. <\/p>\n
Gece yar\u0131s\u0131, top ve t\u00fcfek seslerini duyan Erzurumlular, m\u00fcezzinin; \u201cEy Erzurumlular! Ey ahali!.. Moskof k\u00e2firleri Aziziye\u2019yi bast\u0131. Allah\u2019\u0131n\u0131 seven, eli silah tutan herkes, askerimizin yard\u0131m\u0131na ko\u015fsun!… Vatan\u0131n\u0131 seven yeti\u015fsin!..\u201d nidas\u0131 \u00fczerine, gece karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sokaklara d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fcler. Bunlar aras\u0131nda, Nene Hatun da vard\u0131. <\/p>\n
Askerini silah ba\u015f\u0131 eden Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pa\u015fa, Aziziye istihk\u00e2m\u0131ndan, telgrafla haber almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, fakat; \u201cHarb oluyor!..\u201d cevab\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey \u00f6\u011frenemiyordu. Pa\u015fa, \u00fc\u00e7 tabur alarak Topda\u011f\u0131\u2019na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Oran\u0131n kumandan\u0131 M\u00fc\u015fir Hasan Tahsin Pa\u015fa ile birle\u015fti. Ortal\u0131k iyice ayd\u0131nland\u0131ktan sonra, Aziziye istihk\u00e2mlar\u0131ndan birinde \u015fiddetli \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n oldu\u011funu, di\u011fer iki tabyada ses seda \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Ahmed Muhtar Pa\u015fa, Kaptan Mehmed Pa\u015fa kumandas\u0131ndaki iki tabur askeri, Aziziye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi. Kaptan Mehmed Pa\u015fa, askerleriyle Aziziye istihk\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131ndaki k\u0131\u015flaya do\u011fru yakla\u015f\u0131nca, Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olan k\u0131\u015flan\u0131n mazgallar\u0131ndan \u015fiddetli bir t\u00fcfek ate\u015fine tutuldu. Bunun \u00fczerine Kaptan Mehmed Pa\u015fa, k\u0131\u015flay\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131mda \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam ediyordu. Art\u0131k, Erzurum halk\u0131 da yeti\u015fmi\u015fti. H\u00fccum ederek istihk\u00e2m\u0131n i\u00e7ine girdiler. D\u00fc\u015fmanla muharebe, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcse cereyan ediyordu. <\/p>\n
Bu arada, tabyan\u0131n birinci k\u0131sm\u0131ndan h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmaya devam eden Bahri Beyden, Ahmed Muhtar Pa\u015faya; \u201cGece, bask\u0131n an\u0131nda yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, askere belli etmeden \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmaya devam etti\u011fini, acele yard\u0131ma gelinmesini\u201d bildiren bir haber geldi. Yard\u0131ma g\u00f6nderilen Kaptan Mehmed Pa\u015fa ve halk, Bahri Beyin bulundu\u011fu k\u0131sma ge\u00e7ti. \u0130ki ate\u015f aras\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren d\u00fc\u015fman, bozguna u\u011frayarak ka\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131. Halk ve asker takibe ba\u015flad\u0131larsa da, Ruslar\u0131n ate\u015fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duraklad\u0131lar. Hadiseyi dikkatle takip eden Topda\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki istihk\u00e2mlar\u0131m\u0131z, Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 ate\u015fe ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ba\u015far\u0131 elde edemeyeceklerini anlayan Ruslar, geri \u00e7ekildiler. <\/p>\n
O g\u00fcn Aziziye kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, asker ve halktan 1000 civar\u0131nda \u015fehid verilmi\u015f, 2300 civar\u0131nda Rus \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Aziziye M\u00fcdafaas\u0131… Doksan\u00fc\u00e7 Harbi diye tarihe ge\u00e7en 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131nda, Erzurum\u2019daki Aziziye Tabyas\u0131nda, Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen m\u00fcdafaa. 24 Nisan 1877\u2019de Ruslar, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne sava\u015f ilan etmi\u015fler, bat\u0131da Tuna boyundan ve do\u011fuda Kars cihetinden sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdi. Do\u011fu cephesinde ordumuzun ba\u015fkumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pa\u015fa yap\u0131yordu. Kabiliyetli ve cesur bir asker olan Ahmed Muhtar Pa\u015fa, Kars\u2019\u0131 alan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1521,1522,1524,1512,1352,1523],"class_list":["post-417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-aziziye-mudafaasi","tag-doksanuc-harbi","tag-erzurum","tag-ikinci-abdulhamid","tag-osmanli-devleti","tag-osmanli-rus-savasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=417"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/417\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}