H\u00fccrelerde metabolizma sonucu olu\u015fan art\u0131klar\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lmas\u0131na bo\u015falt\u0131m denir.
\n Kararl\u0131 bir i\u00e7 ortam olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan d\u00fczenleyici sistemlerdendir. (Homeostaside etkilidir)
\n Bitkilerde \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015f bir bo\u015falt\u0131m sistemi yoktur. Bitkilerde \u00e7e\u015fitli art\u0131klar de\u011fi\u015fik yollarla at\u0131l\u0131r. Bitkilerde;
\n – Stomalar (g\u00f6zenek) g\u00fcnd\u00fcz oksijen ve gece karbondioksit atar. Suyu gece ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz atar.
\n – Lentiseller (kovucuk) su ve karbondioksit atar.
\n – Hidatodlar (damlama) su ve mineral atar.
\n – Yaprak ve meyve d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc ile organik ve inorganik madde at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n – K\u00f6klerle organik ve inorganik madde at\u0131l\u0131r. Tek h\u00fccrelilerde;
\n – Amonyak, t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyden dif\u00fczyonla veya aktif ta\u015f\u0131mayla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n – Karbondioksit, t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyden dif\u00fczyonla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n – Su, t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyden dif\u00fczyonla at\u0131l\u0131r. Tatl\u0131 suda ya\u015fayanlarda kontraktil kofullardan enerji harcanarak at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Hayvanlarda \u00e7e\u015fitli art\u0131klar de\u011fi\u015fik yollarla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Omurgas\u0131zlarda Bo\u015falt\u0131m
\n S\u00fcnger ve s\u00f6lenterlerde;
\n – Amonyak, t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyden dif\u00fczyonla veya aktif ta\u015f\u0131mayla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n – Karbondioksit, t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyden dif\u00fczyonla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n – Su, t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyden d\u00eef\u00fczyonla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Hidrada;
\n – B\u00fct\u00fcn art\u0131klar v\u00fccut bo\u015flu\u011funa, sonra d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Yass\u0131 solucanlarda (planarya);
\n – Amonyak, t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyden dif\u00fczyonla veya aktif ta\u015f\u0131mayla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n – Karbondioksit, t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyden dif\u00fczyonla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n – Su, alev h\u00fccrelerinden (protonefridyum) at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Halkal\u0131 solucanlarda;
\n – Karbondioksit, deriden dif\u00fczyonla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n – Su, amonyak ve di\u011fer art\u0131klar nefririvnmHan at\u0131l\u0131r<\/p>\n
– Her halkada bir \u00e7ift nefridyum bulunur. Bir \u00f6nceki halkan\u0131n bo\u015falt\u0131m art\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir sonraki halkadan at\u0131l\u0131r. Nefridyum \u00fczerindeki k\u0131lcaldamarlarda geri emilim olur.
\n B\u00f6ceklerde;
\n – Karbondioksit, trakelerden dif\u00fczyonla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n – \u00dcrik asit ve di\u011fer art\u0131klar malpighi t\u00fcp\u00e7\u00fcklerinden son ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011fa at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n – Malpighi t\u00fcp\u00e7\u00fckleri v\u00fccut bo\u015flu\u011funda bulunan kandan, bo\u015falt\u0131m art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Sindirim kanal\u0131n\u0131n son ucuna getirir. Bo\u015falt\u0131m art\u0131klar\u0131 sindirilmemi\u015f besinlerle birlikte at\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Canl\u0131larda Azotlu Art\u0131klar
\n Protein, karbonhidrat ve ya\u011flar\u0131n metabolizmas\u0131 sonucu ortak olarak karbondioksit ve su olu\u015fur.
\n Proteinler i\u00e7in ilave olarak azotlu art\u0131klar olu\u015fur. Bunlar; Amonyak;
\n – \u00c7ok zehirlidir.
\n – \u00c7ok suyla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n – Tek h\u00fccrelilerde, s\u00fcnger, mercan, s\u00f6lenter, planarya, toprak solucan\u0131, bal\u0131k ve kurba\u011falarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n \u00dcre;
\n – Zehirlidir.
\n – Suyla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n – Memelilerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00dcrik asit;
\n – Az zehirlidir. -Az suyla at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n – B\u00f6cek, s\u00fcr\u00fcngen ve ku\u015flarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Omurgal\u0131larda Bo\u015falt\u0131m
\n Omurgal\u0131larda bo\u015falt\u0131m birimi b\u00f6brektir. \u00dc\u00e7 tip b\u00f6brek vard\u0131r.
\n B\u00f6brek Tiplerj
\n a) Pronefroz B\u00f6brek
\n – Bal\u0131k ve kurba\u011falar\u0131n embriyolar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n – Glomerulus bulunur.
\n – Kirpikli huni ve bo\u015falt\u0131m kanalc\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\n b) Mezonefroz B\u00f6brek
\n – Bal\u0131k ve kurba\u011falar\u0131n erginlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n – S\u00fcr\u00fcngen, ku\u015f ve memelilerin embriyolar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n – Glomerulus bulunur.
\n – Bovvman kaps\u00fcf\u00fc ve bo\u015falt\u0131m kanalc\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\n c) Metanefroz B\u00f6brek
\n – S\u00fcr\u00fcngen, ku\u015f ve memelilerin erginlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n – Glomerulus bulunur.
\n – Bovvman kaps\u00fcl\u00fc bo\u015falt\u0131m kanalc\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve henle kulpu vard\u0131r.
\n \u0130nsanda Bo\u015falt\u0131m Sistemi
\n \u0130nsanlarda;
\n – B\u00f6brekler idrar atar. (su, mineral, \u00fcre v.s.)
\n – Akci\u011ferler karbondioksit ve su atar.
\n – Safra kesesi safra tuzlar\u0131n\u0131 atar.
\n – Ter bezleri; su, mineral, \u00fcre, laktik asit v.s. atar.
\n B\u00f6brek
\n B\u00f6brek d\u0131\u015ftan i\u00e7e do\u011fru kabuk, \u00f6z ve havuzcuktan olu\u015fur. B\u00f6brekte g\u00f6rev yapan temel birim nefrondur. Nefron, bir b\u00f6brekte yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon tanedir.<\/p>\n
Nefron
\n B\u00f6bre\u011fe giren b\u00f6brek atardamar\u0131, damar yuma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (Glomerulus) olu\u015fturur. Kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile buradan s\u00fcz\u00fclen s\u0131v\u0131 bovvman kaps\u00fcl\u00fcne ae>.r.e>r<\/p>\n
Glomerulus
\n – \u0130ki s\u0131ral\u0131 h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015fur.
\n – B\u00fcy\u00fck proteinler ve kan h\u00fccreleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki maddeler s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n – \u0130ki atardamar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n – Tatl\u0131 su bal\u0131klar\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015f, (b\u00fcy\u00fck) tuzlu su bal\u0131klar\u0131nda geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir, (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck)
\n – Madde verilir, al\u0131nmaz.
\n Bovvman Kaps\u00fcl\u00fc
\n – Tek s\u0131ral\u0131 h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015fur.
\n – S\u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc al\u0131r.
\n Bo\u015falt\u0131m Kanalc\u0131\u011f\u0131
\n – K\u0131lcal damarlarla sar\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.
\n – Geri emilim olur.
\n – Geri emilim aktif ta\u015f\u0131ma ve dif\u00fczyonla olur.
\n – Besin monomerleri proksimal t\u00fcpte geri emilir.
\n – Su ve mineraller henle kulpundan geri emilir.
\n – Distal t\u00fcpte salg\u0131lanma olur.<\/p>\n
Bo\u015falt\u0131mda Kullan\u0131lan Hormonlar
\n ADH (Antidi\u00fcretik Hormon^ V\u00fccudun su ihtiyac\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, idrarla fazla su at\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.
\n Aldosteron At\u0131lacak mineral miktar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler.
\n B\u00f6bre\u011fin G\u00f6revleri
\n – Metabolizma art\u0131klar\u0131 ve zehirli maddeleri uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak.
\n – Organizman\u0131n su dengesini ayarlamak.
\n – \u0130yon dengesini korumak.
\n – Kan plazmas\u0131n\u0131n osmotik bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 ayarlamak.
\n – Kan pH\u2019\u0131n\u0131 dengelemek. (7, 4)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
H\u00fccrelerde metabolizma sonucu olu\u015fan art\u0131klar\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lmas\u0131na bo\u015falt\u0131m denir. Kararl\u0131 bir i\u00e7 ortam olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan d\u00fczenleyici sistemlerdendir. (Homeostaside etkilidir) Bitkilerde \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015f bir bo\u015falt\u0131m sistemi yoktur. Bitkilerde \u00e7e\u015fitli art\u0131klar de\u011fi\u015fik yollarla at\u0131l\u0131r. Bitkilerde; – Stomalar (g\u00f6zenek) g\u00fcnd\u00fcz oksijen ve gece karbondioksit atar. Suyu gece ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz atar. – Lentiseller (kovucuk) su ve karbondioksit atar. – Hidatodlar …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[4252,2427,9320,9319,8393,9315,2338,9316,2431,2164,9318,9019,6136,9317],"class_list":["post-4176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-amonyak","tag-bosaltim-sistemi","tag-bosaltimda-kullanilan-hormonlar","tag-bovvman-kapsulu","tag-glomerulus","tag-hidatodlar","tag-karbondioksit","tag-lentiseller","tag-nefron","tag-oksijen","tag-omurgalilarda-bosaltim","tag-pronefroz-bobrek","tag-stomalar","tag-tek-hucreliler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4176"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4176\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}