H\u00fccreler belli bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra; h\u00fccre y\u00fczeyi, h\u00fccrenin besin al\u0131n\u0131m\u0131, art\u0131k maddelerin at\u0131m\u0131 ve gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi gibi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamaz duruma gelir.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc h\u00fccre bir k\u00fcre olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse; hacim yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n k\u00fcp\u00fcyle, y\u00fczey ise karesiyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca h\u00fccre b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e sitoplazma \/ \u00e7ekirdek oran\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyece\u011finden, \u00e7ekirde\u011fin etki alan\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclecektir.Bu durum h\u00fccre i\u00e7in tehlikelidir.Bu nedenlerden dolay\u0131 h\u00fccre, y\u00fczeyini art\u0131rmak ve sitoplazma \/ \u00e7ekirdek oran\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmek i\u00e7in b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flar.H\u00fccrenin h\u00fccresel, materyalini e\u015fit olarak yavru h\u00fccrelere aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcnme tipine \u201cmitoz B\u00f6l\u00fcnme\u201d denir.<\/p>\n
Mitoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme; bir h\u00fccreli canl\u0131larda \u00fcremeyi sa\u011flarken, \u00e7ok h\u00fccrelilerde zigottan itibaren b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi ve geli\u015fmeyi sa\u011flar.Mitoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme farkl\u0131 h\u00fccrelerde farkl\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kta meydana gelmekle birlikte kas ve sinir h\u00fccrelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/p>\n
Bir h\u00fccrenin hayat\u0131 interfaz evresi ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnme evresi olarak 2\u2019ye ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve buna \u201cH\u00fccre Siklusu\u201d (H\u00fccre d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc) ad\u0131 verilir.\u0130nterfaz evresinde h\u00fccre; DNA Replikasyonu i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapar(G1 faz\u0131), DNA\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 repike eder(S faz\u0131) ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnme s\u0131ras\u0131nda metabolizma durdu\u011fu i\u00e7in ATP depolayarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapar.(G2 faz\u0131)<\/p>\n
Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde mitoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyi safha safha de\u011filde bir hikaye gibi kesintisiz anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z;<\/p>\n
H\u00fccre haz\u0131rl\u0131k evresi olan interfazdan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, mitoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fc artar ve ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kaybeder.Sitoplazma jelle\u015fir.\u00c7ekirdek i\u00e7inde kromozomal proteinlerle birle\u015fmi\u015f olan DNA, kromatin ipli\u011fi \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flar.Buna \u201cKromonema\u201d denir.B\u00f6l\u00fcnme ilerledik\u00e7e kromatin iplikleri kendi \u00fczerine k\u0131vr\u0131larak k\u0131sal\u0131p kal\u0131nla\u015fmaya devam eder.\u0130nce uzun yap\u0131l\u0131 iken nukleus i\u00e7ine geli\u015fi g\u00fczel da\u011f\u0131lan kromozomal iplikler, k\u0131sal\u0131p kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a nukleusun \u00e7evresine do\u011fru \u00e7ekilirler ve nukleus zar\u0131 par\u00e7alan\u0131r.Bu evrede kromozomlar\u0131n( k\u0131sal\u0131p kal\u0131nla\u015fan kromonema\u2019ya art\u0131k kromozom diyebiliriz) birbirine e\u015fit iki kromatidten olu\u015ftu\u011funu ve bir sentromerle bir arada tutuldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.(Bu kromatidler, DNA\u2019n\u0131n replikasyonundan sonra olu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r.) Nukleus zar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla h\u00fccrenin merkezi daha ak\u0131\u015fkan bir h\u00e2l al\u0131r ve kromozomlar merkeze do\u011fru hareket ederek merkezde bir dizi olu\u015ftururlar.Ekvatoral tablada dizilen kromozomlar sentromerlerinde ki kinetokorlar\u0131 ile i\u011f ipliklerine ba\u011flan\u0131rlar.Daha sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn kromozomlar\u0131n karde\u015f kromatidleri ayn\u0131 anda birbirlerinden ayr\u0131larak kar\u015f\u0131 kutuplara \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flarlar.Bu devreye kadar k\u0131sal\u0131p kal\u0131nla\u015fmaya devam eden kromozomlar; sentromerleri \u00f6nde, kollar\u0131 arkada olacak \u015fekilde kutuplara \u00e7ekilirler.Kutuplara eri\u015fen kromozomlar spirallerini(katlanmalar\u0131n\u0131) \u00e7\u00f6zerek kromonema iplikleri haline gelirler.Daha sonra bunlar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda nukleus zar\u0131 \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flar.Bu arada sitoplazma da 2\u2019ye b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Sitoplazman\u0131n da b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinin tamamlanmas\u0131yla yavru h\u00fccreler olu\u015fur.Bu yavru h\u00fccreler birbirinin ve kendisini olu\u015fturan ana\u00e7 h\u00fccrelerin birer kopyas\u0131d\u0131r.Yeni olu\u015fan bu h\u00fccreler art\u0131k birer yeni ana\u00e7 h\u00fccrelerdir ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in interfaz evresindedirler.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6l\u00fcnme olay\u0131n\u0131 bir hikaye gibi \u00f6\u011frenmenin ard\u0131ndan \u015fimdi ise b\u00f6l\u00fcnme safhalar\u0131n\u0131n hangi olayla ba\u015flay\u0131p hangi olayla bitti\u011fine de\u011finelim;<\/p>\n
Profaz: Kromoneman\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ile ba\u015flar.Kromozomlar\u0131n nukleus \u00e7evresine \u00e7ekilip, nukleus zar\u0131n\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131 ile sona erer.<\/p>\n
Metafaz: Nukleus zar\u0131n\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flar.Kromozomlar\u0131n ekvatoral tablada dizilip, karde\u015f kromatidlerin sentromerlerinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ile sona erer.<\/p>\n
Anafaz: Karde\u015f kromatidlerin birbirinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flar.Kromozomlar\u0131n kutuplarda k\u00fcmele\u015fmesi ile sona erer.<\/p>\n
Telofaz: Kromozomlar\u0131n kutuplara eri\u015fmesi ile ba\u015flar.Kromozom k\u00fcmelerinin etraf\u0131nda nukleus zar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131yla sona erer.<\/p>\n
Sitokinez: Telofazda nukleus zar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile birlikte ba\u015flar.Yavru h\u00fccrelerin olu\u015fumuyla sona erer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
H\u00fccreler belli bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra; h\u00fccre y\u00fczeyi, h\u00fccrenin besin al\u0131n\u0131m\u0131, art\u0131k maddelerin at\u0131m\u0131 ve gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi gibi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamaz duruma gelir.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc h\u00fccre bir k\u00fcre olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse; hacim yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n k\u00fcp\u00fcyle, y\u00fczey ise karesiyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca h\u00fccre b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e sitoplazma \/ \u00e7ekirdek oran\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyece\u011finden, \u00e7ekirde\u011fin etki alan\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclecektir.Bu durum h\u00fccre i\u00e7in tehlikelidir.Bu nedenlerden …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2887,5895,2372,2369,3452,2570,9323,2483],"class_list":["post-4180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-ekvator","tag-ig-iplikleri","tag-interfaz","tag-metafaz","tag-mitoz-bolunme","tag-profaz","tag-sitokinez","tag-sitoplazma"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4180"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4180\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}