Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Harekat\u0131<\/p>\n
Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda fel\u00e2ketle neticelenen asker\u00ee harek\u00e2t.
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti harbe; 1878\u2019den beri Rus i\u015fgalinde bulunan Kars, Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f, Ardahan gibi do\u011fu illerimizi geri almak, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da Ruslarla harp h\u00e2linde olan Almanlara yard\u0131m etmek, kazan\u0131lacak bir zaferle Kafkaslar ve Orta-Asya\u2019daki T\u00fcrk illerinin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mak maksatlar\u0131yla, ba\u015fta Enver Pa\u015fa olmak \u00fczere, iktidarda bulunan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan sokuldu. <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekilip, Yavuz ve Midilli ad\u0131 verilen iki Alman z\u0131rhl\u0131s\u0131, Karadeniz\u2019deki Rus limanlar\u0131n\u0131 bombard\u0131man etti. Rusya da buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak 30 Ekim 1914 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye taarruz etti. Rus-Kafkas ordusu, Karadeniz\u2019den A\u011fr\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131ndaki hudut \u00fczerinden yedi kol h\u00e2lindeki sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla Pasinler\u2019e kadar ilerledi. Rus ordusunun taarruzu, K\u00f6pr\u00fck\u00f6y\u2019de durduruldu. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ordu, 3-9 Kas\u0131m 1914 g\u00fcnlerinde meydana gelen K\u00f6pr\u00fck\u00f6y Meydan Muharebesinde Rus ordusunu yendi. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ordu Komutan\u0131, mevsim \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate al\u0131p, ayr\u0131ca askerin kaput ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, giyim ve i\u00e2\u015fesinin yetersizli\u011fini, top ve s\u00fcvari atlar\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaba katarak, s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 takip etmedi. K\u00f6pr\u00fck\u00f6y Meydan Muharebesinin raporlar\u0131n\u0131 alan, yarbayl\u0131ktan pa\u015fal\u0131\u011fa terfi ettirilen Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 (Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakan\u0131) Enver Pa\u015fa, Alman kurmay ve generalleriyle Erzurum\u2019a geldi. Enver Pa\u015fa, Erzurum ve K\u00f6pr\u00fck\u00f6y\u2019de birer taburu tefti\u015f etmi\u015fti; ancak ordu birliklerinin tamam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yeterli bilgiye sahip de\u011fildi. \u00dcstelik, ordu kumandan\u0131 Hasan \u0130zzet Pa\u015fan\u0131n, bu mevsimde harek\u00e2t yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, taarruzun bahara b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 tavsiyesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, onu vazifesinden azletti ve taarruza karar verdi. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vazifesini de \u00fczerine alan Enver Pa\u015fa, 18 Aral\u0131k 1914 tarihinde, k\u0131talara, taarruz emrini verdi. <\/p>\n
Taarruza i\u015ftirak eden birliklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Arabistan\u2019dan geri \u00e7ekilen ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019dan sevk edilenler, s\u0131cak iklime al\u0131\u015f\u0131k olup, te\u00e7hizatlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131na haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ordunun \u00fc\u00e7 kolordusu (9, 10, 11. Kolordular), 24 Aral\u0131k 1914 g\u00fcn\u00fc -39 derece so\u011fukta B\u00fcy\u00fck Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f \u00c7evirme ve Ku\u015fatma (\u0130h\u00e2ta) Harek\u00e2t\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, gerilla harbi yapan yar\u0131 resmi T\u00fcrk \u00e7eteleri de, Ardahan\u2019a hareket etti. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ordudan baz\u0131 k\u0131talar, 24-25 Aral\u0131k gecesi, Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f\u2019a ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Ancak, Allah\u00fc Ekber Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farken \u00e7etin zorluklar ve k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131 sebebiyle gerek miktar, gerekse mevcut silahlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00e7ok zayiat ve kay\u0131p verdiler. Allah\u00fc Ekber Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan Mehmet\u00e7iklerden bir kol da, Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusundaki Selim \u0130stasyonuna vararak demiryolunu tahrip edince, Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f\u2019taki Rus kolordular\u0131 pani\u011fe u\u011frad\u0131. Gayriresm\u00ee T\u00fcrk \u00e7eteleri de, 1915 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda Ardahan\u2019a girdi. Rus Kafkas Ordusu Ba\u015fkumandan\u0131, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ordunun ilerleyi\u015fi \u00fczerine; 2-3 Ocak 1915 g\u00fcnlerinde telsiz-telgraf ile m\u00fcttefikleri Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye, g\u00fcnde birka\u00e7 defa yalvar\u0131rcas\u0131na ba\u015fvurarak: <\/p>\n
\u201cTelefon konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 durduran so\u011fuk ve k\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrk ordusunu engelleyemiyor. \u0130kinci bir cephe a\u00e7arak, T\u00fcrk ordular\u0131n\u0131n ilerlemesi durdurulamaz ise, zengin Bak\u00fc petrolleri, Osmanl\u0131-Alman ittifak\u0131n\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ecek ve Hindistan yolu onlara a\u00e7\u0131k bulunacakt\u0131r!\u201d haberini g\u00f6nderiyordu. <\/p>\n
K\u0131\u015f, 3-4 Ocak 1915 gecesi daha da \u015fiddetlendi. F\u0131rt\u0131na ile ya\u011fan kar, yollar\u0131 t\u0131kay\u0131p, \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131 y\u0131kt\u0131. Arkas\u0131ndan da dondurucu so\u011fuklar bast\u0131r\u0131nca, 150 000 ki\u015filik ordunun 90 000\u2019i (veya 60 000\u2019i) donma, dizanteri ve tifo gibi hastal\u0131klarla mahvoldu. Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f \u0130stasyonuna giren Enver Pa\u015fa, bu felaket kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Orduyu y\u00fcz\u00fcst\u00fc b\u0131rak\u0131p, \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Bu harek\u00e2tta Ruslar, 32 000 kay\u0131p verdiler. <\/p>\n
Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131; ku\u015fatma harek\u00e2t\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015fman kuvvetlerinin arkas\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmeyi hedef alan, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir pl\u00e2nd\u0131. Ancak, stratejinin fakt\u00f6rlerinden zaman iyi de\u011ferlendirilmedi\u011fi, kuvvetler de b\u00f6yle bir harek\u00e2t\u0131 yapacak \u015fekilde te\u00e7hizatland\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. <\/p>\n
Ordunun k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131na haz\u0131r olmamas\u0131 ve olumsuz iklim \u015fartlar\u0131 sebebiyle ikmal ve ia\u015fe hizmetlerinin yap\u0131lmay\u0131\u015f\u0131, k\u0131talarda a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa, hayvanlar\u0131n telef olmas\u0131na, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla birliklerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep oldu. Enver Pa\u015fan\u0131n \u015fuursuzca verdi\u011fi gece taarruzu emirleri, kay\u0131plar\u0131 daha da artt\u0131rd\u0131. <\/p>\n
Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131 sonunda, Do\u011fu Anadolu kap\u0131lar\u0131, Ruslara a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 13 May\u0131s 1915\u2019te Ermenilerin i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rus kuvvetleri, \u00f6nce Van\u2019a, bil\u00e2hare Mu\u015f ve Bitlis\u2019e girdi. Ermenilerin harp esnas\u0131nda Ruslara yapt\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak, bu illerin valilikleri, Ermenilere verildi. Harpten sonra, Ermeni-Rus i\u015fbirli\u011fi sonunda, b\u00f6lge halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcthi\u015f bir soyk\u0131r\u0131ma giri\u015fildi. Van G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn ortalar\u0131na kay\u0131klarla ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen, suya d\u00f6k\u00fclen \u00e7ocuk, kad\u0131n, gen\u00e7 ve ihtiyar T\u00fcrklerin say\u0131s\u0131, kesin olarak tespit edilmemesine ra\u011fmen, \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r. Esasen, bu harp s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ermeni Komitac\u0131lar\u0131, hemen her tarafta isyana haz\u0131rlanarak, bir\u00e7ok yerde depolar dolusu silah ve cephane biriktirdiler. Bu silah, te\u00e7hizat ve destekle katliam yap\u0131p, Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019yu harabeye \u00e7evirdiler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Harekat\u0131 Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda fel\u00e2ketle neticelenen asker\u00ee harek\u00e2t. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti harbe; 1878\u2019den beri Rus i\u015fgalinde bulunan Kars, Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f, Ardahan gibi do\u011fu illerimizi geri almak, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da Ruslarla harp h\u00e2linde olan Almanlara yard\u0131m etmek, kazan\u0131lacak bir zaferle Kafkaslar ve Orta-Asya\u2019daki T\u00fcrk illerinin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mak maksatlar\u0131yla, ba\u015fta Enver Pa\u015fa olmak \u00fczere, iktidarda bulunan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan sokuldu. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1546,1549,1545,1547,1548],"class_list":["post-427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-birinci-dunya-savasi","tag-enver-pasa","tag-sarikamis-harekati","tag-turk-bayragi","tag-yavuz-ve-midilli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=427"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}