B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devletinin Kurulu\u015fu <\/p>\n
Sel\u00e7uklular, T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam devletlerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fcklerindendir. O\u011fuzlar\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7oklar kolunun, K\u0131n\u0131k boyuna mensupturlar. Onuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonu ile onbirinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130slam’\u0131 kabul ettiler. Sel\u00e7uklular; \u00c7in’den, Bat\u0131 Anadolu dahil b\u00fct\u00fcn Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkeleri, Akdeniz sahilleri, Kuzeybat\u0131 Afrika, Hicaz ve Yemen’den Rusya i\u00e7lerine kadar yay\u0131lan hakimiyetin, muazzam bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetin temsilcisidir.
\nDevlete ad\u0131n\u0131 veren Sel\u00e7uk Bey, Aral G\u00f6l\u00fc ile Hazar Denizi aras\u0131na hakim olan O\u011fuz Yabgu Devleti’nin kumandanlar\u0131ndan Dukak Suba\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n o\u011fludur. Dukak \u00f6l\u00fcnce, 17-18 ya\u015flar\u0131ndaki Sel\u00e7uk Bey, suba\u015f\u0131 oldu. Gen\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131na ra\u011fmen y\u00fcksek mevkilere ula\u015fan Sel\u00e7uk Bey’in devaml\u0131 artan bir itibara sahip olmas\u0131, Yabgu ve e\u015fini tela\u015fland\u0131rd\u0131. Onu ba\u015flar\u0131ndan atmak i\u00e7in \u00e7are aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmekten \u00e7ekinen Sel\u00e7uk Bey, kabilesiyle birlikte oradan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00fcney yoluyla, muhtemelen 985 y\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda, Seyhun nehri kenar\u0131nda bulunan Cend \u015fehrine geldiler. B\u00f6lge ve \u015fehir, \u0130slam \u00fclkelerine ge\u00e7i\u015fte hudut durumundayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sel\u00e7uk Bey’in idaresindeki T\u00fcrkler, k\u0131sa zamanda \u0130slam’\u0131 kabul ettiler. Bu durum, Yabgu ile aralar\u0131n\u0131 iyice a\u00e7t\u0131. “M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, gayrim\u00fcslimlere hara\u00e7 vermez” diyen Sel\u00e7uk Bey, Yabgu’nun hara\u00e7 memurlar\u0131n\u0131 kovdu ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. Gayrim\u00fcslim T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sel\u00e7uk Bey’in, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan edip, Yabgu’ya hara\u00e7 vermeyerek, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlarla m\u00fccadeleye giri\u015fmesi, \u00e7evrede tan\u0131n\u0131p itibar kazanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. O\u011fuz Yabgusuna kar\u015f\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkler, etraf\u0131nda topland\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan da destek alan Sel\u00e7uk Bey, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan T\u00fcrkler \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seferlerle \u015f\u00f6hret kazand\u0131. Onun bu \u015f\u00f6hreti, Mavera\u00fcnnehir’de \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletlerden birisi olan S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00eelerle anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00ee sultan\u0131, Sel\u00e7uk Beye, devlet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korumas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Buhara yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki N\u00fbr kasabas\u0131na yerle\u015fme izni verdi.<\/p>\n
Sel\u00e7uk Bey; Mik\u00e2il, Arslan, \u0130srafil, Yusuf ve Musa adlar\u0131ndaki o\u011fullar\u0131yla B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devletinin temelini at\u0131p, Tu\u011frul ve \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 ad\u0131nda iki torun b\u0131rakarak, y\u00fcz ya\u015flar\u0131nda vefat etti. Sel\u00e7uk Bey’in b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu, Tu\u011frul ve \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 beylerin babas\u0131 olan Mik\u00e2il, babas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130kinci b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu olan Arslan Bey, babas\u0131n\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7ti. Yabgu unvan\u0131n\u0131 alarak, Sel\u00e7uklular da denilmeye ba\u015flanan ailesini te\u015fkilatland\u0131rd\u0131. Karahanl\u0131lar’\u0131n S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00ee Devletine son vermesi \u00fczerine, \u00d6zkend’den ka\u00e7an S\u00e2m\u00e2n\u00ee \u015fehzadelerinden \u0130smail Muntas\u0131r’\u0131n, Arslan Yabgu’ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmas\u0131, Karahanl\u0131larla aralar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep oldu. Arslan Yabgu komutas\u0131ndaki Sel\u00e7uklular, Karahanl\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 muharebeler yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi, b\u00f6lgenin hakimi Karahanl\u0131lar ile Gazneliler’i zor durumda b\u0131rakt\u0131. Karahanl\u0131-Gazneli i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle 1025’te Arslan Yabgu, Gaznelilerce yakalan\u0131p, Hindistan’daki K\u00e2lencer Kalesine hapsedildi. Bu hadiseden sonra, Sel\u00e7uklularla Gazneliler aras\u0131nda, a\u00e7\u0131k bir m\u00fccadele ba\u015flad\u0131. Onun esareti y\u0131llar\u0131nda Sel\u00e7uklular, ortak h\u00fck\u00fcmdar sistemiyle y\u00f6netildi. Musa’y\u0131 yabgulu\u011fa, Yusuf’un o\u011flu \u0130brahim’i de y\u0131nall\u0131\u011fa getirdiler. Mik\u00e2il’in o\u011fullar\u0131 Tu\u011frul ve \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 beyler, amcalar\u0131n\u0131n hakimiyetini tan\u0131makla birlikte, ayr\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Mahir s\u00fcvarilerden olu\u015fan Sel\u00e7uklular, kalabal\u0131k hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fcleri ve atlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, bol otlakl\u0131, geni\u015f yaylalar arad\u0131lar. Bu ama\u00e7la zaman zaman, kom\u015fular\u0131 Karahanl\u0131lar ve Gaznelilerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131p, yerli halk\u0131n \u015fik\u00e2yetlerine sebep oldular. Onlar\u0131n bu durumunu kendileri i\u00e7in tehlikeli g\u00f6ren Karahanl\u0131lar, Sel\u00e7uklu ailesi i\u00e7inde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131karmak istedilerse de ba\u015faramad\u0131lar. \u00dczerlerine kuvvet g\u00f6nderildi. Hatt\u00e2 Yusuf Bey \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Musa Yabgu ile birle\u015fen Tu\u011frul ve \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 beyler, Karahanl\u0131 kuvvetlerini yenerek, Yusuf Bey’in intikam\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131lar. Siyas\u00ee durum iyice gerginle\u015fti. B\u00f6lgede de\u011fi\u015fiklikler oldu. Bir bask\u0131nla Sel\u00e7uklular bir hayli zayiata u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131lar. Bunun \u00fczerine \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Bey, da\u011f\u0131lan Sel\u00e7uklulardan \u00fc\u00e7 bin ki\u015filik bir s\u00fcvari kuvvetiyle, Gazneli mukavemet mevkilerini a\u015farak, Do\u011fu Anadolu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na kadar gitti. Van G\u00f6l\u00fc havzas\u0131ndan, kuzeyde Tiflis’e kadar uzanan b\u00f6lgede ke\u015fif harek\u00e2t\u0131 yapt\u0131. Ermeni ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc kuvvetlerini yenerek, b\u00f6lgenin otlak ve yaylaklar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffiyle, gerekli siyas\u00ee, etnik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve asker\u00ee stratejik bilgileri toplad\u0131. Bizans \u015fehirlerine girdi. Ke\u015fif harek\u00e2t\u0131 neticesinde, b\u00f6lgenin, Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n yerle\u015fmesine m\u00fcsait oldu\u011funu tespit ederek Tu\u011frul Bey’e bildirdi.<\/p>\n
Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n esir yabgusu Arslan, 1032 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Hindistan’da hapsedilmi\u015f bulundu\u011fu K\u00e2lencer Kalesinde \u00f6l\u00fcnce, Gaznelilerle ili\u015fkiler daha da bozuldu. Musa Yabgu ile ye\u011fenleri \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 ve Tu\u011frul beyler kumandas\u0131ndaki Sel\u00e7uklu ve T\u00fcrkmen g\u00fc\u00e7leri, b\u00f6lgenin en stratejik mevkiinde yer alan ve Gaznelilere ait olan Horasan’a ani bir taarruzla girerek, Merv, Ni\u015fabur ve Serahs havalisini ele ge\u00e7irdiler. Gazne sultan\u0131 Mesud, Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 tan\u0131mak zorunda kald\u0131. Musa Yabgu’ya, Tu\u011frul ve \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 beylere bulunduklar\u0131 yerlerin valiliklerini verdi. 1035 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bu antla\u015fma, d\u00f6rt ay gibi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre devam etti. Yeniden ba\u015flayan Gazneli-Sel\u00e7uklu m\u00fccadelesi, daha da \u015fiddetlendi. Sel\u00e7uklular, hafif s\u00fcvari kuvvetleriyle, Gaznelilerin fillerle takviye edilmi\u015f, a\u011f\u0131r te\u00e7hizatl\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu piyadeden meydana gelen ordusuna, gerilla sava\u015flar\u0131yla \u00e7ok kay\u0131p verdirdiler. 1038 y\u0131l\u0131nda Serahs civar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta, Gazneli ordusu a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131. Gazneli Sultan Mesud, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devlet adam\u0131, cesur bir kumandan olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu yenilgiden sonra, Ni\u015fabur’u Sel\u00e7uklulara b\u0131rak\u0131p, kesin sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nacak b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131 devaml\u0131 geciktirdi. Tu\u011frul Beyin \u00fcvey karde\u015fi \u0130brahim Y\u0131nal, 1038’de Ni\u015fabur’u al\u0131p, Tu\u011frul Bey ad\u0131na hutbe okuttu. Ni\u015fabur’a gelen Tu\u011frul Beyi muhte\u015fem bir t\u00f6renle kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. Tu\u011frul Bey, Sultan\u00fc’l-Muazzam (B\u00fcy\u00fck Sultan), \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Bey de Melik\u00fc’l-M\u00fcl\u00fbk (H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131) unvan\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’nin kurulu\u015f ve istikl\u00e2lini (ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131) ilan ettiler. Sel\u00e7uklu-Gazneli m\u00fccadelesi, 23 May\u0131s 1040 Dandanakan Meydan Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle neticelendi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devletinin Kurulu\u015fu Sel\u00e7uklular, T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam devletlerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fcklerindendir. O\u011fuzlar\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7oklar kolunun, K\u0131n\u0131k boyuna mensupturlar. Onuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonu ile onbirinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130slam’\u0131 kabul ettiler. Sel\u00e7uklular; \u00c7in’den, Bat\u0131 Anadolu dahil b\u00fct\u00fcn Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkeleri, Akdeniz sahilleri, Kuzeybat\u0131 Afrika, Hicaz ve Yemen’den Rusya i\u00e7lerine kadar yay\u0131lan hakimiyetin, muazzam bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetin temsilcisidir. Devlete ad\u0131n\u0131 veren Sel\u00e7uk …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1514,1429,1508,1551,1552,1550],"class_list":["post-429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-buyuk-selcuklu-devleti","tag-gazneliler","tag-oguzlar","tag-selcuk-bey","tag-tugrul-ve-cagri","tag-turk-islam-devletleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=429"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}