Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin Balkanlar\u2019daki d\u00f6rt devlete kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flar.
\nBirinci Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 <\/p>\n
1789 Frans\u0131z \u0130htil\u00e2linin d\u00fcnyaya yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 milliyet\u00e7ilik ak\u0131m\u0131 neticesinde, imparatorluklar dahilinde bulunan milletler, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015fler ve baz\u0131 devletlerin destek ve yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ile ayaklanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l, bu t\u00fcr ayaklanmalar d\u00f6nemidir. Balkan Yar\u0131madas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli milletler ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, milliyet\u00e7i ayaklanmalar, en fazla burada g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. <\/p>\n
Balkanlarda \u00e7\u0131kan ayaklanmalar\u0131, daha \u00e7ok 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck gayesi, Balt\u0131k Denizine ve \u00f6zellikle Akdeniz\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kmak olan Rusya k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131yordu. Akdeniz\u2019e inmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce Karadeniz\u2019i, sonra \u0130stanbul ve \u00c7anakkale bo\u011fazlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesi gerekiyordu. \u0130\u015fte Rusya, bu gayeye ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in her yola ba\u015fvurmaktan geri kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yollardan biri de \u0131rk ve din bak\u0131m\u0131ndan akraba oldu\u011fu Balkan prensliklerini alet olarak kullan\u0131p, bu gen\u00e7 devletleri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sona erdirmeleri i\u00e7in k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmakt\u0131. Osmanl\u0131lar, Trablusgarp\u2019ta sava\u015f\u0131rlarken, S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Belgrat\u2019taki Rus el\u00e7isi harekete ge\u00e7erek, Balkanlarda Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin elinde kalan son toprak par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n S\u0131rbistan ile Bulgaristan aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015febb\u00fcste bulundu. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k S\u0131rbistan, Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 bir tarafa iterek kendi menfaatlerini temin i\u00e7in Bab\u0131ali ile anla\u015fmaya u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yordu. Balkan devletleri aras\u0131ndaki menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan gafil olan zaman\u0131n \u0130ttihat ve Terakki h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n bu \u00e7ok m\u00fcsait te\u015febb\u00fcslerine ald\u0131r\u0131\u015f bile etmedi. \u00dcstelik, \u0130kinci Abd\u00fclhamid Han’\u0131n Balkan \u00fclkelerinin birle\u015fmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in tahrik etti\u011fi kilise ihtilaf\u0131, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ittihad-\u0131 anas\u0131r kanunuyla halledildi. Bu durum ise, Bulgaristan ve Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki ihtilaf\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, \u015fimdi her ikisi i\u00e7in de ortak d\u00fc\u015fman, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti olmu\u015ftu. Neticede k\u0131sa bir m\u00fcddet i\u00e7in \u00f6nce S\u0131rbistan ve Bulgaristan aras\u0131nda kurulan ittifaka Karada\u011f ve Yunanistan da kat\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Balkanlarda Osmanl\u0131 Devletine kar\u015f\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7me haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015f oldu. <\/p>\n
Bu s\u0131rada T\u00fcrk ordusu subaylar\u0131 iki partiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdayd\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet ise, Ruslar\u0131n Balkanlarda sava\u015fa m\u00fcsaade etmeyece\u011fi hususundaki yalan teminat\u0131na inanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nitekim Sofya el\u00e7ili\u011finden hariciye naz\u0131r\u0131 olan As\u0131m Bey, 15 Temmuz\u2019da, Meclis-i Mebusan’da; \u201cBalkanlardan iman\u0131m kadar eminim!\u201d tarihi c\u00fcmlesini ihtiva eden bir nutuk s\u00f6yleyerek, harp ihtimalinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015fti. Ayr\u0131ca As\u0131m Beyin yerine gelen yeni Hariciye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Ermeni Gabriel Noradingiyan da Rusya\u2019n\u0131n teminat\u0131n\u0131n kesin oldu\u011funu h\u00fck\u00fcmete bildirmi\u015fti. Bu inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 teminatlar neticesinde Rumeli\u2019ndeki en iyi 120 tabur asker terhis edilmi\u015fti. <\/p>\n
Balkan devletleri ittifaktan sonra Osmanl\u0131 Devletine isteklerini bildirdiler. Bu ittifaktan haberi olmayan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, sava\u015f i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenim talebesini k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak, Bab\u0131ali \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u201cHarb\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131rtm\u0131\u015f ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet aleyhinde n\u00fcmayi\u015f yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Harbin kolay ge\u00e7ece\u011fini zannediyorlard\u0131. Halbuki m\u00fcttefikler, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 uygulayacaklar\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 ve taksim projelerini en ince teferruat\u0131na kadar tespit etmi\u015flerdi. <\/p>\n
8 Ekim 1912\u2019de Karada\u011f Prensli\u011fi, Osmanl\u0131 Devletine sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131. Onu 18 Ekim\u2019de Bulgaristan ve S\u0131rbistan, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra da Yunanistan takip etti. <\/p>\n
\u0130kmal ve Levaz\u0131m Te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n bozuldu\u011fu Osmanl\u0131 ordusu, seferberli\u011fini \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 yapabildi. Terhis edilip Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilen 120 taburu, sava\u015f\u0131n sonunda bile yeniden silah alt\u0131na alamad\u0131. <\/p>\n
Bulgaristan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kacak kuvvetler 5 kolordu halinde, \u201c\u015eark Ordusu\u201d nam\u0131yla topland\u0131 ve Birinci Ferik Abdullah Pa\u015fan\u0131n kumandas\u0131na verildi. Edirne mevkiindeki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kuvvetler \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n emrindeydi. Yunanistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131, Selanik\u2019te bir kolordu ve Yanya Kalesindeki kuvvetler b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Karada\u011f\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 kuvvetler \u0130\u015fkodra Kalesinde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. S\u0131rbistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 Makedonya\u2019y\u0131 \u201cGarb Ordusu\u201d kumandan\u0131 m\u00fcstakbel sadrazam Birinci Ferik Ali R\u0131za Pa\u015fa savunacakt\u0131. <\/p>\n
Sava\u015f\u0131 idare kabiliyetinden mahrum Naz\u0131m Pa\u015fan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayan orduyu, hemen Bulgarlara kar\u015f\u0131 taarruza ge\u00e7irmesiyle hezimet ba\u015flad\u0131 ve art\u0131k arkas\u0131 al\u0131namad\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 ordular\u0131, Bulgarlara kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn Trakya\u2019y\u0131 b\u0131rakarak, \u00c7atalca\u2019ya kadar \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, S\u0131rbistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 Kumova’da yenilmi\u015fti. 6 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Preveze\u2019yi alan Yunanl\u0131lar, Veliahd Konstantin idaresindeki b\u00fcy\u00fck kuvvetlerini Selanik \u00fczerine g\u00f6nderdiler. Selanik\u2019i savunmakla g\u00f6revli jandarma pa\u015fas\u0131 Tahsin Pa\u015fa, tek silah atmadan, muazzam kolordusunu b\u00fct\u00fcn silahlar\u0131 ile beraber Yunanl\u0131lara teslim etti. Sultan \u0130kinci Abd\u00fclhamid Han devrinde ihtilas (devlet mal\u0131n\u0131 zimmetine ge\u00e7irmesi) su\u00e7u tespit edilmi\u015f olan Tahsin Pa\u015fa, o devirde menkub (r\u00fctbe ve haysiyetten d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f) oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle, Selanik kolordusunun ba\u015f\u0131na getirilmi\u015fti. B\u00fct\u00fcn Kuzey Arnavutluk da S\u0131rp-Karada\u011fl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edildi. <\/p>\n
Selanik\u2019in d\u00fc\u015fmesinden 8 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, art\u0131k \u201cHakan-\u0131 sab\u0131k\u201d diye an\u0131lan Sultan \u0130kinci Abd\u00fclhamid Han, \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirilmi\u015fti. Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid Han\u0131 Selanik\u2019ten almaya, naz\u0131rlar\u0131ndan Vezir Damat Germiyano\u011flu, Arif Hikmet ve Damat \u00c7avdaro\u011flu Mehmed \u015eerif pa\u015falar gitmi\u015flerdi. Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid Han’\u0131n, muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, ikisi de bilgin ve de\u011ferli eserler sahibi damatlar\u0131yla konu\u015fmas\u0131 me\u015fhurdur. Gazete okumas\u0131 yasak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, kulaktan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, siyasi durumu etrafl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bilmeyen \u201cSab\u0131k Hakan\u201d, d\u00f6rt Balkan devletinin ittifak\u0131na ve bu ittifak\u0131n haber al\u0131nmamas\u0131na hayret etmi\u015ftir. Makedonya\u2019da kiliseler meselesinin \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenince, Balkanlar\u0131n ittifak\u0131n\u0131 bununla izah etmi\u015f, fakat ittifak\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda el\u00e7ilerin, ata\u015felerin ne i\u015f yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sormu\u015ftur. \u201cAllah, bu hallere sebep olanlar\u0131, Kahhar ismiyle kahretsin; devleti bat\u0131rd\u0131lar!\u201d diyerek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir teess\u00fcrle gemiye binmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
Selanik\u2019i ele ge\u00e7iren Yunanl\u0131lar, daha sonra Ege adalar\u0131ndan Bozcaada, Limni, Somatraki ve Ta\u015foz adalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal ettiler. <\/p>\n
22 Ekim 1912 tarihinden beri \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Pa\u015fa kumandas\u0131nda Edirne\u2019yi m\u00fcdafaa eden Osmanl\u0131 birlikleri, \u0130stanbul ile ba\u011flant\u0131 kesik oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in silah, m\u00fchimmat noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve a\u00e7l\u0131k gibi sebeplerle teslim olmak zorunda kald\u0131lar. <\/p>\n
\u00dcst \u00fcste gelen ma\u011flubiyetler \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Bulgaristan\u2019a m\u00fcracaat ederek ate\u015fkes istedi. B\u00f6ylece 3 Aral\u0131k 1912\u2019de imza edilen ate\u015fkes antla\u015fmas\u0131 (m\u00fctareke) ile silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma durmu\u015f oldu. Balkan devletleri ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aras\u0131nda antla\u015fma, 30 May\u0131s 1913\u2019te Londra\u2019da imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Ege adalar\u0131n\u0131n durumunun tayinini ve Arnavutluk\u2019un s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7izilmesi i\u015fini b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlere b\u0131rakmakta, Girit\u2019i hukuken Yunanistan\u2019a terk etmekte ve Midye-Enez hatt\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda kalan topraklar\u0131 da Balkan devletlerine vermekte idi. Bu antla\u015fma ile kendisini kahramanca savunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen yiyecek s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015fman eline ge\u00e7en Edirne de Bulgaristan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kal\u0131yordu. B\u00f6ylece Bulgaristan, Kavala ve Dedea\u011fa\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki topraklar\u0131 da alarak Ege Denizine ula\u015f\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n
2500 y\u0131ll\u0131k T\u00fcrk tarihinin b\u00fcy\u00fck felaketlerinden biri olan Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkler, Anadolu\u2019dan sonra ikinci anayurt haline gelmi\u015f olan Rumeli\u2019ni b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Rumeli, 550 y\u0131ld\u0131r T\u00fcrk yurduydu. Bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede T\u00fcrkler, ezici ekseriyet halindeydiler. <\/p>\n
93 Harbi’nde g\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00f6\u00e7 ve g\u00f6\u00e7men felaketinin daha \u015fiddetlisi, Balkan Harbinde cereyan etti. Y\u00fcz binlerce T\u00fcrk, b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakarak, eriye eriye, \u0130stanbul\u2019a eri\u015ftiler ve Anadolu\u2019ya da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131lar. Balkanlar\u0131n, bilhassa Bulgarlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 zul\u00fcm, t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici idi. Onbinlerce sivil T\u00fcrk, kad\u0131n, ihtiyar, \u00e7ocuk ve bebekler dahil olmak \u00fczere, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fkencelerle do\u011frand\u0131. <\/p>\n
\u0130kinci Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 <\/p>\n
Birinci Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin a\u011f\u0131r ma\u011flubiyete u\u011fray\u0131p Balkanlardan \u00e7ekilmesi sonucunda, Balkanlarda siyasi bak\u0131mdan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bo\u015fluk ve dengesizlik meydana geldi. Ganimetin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda anla\u015famayan Balkan devletleri, birbirine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. <\/p>\n
S\u0131rbistan askeri, hareket dolay\u0131s\u0131yla S\u0131rp-Bulgar ittifak\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7izdi\u011fi ve kendisine ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 arazi par\u00e7as\u0131ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6lgeyi ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti. S\u0131rplar\u0131n bu arazi b\u00f6lgelerini geri vermemesi anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm noktas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil ediyordu. Di\u011fer taraftan Londra Konferans\u0131’nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n almas\u0131, di\u011fer m\u00fcttefiklerin ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011funa sebebiyet vermi\u015fti. Bulgarlar\u0131n Ege k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131, Yunanl\u0131lar, sert tepki ile kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu husus, Yunanistan ile S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131 birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve aralar\u0131nda ittifak anla\u015fmas\u0131 akdine sebep olmu\u015ftu. S\u0131rbistan ile Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n birbirlerine yakla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren Bulgaristan, bu iki devlete tam haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yapmadan \u00f6nce 29-30 Haziran 1913\u2019te sald\u0131rd\u0131. Ancak Bulgar ordusu, Yunanl\u0131lar ve S\u0131rplar taraf\u0131ndan Makedonya\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada Bulgaristan\u2019dan pay almak isteyen Romenler de sava\u015fa girdiler ve k\u0131sa zamanda Bulgar Dobruca\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiler. Bulgar ordular\u0131, birka\u00e7 cephede sava\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yenilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti de bu f\u0131rsat\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmad\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6zellikleri ile bir T\u00fcrk \u015fehri olan Edirne\u2019yi geri ald\u0131. <\/p>\n
Bu yenilgiler \u00fczerine Bulgarlar, bir yandan Romanya kral\u0131na ba\u015fvurarak Balkan devletleriyle, bir yandan da Bab\u0131ali\u2019ye ba\u015fvurarak Osmanl\u0131 Devletiyle bar\u0131\u015f yapmak istediler. <\/p>\n
\u0130kinci Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda, Bulgaristan\u2019la di\u011fer Balkan devletlerinin imzalad\u0131klar\u0131 10 A\u011fustos 1913 tarihli B\u00fckre\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131, Romanya ile Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n yeni s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 belirliyor, Tuna\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde kalan \u00f6nemli bir arazi par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131, G\u00fcney-Dobruca dahil, Romanya\u2019ya b\u0131rak\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Bulgaristan aras\u0131nda 29 Eyl\u00fcl 1913 tarihinde, imzalanan \u0130stanbul Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Bulgaristan; K\u0131rklareli, Dimetoka ve Edirne\u2019yi, Osmanl\u0131 Devletine geri verdi. Antla\u015fmada Bulgaristan\u2019da kalan T\u00fcrklerin de durumu ele al\u0131nmakta, T\u00fcrklerin m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilece\u011fi de belirtilmekteydi. <\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Yunanistan aras\u0131nda imzalanan 14 Kas\u0131m 1913 tarihli, Atina Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile, Girit, kesin olarak Yunanistan\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Ege adalar\u0131n\u0131n ne olaca\u011f\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerce kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck devletler ancak 1914 \u015eubat\u0131nda Londra\u2019da bu adalardan \u0130mroz, Bozcaada ve Meis bir yana, di\u011ferlerinin Yunanistan\u2019a ve \u0130talya i\u015fgalinde olanlar\u0131 da \u0130talya\u2019ya kalmas\u0131na karar verdiler. Ancak bu karar \u00fczerinde hen\u00fcz bir anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lamadan, Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. S\u0131rbistan\u2019la antla\u015fma ise 13 Mart 1914\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019da imza edildi. S\u0131rbistan\u2019la Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin art\u0131k ortak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, sadece S\u0131rbistan\u2019da kalan T\u00fcrklerin durumlar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece, Sultan \u0130kinci Abd\u00fclhamid Han\u0131n 1909\u2019da tahttan indirilmesinin \u00fczerinden hen\u00fcz d\u00f6rt y\u0131l ge\u00e7meden, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Afrika ile ilgisini kesmi\u015f, Balkanlarda a\u011f\u0131r toprak kayb\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, Bulgaristan\u2019dan geri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Edirne ile Do\u011fu Trakya\u2019da kalabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin Balkanlar\u2019daki d\u00f6rt devlete kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flar. Birinci Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 1789 Frans\u0131z \u0130htil\u00e2linin d\u00fcnyaya yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 milliyet\u00e7ilik ak\u0131m\u0131 neticesinde, imparatorluklar dahilinde bulunan milletler, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015fler ve baz\u0131 devletlerin destek ve yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ile ayaklanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l, bu t\u00fcr ayaklanmalar d\u00f6nemidir. Balkan Yar\u0131madas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli milletler ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, milliyet\u00e7i ayaklanmalar, en …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1557,1556,1553,1554,1512,1352,1555],"class_list":["post-431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-babiali","tag-balkan-devletleri","tag-balkan-savaslari","tag-fransiz-ihtilali","tag-ikinci-abdulhamid","tag-osmanli-devleti","tag-trablusgarp"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=431"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}