Uygur alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lan “Kutadgu Bilig” (15.yy, 4. sat\u0131r\u0131nda Arap alfabesiyle besmele yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kutadgu Bilig (IPA: [q\u028ata\u00f0\u02c8\u0262\u028a b\u026a\u02c8l\u026a\u0261]) (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi ile: Mutluluk Veren Bilgi) , 11. y\u00fczy\u0131l Karahanl\u0131 Uygur T\u00fcrklerinden Yusuf Has Hacib’in Do\u011fu Karahanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Tabga\u00e7 Bu\u011fra Han (Eb\u00fb Ali Hasan bin S\u00fcleyman Arslan)’a atfen yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve takdim etti\u011fi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e eser.<\/p>\n
1 Eserin Genel \u00d6zellikleri
\n 2 Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib
\n 3 Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib\u2019in Eseri \u201cKutadgu Bilig\u201d
\n 3.1 Kitab\u0131n Ad\u0131
\n 3.2 Kitab\u0131n \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi
\n 3.3 \u015eekil ve Anlat\u0131m
\n 3.4 N\u00fcshalar
\n 3.4.1 Herat N\u00fcshas\u0131
\n 3.4.2 Fergana N\u00fcshas\u0131
\n 3.4.3 M\u0131s\u0131r N\u00fcshas\u0131<\/p>\n
Eserin Genel \u00d6zellikleri <\/p>\n
11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Yusuf Has Hacib yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Mesnevi tarz\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Siyasetname t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk eseridir.
\n Eserde kullan\u0131lan baz\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fckler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.
\n T\u00fcrk dilinin Hakaniye (\u00c7a\u011fatay) leh\u00e7esi ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Naz\u0131m birimi beyittir. (Redif ve kafiye kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)
\n \u0130slamiyet’in T\u00fcrklerce kabul\u00fcnden sonraki ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 eserdir.
\n Allegorik ve didaktiktir.
\n Baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde ansiklopedik bilgiler i\u00e7erir.
\n ‘Kutlu Olma Bilgisi’ veya ‘Mutluluk Veren Bilgi’ olarak T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine aktar\u0131labilir.
\n 18 ayda tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n 4 soyut kavram \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftur. Bunlar; K\u00fcn Togd\u0131 (h\u00fck\u00fcmdar, kanun, adalet); Ay Told\u0131 (mutluluk, saadet); Odgurm\u0131\u015f (ak\u0131bet, hayat\u0131n sonu); \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f (Ak\u0131l, zeka)<\/p>\n
Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib<\/p>\n
Ana madde: Yusuf Has Hacib<\/p>\n
Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib hakk\u0131ndaki bilgilerin tek kayna\u011f\u0131, yine kendi eserine sonradan eklenmi\u015f olan manz\u00fbm ve mens\u00fbr mukaddimelerdir. Yusuf, XI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Balasagun (Kuz-Ordu)\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Asil bir aileye mensup olup, ilmi, faz\u00eeletleri, z\u00fchd ve takvas\u0131 ile cemiyetin i\u00e7inde en y\u00fcksek hizmet mertebesine ermi\u015f bir zatt\u0131r. Eserine Balasagun\u2019da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, daha sonra gitti\u011fi Ka\u015fgar\u2019da tamamlam\u0131\u015f(1069-1070) ve Karahanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Tavga\u00e7 Kara Bu\u011fra h\u00e2nlar h\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n huzurunda okumu\u015ftur. H\u00e2kan, \u015f\u00e2irin kalem kudretini takdir ederek, ona iltifat etmi\u015f ve yan\u0131na alarak, ona \u201chas h\u00e2cib\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Bundan dolay\u0131 n\u00e2m\u0131 Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib olarak yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dczerinde 18 ay u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserinin baz\u0131 beyitlerinde (365- 371) 50 ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. Bu beyitlerden hareketle O\u2019nun 1019 y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131nda do\u011fdu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc hakk\u0131nda herhangi bir bilgi yoktur. Eserin ilave k\u0131sm\u0131nda kendisinden bahsederken, ihtiyarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hayat\u0131n\u0131 insanlara hizmet etmekle ge\u00e7irerek ib\u00e2dete ge\u00e7 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n
Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib\u2019in Eseri \u201cKutadgu Bilig\u201d
\n Kitab\u0131n Ad\u0131 <\/p>\n
Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib,eserinde kitab\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ve m\u00e2nas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu beyitlerle a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Kitab\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 Kutadgu Bilig koydum; Okuyana kutlu olsun ve ona yol g\u00f6stersin. (beyit 350)
\n Ben s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc s\u00f6yledim ve kitab\u0131 yazd\u0131m;Bu kitap ___ uzan\u0131p, her iki d\u00fcnyay\u0131 tutan bir eldir. (beyit 351)
\n \u0130nsan her iki d\u00fcnyay\u0131 devletle elinde tutarsa;Mes\u2019ud olur, bu s\u00f6z\u00fcm do\u011frudur. (beyit 352)<\/p>\n
R. Rahmeti Arat, Kutadgu Bilig\u2019in \u201ckutlu olma bilgisi\u201d anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
S. Maksudi Arsal\u2019a g\u00f6re; Kutadgu Bilig\u2019deki \u201ckut\u201d, \u201csiyas\u00ee hakimiyet\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir ve talih, saadet ve bahtiyarl\u0131k ikinci planda kalan ve ancak sonralar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tal\u00ee m\u00e2nalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G. Doerfer, \u201ckut\u201d tabirini, \u201cinsan\u0131n bir nev\u00ee otonom ruh\u00ee kudretidir ki, bilhassa h\u00fck\u00fcmdar i\u00e7in G\u00f6k ve Yer taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmeye muhta\u00e7t\u0131r.\u201d \u015eeklinde a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kitab\u0131n \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi <\/p>\n
Eser, 4 ana unsur ve bu 4 unsuru temsil eden sembolik \u015fahsiyetler \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftur.
\n \u0130sim Anlam\u0131 Meslek Sembol\u00fc
\n K\u00fcn-Togd\u0131 “G\u00fcn Do\u011fdu” H\u00fck\u00fcmdar Adalet
\n Ay-Told\u0131 “Ay Doldu” Vezir Mutluluk
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f “\u00d6v\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f” Bilge:vezirin o\u011flu Ak\u0131l (ya da Bilgi)
\n Odgurm\u0131\u015f “Uyanm\u0131\u015f” Dervi\u015f Ak\u0131bet (Ya\u015fam\u0131n sonu)<\/p>\n
Kitap, ba\u015ftan sona bu 4 sembolik \u015fahsiyetin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fma ve m\u00fcnarazalar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Eserde Tanr\u0131, Muhammed Peygamber, D\u00f6rt Hal\u00eefe ve Kara Bu\u011fra H\u00e2n methedilikten sonra; iyilik etmenin faydalar\u0131; bilgi ile akl\u0131n meziyet ve faydalar\u0131; devletin s\u0131fat\u0131; adalet vasf\u0131; h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n vas\u0131flar\u0131; vezirin, kumandan\u0131n, ulu h\u00e2cibin, kap\u0131c\u0131ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, el\u00e7ilerin, k\u00e2tibin, hazined\u00e2r\u0131n, a\u015f\u00e7\u0131ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, i\u00e7kiciba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, hizmetk\u00e2rlar\u0131n vas\u0131flar\u0131; d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kusurlar\u0131; ahiretin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131; beylere hizmet etmenin us\u00fbl ve niz\u00e2m\u0131, hizmetk\u00e2rlarla nas\u0131l ge\u00e7inilece\u011fi, av\u00e2m ile nas\u0131l m\u00fcn\u00e2sebet kurulaca\u011f\u0131, Ali evl\u00e2d\u0131, \u00e2limler, tabipler, efs\u00fbncular, r\u00fcya t\u00e2bircileri, m\u00fcneccimler, \u015f\u00e2irler, \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, sat\u0131c\u0131lar, hayvan yeti\u015ftirenler, zen\u00e2at erb\u00e2b\u0131, fakirler ile m\u00fcn\u00e2sebet; evlilik; \u00e7ocuk terbiyesi; hizmet\u00e7ilere nas\u0131l mu\u00e2mele edilece\u011fi; ziyafete gitme \u00e2dab\u0131; ziyafete davet us\u00fbl\u00fc; memleketi tanzim etme us\u00fbl\u00fc; do\u011frulu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011fruluk, insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 insanl\u0131k g\u00f6sterilmesi; zaman\u0131n bozuklu\u011fu ve dostlar\u0131n cefas\u0131 konular\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Eser, 6645 beyit, 85 b\u00e2bdan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Beyit numaralar\u0131 parantez i\u00e7inde belirtilmekle birlikte 85 b\u00e2b a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n
Mens\u00fbr Mukaddime(1-38)
\n Manz\u00fbm Mukaddime (1-77)
\n (Kutadgu Bilig)<\/p>\n
Tanr\u0131 Azze ve Cellenin Medhi (1-33)
\n Peygamber Aleyhi’s-Sel\u00e2m\u0131n Medhi (34-48)
\n D\u00f6rt Sah\u00e2benin Medhi (49-62)
\n Parlak Bahar Mevsiminin ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Bu\u011fra Han’\u0131n Medhi (63-123)
\n Yedi Y\u0131ld\u0131z ve On \u0130ki Bur\u00e7 (124-147)
\n \u0130nsano\u011flunun De\u011ferinin Bilgi ve Ak\u0131ldan Geldi\u011fi (148-161)
\n Dilin Meziyeti ve Kusru, Faydas\u0131 ve Zarar\u0131 (162-191)
\n Kitap Sahibinin \u00d6zr\u00fc (192-229)
\n \u0130yilik Etmenin Medhi ve Faydalar\u0131 (230-286)
\n Bilgi ile Akl\u0131n Meziyet ve Faydalar\u0131 (287-349)
\n Kitab\u0131n Ad\u0131, M\u00e2nas\u0131 ve Yazar\u0131n \u0130htiyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (350-397)
\n S\u00f6z\u00fcn Ba\u015f\u0131: H\u00fck\u00fcmdar K\u00fcn Togd\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda (398-461)
\n Ay-Told\u0131’n\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcmdar K\u00fcn-Told\u0131 Hizmetine Girmesi (462-580)
\n Ay-Told\u0131’n\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcmdar K\u00fcn Togd\u0131’n\u0131n Huzuruna \u00c7\u0131kmas\u0131 (581-619)
\n Ay-Told\u0131’n\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcmdara Kendisinin Sa\u00e2det Oldu\u011funu S\u00f6ylemesi (620-656)
\n Ay-Told\u0131’n\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcmdara Devlet S\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 S\u00f6ylemesi(657-764)
\n H\u00fck\u00fcmdar K\u00fcn Togd\u0131’n\u0131n Ay-Told\u0131’ya Ad\u00e2let Vasf\u0131n\u0131 S\u00f6ylemesi (765-791)
\n H\u00fck\u00fcmdar K\u00fcn Togd\u0131’n\u0131n Ay-Told\u0131’ya Ad\u00e2let Vasf\u0131n\u0131n Nas\u0131l Oldu\u011funu S\u00f6ylemesi (792-954)
\n Ay-Told\u0131’n\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcmdara Dilin Faz\u00eeletini ve S\u00f6z\u00fcn Faydalar\u0131n\u0131 S\u00f6ylemesi (955-1044)
\n Sa\u00e2detin Devams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130kb\u00e2lin D\u00f6nekli\u011fi (1045-1157)
\n Ay-Told\u0131’n\u0131n O\u011flu \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’e Nas\u00eehat Vermesi (1158-1277)
\n Ay-Told\u0131’n\u0131n O\u011flu \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’e \u00d6\u011f\u00fct Vermesi (1278-1341)
\n Ay-Told\u0131’n\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcmdar K\u00fcn Togd\u0131’ya Vasiyetn\u00e2me Yazmas\u0131(1342-1547)
\n H\u00fck\u00fcmdar K\u00fcn Togd\u0131’n\u0131n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’i \u00c7a\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131(1548-1580)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in H\u00fck\u00fcmdar K\u00fcn Togd\u0131’n\u0131n Huzuruna \u00c7\u0131kmas\u0131 (1581-1590)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in H\u00fck\u00fcmdar K\u00fcn Togd\u0131’n\u0131n Hizmetine Girmesi (1591-1849)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in H\u00fck\u00fcmdara Akl\u0131n Tarifini S\u00f6ylemesi (1850-1920)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in Beyli\u011fe Lay\u0131k Bir Beyin Nas\u0131l Olmas\u0131 Laz\u0131m Geldi\u011fini S\u00f6ylemesi (1921-2180)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in Beylere Vezir Olacak Kimsenin Nas\u0131l Olmas\u0131 Laz\u0131m Geldi\u011fini S\u00f6ylemesi (2181-2268)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in H\u00fck\u00fcmdara Kumandan\u0131n Nas\u0131l Olmas\u0131 Laz\u0131m Geldi\u011fini S\u00f6ylemesi (2269-2434)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in H\u00fck\u00fcmdara Ulu H\u00e2cib’in Nas\u0131l Bir \u0130nsanOlmas\u0131 Laz\u0131m Geldi\u011fini S\u00f6ylemesi (2435-2527)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in H\u00fck\u00fcmdara Kap\u0131c\u0131-Ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Nas\u0131l Olmas\u0131 Laz\u0131m Geldi\u011fini S\u00f6ylemesi (2528-2595)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in H\u00fck\u00fcmdara El\u00e7i Olarak G\u00f6ndermek \u0130\u00e7in Nas\u0131l Bir \u0130nsan Laz\u0131m Geldi\u011fini S\u00f6ylemesi (2596-2671)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in H\u00fck\u00fcmdara K\u00e2tibin Nas\u0131l Olmas\u0131 Laz\u0131m Geldi\u011fini S\u00f6ylemesi (2672-2742)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in H\u00fck\u00fcmdara Hazinedar\u0131n Nas\u0131l Olmas\u0131 Laz\u0131m Geldi\u011fini S\u00f6ylemesi (2743-2827)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in H\u00fck\u00fcmdara A\u015f\u00e7\u0131-Ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Nas\u0131l Olmas\u0131 Laz\u0131m Geldi\u011fini S\u00f6ylemesi (2828-2882)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in H\u00fck\u00fcmdara \u0130\u00e7kici-Ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Nas\u0131l Olmas\u0131 Laz\u0131m Geldi\u011fini S\u00f6ylemesi (2883-2956)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in H\u00fck\u00fcmdara Hizmetk\u00e2rlar\u0131n Beyler \u00dczerindeki Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Neler Oldu\u011funu S\u00f6ylemesi (2957-3186)
\n H\u00fck\u00fcmdar K\u00fcn Togd\u0131’n\u0131n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’a Mektup Yaz\u0131p G\u00f6ndermesi (3187-3288)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131 Ziyaret Etmesi (3289-3317)
\n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f \u0130le M\u00fcn\u00e2zara Etmesi (3318-3511)
\n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’e D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 S\u00f6ylemesi (3512-3645)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in Odgurm\u0131\u015f’a D\u00fcnya V\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131 ile \u00c2hiretin Kazan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 S\u00f6ylemesi (3646-3712)
\n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcmdara Mektup Yaz\u0131p G\u00f6ndermesi (3713-3895)
\n H\u00fck\u00fcmdar K\u00fcn Togd\u0131’n\u0131n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’a \u0130kinci Mektubu G\u00f6ndermesi (3896-3970)
\n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f \u0130le \u0130kinci Defa M\u00fcn\u00e2zara Etmesi (3971-4030)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in Odgurm\u0131\u015f’a Beylere Hizmet Etmenin Us\u00fbl ve Niz\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131 S\u00f6ylemesi(4031-4164)
\n \u00d6\u011fd\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f’\u00fcn Kap\u0131daki Hizmetk\u00e2rlar \u0130le Nas\u0131l Ge\u00e7inilece\u011fini S\u00f6ylemesi (4165-4319)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in Odgurm\u0131\u015f’a Av\u00e2m ile Nas\u0131l M\u00fcn\u00e2sebet Kurulmas\u0131Laz\u0131m Geldi\u011fini S\u00f6ylemesi (4320-4335)
\n Ali-Evl\u00e2d\u0131 \u0130le M\u00fcn\u00e2sebet (4336-4340)
\n \u00c2limler \u0130le M\u00fcn\u00e2sebet (4341-4354)
\n Tabipler \u0130le M\u00fcn\u00e2sebet (4355-4360)
\n Efs\u00fbncular \u0130le M\u00fcn\u00e2sebet (4361-4365)
\n R\u00fcy\u00e2 T\u00e2bircileri \u0130le M\u00fcn\u00e2sebet (4366-4375)
\n M\u00fcneccimler \u0130le M\u00fcn\u00e2sebet (4376-4391)
\n \u015e\u00e2irler \u0130le M\u00fcn\u00e2sebet (4392-4399)
\n \u00c7ift\u00e7iler \u0130le M\u00fcn\u00e2sebet (4400-4418)
\n Sat\u0131c\u0131lar \u0130le M\u00fcn\u00e2sebet (4419-4438)
\n Hayvan Yeti\u015ftirenler \u0130le M\u00fcn\u00e2sebet (4439-4455)
\n Zen\u00e2at Erb\u00e2b\u0131 \u0130le M\u00fcn\u00e2sebet(4456-4468)
\n Fakirler \u0130le M\u00fcn\u00e2sebet (4469-4474)
\n Evlilik (4475-4503)
\n \u00c7ocuk Terbiyesi (4504-4526)
\n Hizmet\u00e7ilere Nas\u0131l Mu\u00e2mele Edilece\u011fi (4527-4572)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in Odgurm\u0131\u015f’a Ziy\u00e2fete Gitme \u00c2dab\u0131n\u0131 S\u00f6ylemesi (4573-4643)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in Odgurm\u0131\u015f’a Ziy\u00e2fete Davet Us\u00fbl\u00fcn\u00fc S\u00f6ylemesi (4644-4679)
\n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’e D\u00fcnyadan Y\u00fcz \u00c7evirip, Olana Kan\u00e2at Etti\u011fini S\u00f6ylemesi (4680-4933)
\n H\u00fck\u00fcmdar K\u00fcn Togd\u0131’n\u0131n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Defa Davet Etmesi (4934-5030)
\n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’e Gelmesi (5031-5034)
\n H\u00fck\u00fcmdar K\u00fcn Togd\u0131’n\u0131n Odgurm\u0131\u015f \u0130le G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi (5035-5131)
\n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcmdara \u00d6\u011f\u00fct vermesi (5132-5466)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in H\u00fck\u00fcmdara Memleketi Tanzim Etme Us\u00fbl\u00fcn\u00fc S\u00f6ylemesi (5467-5631)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in Ge\u00e7en Hayat\u0131na Ac\u0131yarak, T\u00f6vbe Etmesi (5632-5720)
\n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’e Tavsiyede Bulunmas\u0131 (5721-5761)
\n Do\u011frulu\u011fa Kar\u015f\u0131 Do\u011fruluk, \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa Kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130nsanl\u0131k G\u00f6sterilmesi (5762-5952)
\n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n Hastalanarak, \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’i \u00c7a\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131 (5953-5992)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in Odgurm\u0131\u015f’a R\u00fcya T\u00e2birini S\u00f6ylemesi (5993-6031)
\n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’e R\u00fcya G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc S\u00f6ylemesi (6032-6036)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n R\u00fcyas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00e2bir Etmesi (6037-6046)
\n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n Bu R\u00fcyaya Ba\u015fka Bir T\u00e2bir S\u00f6ylemesi (6047-6086)
\n Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’e Nas\u00eehat Etmesi (6087-6285)
\n Kumaru’nun \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’e Odgurm\u0131\u015f’\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc S\u00f6ylemesi(6286-6292)
\n Kumaru’nun \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’e Ba\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dilemesi (6293-6298)
\n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’in Odgurm\u0131\u015f \u0130\u00e7in Matem Tutmas\u0131 (6299-6303)
\n H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n \u00d6gd\u00fclmi\u015f’e Ba\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dilemesi (6304-6520)<\/p>\n
(\u0130laveler)<\/p>\n
Gen\u00e7li\u011fine Ac\u0131mas\u0131 ve \u0130htiyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (6521-6564)
\n Zaman\u0131n Bozuklu\u011fu ve Dostlar\u0131n Cef\u00e2s\u0131 (6565-6604)
\n Kitap Sahibi Yusuf’un Kendisine N\u00e2s\u00eehat Etmesi (6605-6645)<\/p>\n
\u015eekil ve Anlat\u0131m <\/p>\n
Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib\u2019in eseri, dil itibariyle Karahanl\u0131 devri Hak\u00e2niye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi\u2019nin bir metni olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arap\u00e7a\u2019n\u0131n ilim, Fars\u00e7a\u2019n\u0131n \u015fiir dili oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yaz\u0131lan bu eserde kullan\u0131lan alfabe, kesin olarak belli de\u011fildir. Ancak bug\u00fcnk\u00fc mevcut n\u00fcshalara esas olan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc defa yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan alfabenin Arap harfleri ile yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesindir. Eser, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yaz\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Fars edebiyat\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olan \u201caruz vezni\u201d (fa\u00fblun fa\u00fblun fa\u00fblun fa\u00fbl), naz\u0131m biriminde Fars edebiyat\u0131 naz\u0131m birimi \u201cbeyit\u201d kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserin naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi, yine Fars edebiyat\u0131na ait olan \u201cmesnevi\u201d naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imidir.<\/p>\n
N\u00fcshalar <\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131ld\u0131ktan bir s\u00fcre sonra unutulmu\u015f ve \u00e7ok dar bir kesimin istif\u00e2desiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan eser, iki kere ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci kez ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda manz\u00fbm mukaddime ilave edilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonraki bir devreye ait olan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ise ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ilave edilen manz\u00fbm mukaddimenin eksik ve k\u00f6t\u00fc bir hul\u00e2sas\u0131 olan mens\u00fbr bir mukaddime eklenmi\u015f, ancak ne zaman ve nerede yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilmemi\u015ftir. Kutadgu Bilig\u2019in bug\u00fcn elimizde bulunan her \u00fc\u00e7 n\u00fcshas\u0131, eserin bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc tedvinine aittir. Ayn\u0131 n\u00fcshalar\u0131n birer istinsahlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Herat N\u00fcshas\u0131<\/p>\n
Kutadgu Bilig\u2019in ilk defa bulunan ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yle bu eser \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara esas olan bu n\u00fcsha, 1439\u2019da, Herat\u2019da istinsah edilmi\u015ftir. Bu n\u00fcshan\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya ge\u00e7mesi, \u00f6nce Tokat\u2019a ve sonra 1474\u2019de, Fatih d\u00f6neminde, \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelmi\u015f olmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda, esere sonradan eklenmi\u015f \u015fu kay\u0131t vard\u0131r: \u201csekiz y\u00fcz yetmi\u015f dokuz tarihinde, y\u0131lan y\u0131l\u0131nda, Abdurrezzak \u015eeyh-z\u00e2de Bah\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in, Fen\u00e2r\u00ee-z\u00e2de Kad\u0131 Ali, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan mektup g\u00f6ndererek, Tokat\u2019tan getirttiler; m\u00fcbarek olsun, devlet gelsin, mihnet gitsin.\u201d (Bah\u015f\u0131: Osmanl\u0131 devlet te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131nda Orta Asya T\u00fcrk \u00fclkeleri ile resm\u00ee muh\u00e2bereyi idare eden husus\u00ee kalemlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsan memurlara verilen unvan) 1839 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130stanbul\u2019da Avusturya el\u00e7ili\u011fi m\u00fcste\u015far\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc T\u00fcrkolog ve tarih\u00e7i Von Hammer taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f, Viyana \u0130mparator Saray\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphanesine hediye edilmi\u015ftir. Macar m\u00fcste\u015frik Hermann Vambery, 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda, eserin bin kadar beytinin Almanca terc\u00fcmesini ne\u015fretmi\u015f, transkripsiyonunu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1910 y\u0131l\u0131nda Radloff, transkripsiyonunu ve Almanca terc\u00fcmesini ne\u015fretmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk defa 1942\u2019de T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu taraf\u0131ndan t\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m taksimile) halinde bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fergana N\u00fcshas\u0131<\/p>\n
Kutadgu Bilig\u2019in ele ge\u00e7en n\u00fcshalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemlisidir. Bu n\u00fcshay\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da, Fergana\u2019da bulan Zeki Velidi Togan, eser hakk\u0131nda genel bir bilgi vermi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, kitab\u0131n da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k sahifeleri sonradan bir araya getirilerek dikilmi\u015f ve d\u00f6rtl\u00fckler alt\u0131n suyu ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer n\u00fcshalara g\u00f6re daha itinal\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu n\u00fcshan\u0131n ba\u015f ve son k\u0131sm\u0131 eksiktir ve nerede, ne zaman, kimin taraf\u0131ndan, kimin i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131ndaki kay\u0131tlar da, bu eksik sahifeler ile birlikte kaybolmu\u015ftur. Herat ve M\u0131s\u0131r n\u00fcshalar\u0131nda ba\u015fta mens\u00fbr mukaddime, sonra manz\u00fbm mukaddime, ard\u0131ndan bablar\u0131n fihristi ve sonunda Kutadgu Bilig metni gelirken Fergana n\u00fcshas\u0131nda manz\u00fbm mukaddime yoktur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu taraf\u0131ndan t\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m halinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u0131s\u0131r N\u00fcshas\u0131 <\/p>\n
Bu n\u00fcsha, 1896\u2019da, Kahire\u2019de, Hidiv(bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kral) K\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin o zamanki m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Alman \u00e2lim Moritz taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015ftur. K\u00fct\u00fcphane tanzim edilirken, bodrum kata at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k kitap ve sahife y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi s\u0131rada, Kutadgu Bilig\u2019e ait par\u00e7alar toplanarak, bir araya getirilmi\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece bu n\u00fcsha, kaybolmaktan kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. N\u00fcshan\u0131n baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 z\u00e2yi olmu\u015f, ba\u015f\u0131nda ve ortalar\u0131nda baz\u0131 sahifeler, rutubet tesiri ile zedelenmi\u015f, geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 ise iyi muhafaza edilmi\u015ftir. N\u00fcsha \u00e7ok dikkatle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve atlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kelime ve beyitlerin yerleri i\u015faretlenerek sahife kenar\u0131na eklenmi\u015ftir. 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu n\u00fchan\u0131n da t\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m\u0131 T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Uygur alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lan “Kutadgu Bilig” (15.yy, 4. sat\u0131r\u0131nda Arap alfabesiyle besmele yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kutadgu Bilig (IPA: [q\u028ata\u00f0\u02c8\u0262\u028a b\u026a\u02c8l\u026a\u0261]) (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi ile: Mutluluk Veren Bilgi) , 11. y\u00fczy\u0131l Karahanl\u0131 Uygur T\u00fcrklerinden Yusuf Has Hacib’in Do\u011fu Karahanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Tabga\u00e7 Bu\u011fra Han (Eb\u00fb Ali Hasan bin S\u00fcleyman Arslan)’a atfen yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve takdim etti\u011fi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e eser. 1 Eserin Genel \u00d6zellikleri …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1405],"tags":[9597,9509,9595,622,9476,9596,9598],"class_list":["post-4346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-turkce-odevleri","tag-arap-alfabesi","tag-kafiye","tag-kutadgu-bilig","tag-mesnevi","tag-redif","tag-uygur-alfabesi","tag-yusuf-has-hacib"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4346"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4346\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}