\u00d6zellikle Arap, Fars ve Osmanl\u0131 edebiyat\u0131nda kendi aralar\u0131nda uyakl\u0131 beyitlerden olu\u015fan ve aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle yaz\u0131lan \u015fiir bi\u00e7imidir. Arap\u00e7ada \u201cm\u00fczdevice\u201d denilen mesnevi t\u00fcr\u00fc ilk olarak 10\u2019uncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ran edebiyat\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131na giri\u015fi 11\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131lda Yusuf Has Hacib\u2019in Kutadgu Bilig adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Her beytinin ayr\u0131 uyakl\u0131 olmas\u0131 yazma kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu nedenle uzun a\u015fk \u00f6yk\u00fclerinde, destanlarda mesnevi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mesnevi bir eser ba\u015fl\u0131ca tevhid, m\u00fcnacat, na\u2019t, miraciye b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden olu\u015fur. Mesneviler a\u015fk mesnevileri, dinsel-tasavvufi mesneviler, ahlaksal ve \u00f6\u011fretici mesneviler, sava\u015f ve kahramanl\u0131k konusunu i\u015fleyen gazavatnameler, bir kentin g\u00fczelliklerini anlatan \u015fehrengizler ve mizahi mesneviler diye ayr\u0131labilir. Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi\u2019nin alt\u0131 ciltlik tasavvufi yap\u0131t\u0131 da \u201cMesnevi\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mesnevi \u00f6zellikle Arap, Fars ve Osmanl\u0131 edebiyat\u0131nda kendi aralar\u0131nda uyakl\u0131 beyitlerden olu\u015fan ve aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle yaz\u0131lan divan edebiyat\u0131 \u015fiir bi\u00e7imidir.<\/p>\n
Arap\u00e7a\u2019da \u201cm\u00fczdevice\u201d denilen mesnevi t\u00fcr\u00fc ilk olarak 10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ran edebiyat\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131na giri\u015fi 11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Yusuf Has Hacib\u2019in Kutadgu Bilig adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Kutadgu Bilig mesnev\u00ee naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imiyle kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f hacimli bir siyasetn\u00e2me \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n
Her beytinin kendi aras\u0131nda kafiyelenmesi hem yazma kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar hem de daha uzun metinlerin bu \u015fekle uygun olarak kaleme al\u0131nmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131r. Di\u011fer naz\u0131m \u015fekillerindeki kafiye bulma zorlu\u011fu \u015fairleri uzun metinlerde bu \u015fekli kullanmaya te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle uzun a\u015fk \u00f6yk\u00fclerinde, destanlarda mesnevi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Klasik d\u00fczende bir mesnevi; tevhid, m\u00fcnacat, na\u2019t, miraciye, eserin sunulaca\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011fe \u00f6vg\u00fc, mesnevinin ni\u00e7in yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan sebeb-i nazm ve hik\u00e2yenin anlat\u0131m\u0131(a\u011faz-\u0131 destan) b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Mesneviler a\u015fk mesnevileri (Fuzul\u00ee-Leyla ile Mecnun), din\u00ee-tasavvufi mesneviler(S\u00fcleyman \u00c7elebi-Mevlit), ahlaksal ve \u00f6\u011fretici mesneviler (\u015eeyh\u00ee-Harn\u00e2me), sava\u015f ve kahramanl\u0131k konusunu i\u015fleyen gazavatnameler, bir kentin g\u00fczelliklerini anlatan \u015fehrengizler ve mizahi mesneviler diye ayr\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Mesnevide konu ne olursa olsun , ilk dikkati \u00e7eken \u00f6zellik olay\u0131n bir masal havas\u0131nda anlat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ak\u0131l ve mant\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerini a\u015fan bir s\u00fcr\u00fc olay birbirini izler. Olay\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yer ve zaman belirsizdir. Konuda birlik sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hikayenin b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri birbirine eklenmi\u015f ilgisiz par\u00e7alar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00c7evre tasvirleri ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun de\u011fildir, hikaye kahramanlar\u0131 do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunur. Hikayelerde cinler, periler, devler, cad\u0131lar, ejderhalar gibi masal motifleri s\u0131k s\u0131k i\u015flenir.<\/p>\n
Divan \u015fiirinde, her beytinin dizeleri kendi aras\u0131nda uyakl\u0131, aruzun genellikle k\u0131sa kal\u0131plar\u0131yla yaz\u0131lan naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imine ve bu bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yap\u0131tlara mesnevi denir. Mesneviler konular\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131r: Destans\u0131 nitelikteki mesneviler (Firdevsi\u2019nin \u015eehname\u2019si) ; \u00f6\u011fretici nitelikteki mesneviler (Nabi\u2019nin Hayriye\u2019si) ; din ve tasavvufla ilgili mesneviler (Mevlana\u2019n\u0131n Mesnevi\u2019si, Fuzuli\u2019nin Leyla ile Mecnun\u2019u, \u015eeyh Galip\u2019in H\u00fcsn\u2019\u00fc A\u015fk\u2019\u0131) . Ayr\u0131ca, padi\u015fahlar\u0131n sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan manzum yap\u0131tlar (gazavatnameler) , kentleri ve kentlerdeki g\u00fczelleri anlatan yap\u0131tlar (\u015fehrengizler) , baz\u0131 yergi t\u00fcr\u00fcndeki yap\u0131tlar, mesnevi naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mesnevi \u0130ran edebiyat\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f (\u0130ran edebiyat\u0131nda Genceli Nizami ve Cami bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca adlar\u0131d\u0131r) . Genceli Nizami\u2019nin be\u015f mesnevisinden olu\u015fan Hamse\u2019si, sonradan Divan edebiyat\u0131 ozanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da \u00f6rnek olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda ilk mesnevi Yusuf Has Hacib\u2019in Kutadgu Bilig adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Her beyti kendi i\u00e7inde uyakl\u0131 uzun naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imidir. Bir anlamda Divan edebiyat\u0131nda manzum hikayelerin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bi\u00e7im olarak da tan\u0131mlayabiliriz. Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc tasavvufi mesnevisi 25.700 beyitten olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Mevlana eserine ayr\u0131 bir isim koymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; eser, naz\u0131m t\u00fcr\u00fc olan mesnevi ad\u0131 ile bilinir.<\/p>\n
Mesneviler a\u015fk, dini ve tasavvufi, ahlaki-\u00f6\u011fretici, sava\u015f ve kahramanl\u0131k, bir \u015fehri ve \u015fehrin g\u00fczelliklerini anlatma, mizah gibi t\u00fcrl\u00fc konularda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Divan edebiyat\u0131nda roman ve hikaye gibi t\u00fcrler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in mesneviler bir bak\u0131ma bu t\u00fcrlerin yerini tutmu\u015flard\u0131r. On b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur.Ayn\u0131 \u015fair taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f be\u015f mesneviye \u201cHamse\u201d ad\u0131 verilir. Hamse sahibi olmak bir itibar kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Hamse sahibi olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli divan \u015fairleri: Ali \u015eir Nev\u00e2i, Ta\u015fl\u0131cal\u0131 Yahya, Nev\u2019i-z\u00e2de At\u00e2i\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
Mesnevi t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn temeli Arap ve \u0130ran edebiyatlar\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok edebi t\u00fcrde oldu\u011fu gibi mesnevide de Divan \u015fairlerimiz ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Arap ve \u0130ran edebiyat\u0131na ait belli ba\u015fl\u0131 mesnevileri terc\u00fcmeyle i\u015fe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar; ard\u0131ndan da m\u00fcstakil ve orijinal mesneviler yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra art\u0131k \u015fairlerimiz, yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 milli kimli\u011fimizin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu mesneviler yazmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu konuda Muhammet Kuzuba\u015f\u2019\u0131n Mahzen-i Esrar ile Nefhat\u00fc\u2019-l Ezhar Mukayesesi adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, mesnevilerimizin \u0130ran ve Arap k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131karak yerli kaynaklara y\u00f6neldi\u011fini ortaya koymas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00d6zellikle Arap, Fars ve Osmanl\u0131 edebiyat\u0131nda kendi aralar\u0131nda uyakl\u0131 beyitlerden olu\u015fan ve aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle yaz\u0131lan \u015fiir bi\u00e7imidir. Arap\u00e7ada \u201cm\u00fczdevice\u201d denilen mesnevi t\u00fcr\u00fc ilk olarak 10\u2019uncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ran edebiyat\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131na giri\u015fi 11\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131lda Yusuf Has Hacib\u2019in Kutadgu Bilig adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Her beytinin ayr\u0131 uyakl\u0131 olmas\u0131 yazma kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu nedenle uzun a\u015fk …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1405],"tags":[9757,9760,9758,9629,9509,622,9759,1526,9598],"class_list":["post-4448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-turkce-odevleri","tag-arap","tag-divan-siiri","tag-fars","tag-fuzuli","tag-kafiye","tag-mesnevi","tag-mevlana-celaleddin-rumi","tag-osmanli","tag-yusuf-has-hacib"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4448"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4448\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}