\u00c7ekimli bir fiilden olu\u015fan y\u00fcklemin nesne ve \u00f6zneye g\u00f6re g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi durumlara \u00e7at\u0131 denir. Bundan hareketle, y\u00fcklemin isim soylu s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerden olu\u015ftu\u011fu c\u00fcmlelerde \u00e7at\u0131n\u0131n aranmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. <\/p>\n
\u00c7at\u0131; y\u00fcklemin nesne ve \u00f6zneyle ilgisi oldu\u011fundan, sorularda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7o\u011fu kez, nesne-y\u00fcklem ve \u00f6zne-y\u00fcklem ili\u015fkisi olarak \u00e7\u0131kar. \u015eimdi bunlar\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 inceleyelim.<\/p>\n
NESNE \u2013 Y\u00dcKLEM \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130
\nFiiller nesne al\u0131p almamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekillerde adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 d\u00f6rt grupta inceleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n
1. Ge\u00e7i\u015fli Fiil: Nesne alabilen fiillerdir. Bir fiilin nesne al\u0131p almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 c\u00fcmle \u00f6\u011felerinde \u201cnesne\u201d konusunda i\u015flemi\u015ftik. Buna g\u00f6re, fiil nesne al\u0131yorsa ge\u00e7i\u015fli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin; <\/p>\n
\u201cEtraf\u0131 daha iyi g\u00f6rebilmek i\u00e7in \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakt\u0131.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cyakt\u0131\u201d y\u00fcklemdir; \u201co\u201d gizli \u00f6znedir. Nesneyi bulmak i\u00e7in \u201cO neyi yakt\u0131?\u201d diye soruyoruz. \u201c\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d cevab\u0131 geliyor. \u00d6yleyse y\u00fcklem nesne alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201cyakmak\u201d fiili ge\u00e7i\u015fli bir fiildir.<\/p>\n
Fiilin ge\u00e7i\u015fli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in c\u00fcmlede mutlaka nesnesinin bulunmas\u0131 gerekmez. Bazen fiil ge\u00e7i\u015fli oldu\u011fu halde c\u00fcmlede nesne kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f da olabilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cAhmet mutlaka senden \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde \u201c\u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir\u201d y\u00fcklemine \u201cNeyi \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir?\u201d diye sordu\u011fumuzda c\u00fcmlede herhangi bir \u00f6\u011fenin cevap vermedi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ancak biz c\u00fcmleye \u201conu\u201d gibi bir nesne ilave edebiliriz. \u00d6yleyse bu c\u00fcmlenin y\u00fcklemi ge\u00e7i\u015flidir, ancak c\u00fcmlede nesne yoktur. B\u00f6yle c\u00fcmlelerde bir t\u00fcr \u201cgizli nesne\u201d nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu durumun g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc c\u00fcmleleri daima \u201conu\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcyle kontrol edin, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu s\u00f6z yaln\u0131zca nesne olabilir.<\/p>\n
2. Ge\u00e7i\u015fsiz Fiil: Nesne almayan fiillerdir. Bu fiillerin y\u00fcklem oldu\u011fu c\u00fcmlelere d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan da herhangi bir nesne getirilemez.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin; <\/p>\n
\u201cEve d\u00f6n\u00fcnce, yorgunluktan, uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131m yerde uyuyakalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinin y\u00fcklemine \u201cNeyi uyuyakalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m?\u201d diye sordu\u011fumuzda mant\u0131kl\u0131 bir soru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu fiiil nesne almaz; yani ge\u00e7i\u015fsizdir. <\/p>\n
Fiiller de\u011fi\u015fik eklerle \u00e7at\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Bu durumda \u201coldurganl\u0131k, ettirgenlik\u201d durumu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ZNE \u2013 Y\u00dcKLEM \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130
\n\u00d6znenin y\u00fcklemle ili\u015fkisi be\u015f grupta incelenir.<\/p>\n
1. Etken Fiil: Y\u00fcklem durumundaki fiilin bildirdi\u011fi i\u015fi, \u00f6znenin kendisi yap\u0131yorsa fiil etkendir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cMasan\u0131n \u00fczerini g\u00fczelce temizledi.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cYapan kim?\u201d diye sordu\u011fumuzda yine \u201co\u201d cevab\u0131 geliyor. Yani \u00f6zne, y\u00fcklemin bildirdi\u011fi i\u015fi kendisi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6yleyse fiil etkendir.<\/p>\n
\u201cYa\u011fmur ya\u011f\u0131yor yine ince ince.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cTa\u015f bu yola nereden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f?\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cYapraklar gittik\u00e7e daha \u00e7ok sarar\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cYa\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n elleri bir hayli buru\u015fmu\u015ftu. c\u00fcmlelerinin y\u00fcklemleri de etken fiildir.<\/p>\n
2. Edilgen Fiil: Fiilin bildirdi\u011fi i\u015fi \u00f6zne de\u011fil de ba\u015fkas\u0131 yap\u0131yorsa, \u00f6zne bu i\u015ften etkileniyorsa, fiil edilgendir. Bu fiiller, etken fiillere \u201c-l-\u201d ve \u201c-n-\u201d eklerinin getirilmesiyle yap\u0131l\u0131r. Etken fiilin nesnesi olan \u00f6\u011fe, fiil edilgen yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zne durumuna ge\u00e7er ve bu \u00f6znelere \u201cs\u00f6zde \u00f6zne\u201d ad\u0131 verilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin etken fiilde \u00f6rnek verdi\u011fimiz c\u00fcmleyi edilgen yapal\u0131m;<\/p>\n
\u201cMasan\u0131n \u00fczeri g\u00fczelce temizlendi.\u201dc\u00fcmlesini incelersek; \u201ctemizlendi\u201d y\u00fcklemdir. \u201cTemizlenen ne?\u201d diye sordu\u011fumuzda \u201cMasan\u0131n \u00fczeri\u201d \u00f6znesi cevap veriyor. \u201c\u0130\u015fi yapan kim?\u201d diye sordu\u011fumuzda, \u201cba\u015fkas\u0131\u201d cevab\u0131 gelir. Yani i\u015fi yapan \u00f6zne de\u011fil ba\u015fkas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc masa kendi kendini temizleyemez. \u00d6yleyse fiil edilgendir, \u00f6znesi de s\u00f6zde \u00f6znedir.<\/p>\n
3. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc Fiil: Fiilin bildirdi\u011fi i\u015fi \u00f6zne kendi \u00fczerinde yap\u0131yorsa, yani \u00f6zne hem i\u015fi yapan, hem de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015ften etkilenense, bu anlam\u0131 veren fiil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fl\u00fcd\u00fcr. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc fiiller de etken fiillere \u201c-l-\u201d ve \u201c-n-\u201d ekleri getirilerek yap\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\u201cTara\u011f\u0131 eline al\u0131p bir s\u00fcre tarand\u0131.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde tarama i\u015fini \u00f6znenin kendi \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bellidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla fiil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
4. \u0130\u015fte\u015f Fiil: En az iki \u00f6zne taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131labilen fiillerdir. Bu fiiller, fiillere \u201c-\u015f-\u201d eki getirilerek t\u00fcretilir. Baz\u0131 fiiller ise k\u00f6k olarak \u201c-\u015f-\u201d ile bitmi\u015ftir ve i\u015fte\u015f \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte\u015f fiiller i\u015fin yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re iki grupta incelenir.<\/p>\n
a. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131lma bildirir <\/p>\n
Y\u00fcklem durumundaki fiilin anlam\u0131nda \u00f6znelerin i\u015fi birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u201cYolda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca mutlaka selamla\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131.\u201d c\u00fcmlesine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u201cselamla\u015fmak\u201d eyleminin ki\u015filerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bir i\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. \u0130ki ki\u015fi birbirine selam vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u201cOrtadaki elmalar\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cBo\u015f yere saatlerce tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cBoks\u00f6rler \u00e7ok yaman d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler.\u201d c\u00fcmlelerindeki y\u00fcklemler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131lan i\u015fte\u015f fiillerdir.<\/p>\n
b. Birlikte yap\u0131lma bildirir<\/p>\n
Bunlarda \u00f6zneler i\u015fi birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil hep birlikte yaparlar. Yani kar\u015f\u0131dan bir hareketin oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00c7ocuklar odaya girer girmez yemeklerin ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde \u201c\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fme\u201d i\u015fini \u00e7ocuklar hep birlikte yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201cKuzular otlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan mele\u015fiyor.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cKu\u015flar etrafta sevin\u00e7le u\u00e7u\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00c7ocuklar a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n aras\u0131nda ko\u015fu\u015fuyor.\u201d c\u00fcmlelerindeki y\u00fcklemler birlikte yap\u0131lma bildiren i\u015fte\u015f fiillerdir.<\/p>\n
\u201cOkula bu sabah birlikte gittiler.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde de y\u00fcklem birlikte yap\u0131lma bildirir, ancak biz buna i\u015fte\u015f diyemeyiz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015fte\u015f fiiller, \u00f6nceden de s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftik, mutlaka \u201c-\u015f-\u201d ile bitmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131ca \u201c-\u015f-\u201d ile biten her fiil elbette i\u015fte\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u201cAdam gen\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fcnyay\u0131 dola\u015ft\u0131.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde y\u00fcklem i\u015fte\u015f de\u011fildir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ya da birlikte yap\u0131lma anlam\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda \u201cnitelikte e\u015fitlik\u201d ad\u0131yla i\u015fte\u015f s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na al\u0131nan, olu\u015f bildiren fiiller de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201cElleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan nas\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015f.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cG\u00f6rmeyeli bir hayli g\u00fczelle\u015fmi\u015f.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cPantolonu, yerde oturmaktan k\u0131r\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f. c\u00fcmlelerindeki y\u00fcklemler bu t\u00fcrdendir. Ancak bunlarda herhangi bir i\u015f bildirme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u201ci\u015fte\u015f\u201d mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na pek uygunluk g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. Sorularda da bunun i\u015fte\u015f oldu\u011funa dair bir ipucu verilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. Ettirgen Fiil: Konumuzun ba\u015f\u0131nda, nesne-y\u00fcklem ili\u015fkisini verirken, ettirgenli\u011fe de de\u011finmi\u015ftik. Bu t\u00fcr fiillerde i\u015fi \u00f6zne bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na yapt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201cO\u011fluna terliklerini getirtti.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde getirme i\u015fini yapan \u201co\u011flu\u201d dur, \u00f6zne ona i\u015fi yapmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u201cMasay\u0131 bir g\u00fczel temizletti.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cSoruyu ablas\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fcrd\u00fc.\u201d c\u00fcmlelerinin y\u00fcklemleri de ayn\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00c7ekimli bir fiilden olu\u015fan y\u00fcklemin nesne ve \u00f6zneye g\u00f6re g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi durumlara \u00e7at\u0131 denir. Bundan hareketle, y\u00fcklemin isim soylu s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerden olu\u015ftu\u011fu c\u00fcmlelerde \u00e7at\u0131n\u0131n aranmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u00c7at\u0131; y\u00fcklemin nesne ve \u00f6zneyle ilgisi oldu\u011fundan, sorularda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7o\u011fu kez, nesne-y\u00fcklem ve \u00f6zne-y\u00fcklem ili\u015fkisi olarak \u00e7\u0131kar. \u015eimdi bunlar\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 inceleyelim. NESNE \u2013 Y\u00dcKLEM \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130 Fiiller nesne al\u0131p almamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1405],"tags":[9814,9813,9812,9809,9810,9811],"class_list":["post-4478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-turkce-odevleri","tag-donuslu-fiil","tag-edilgen-fiil","tag-etken-fiil","tag-fiil-catisi","tag-gecisli-fiil","tag-gecissiz-fiil"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4478","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4478"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4478\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}