C\u00fcmle, yarg\u0131 bildiren s\u00f6zc\u00fck ya da s\u00f6z \u00f6be\u011fidir. Bir s\u00f6z\u00fcn yarg\u0131 bildirmesi, \u015fah\u0131s ve kip bildirecek bi\u00e7imde \u00e7ekimlenmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6steren tek bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck c\u00fcmle olabilece\u011fi gibi birbirini tamamlayan bir\u00e7ok s\u00f6zc\u00fck de c\u00fcmle \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterebilir. Yani \u201cgeliyorum\u201d, \u201chastay\u0131m\u201d s\u00f6zleri de c\u00fcmledir; \u201cD\u00fcn seni okulun bah\u00e7esinde arkada\u015flar\u0131nla gezerken g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm.\u201d de c\u00fcmledir. Daha uzun c\u00fcmleler de kurulabilir.<\/p>\n
Bizim burada \u00fczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z konu c\u00fcmlenin yap\u0131sal \u00f6zellikleri de\u011fil anlamlar\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131navlarda \u00e7\u0131kan c\u00fcmle anlam\u0131yla ilgili sorular\u0131 iki grupta de\u011ferlendirebiliriz. Birincisi c\u00fcmlelerin anlamca e\u015fle\u015ftirilmesi \u015feklindedir. Bir bilgi gerektirmeyen bu t\u00fcr sorular\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde c\u00fcmlelerin ifade etti\u011fi anlamlar\u0131n iyi kavranmas\u0131 gerekir. Kimi zaman ise bu \u015fekilde e\u015fle\u015ftirme sorulmaz da c\u00fcmlede anlat\u0131lmak istenenin ne oldu\u011fu, s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle, hangi c\u00fcmlenin ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda oldu\u011fu ya da s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle hangi c\u00fcmlenin \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi sorulabilir<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 c\u00fcmle anlam\u0131 sorular\u0131 da c\u00fcmle tamamlama bi\u00e7iminde olabilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci grup c\u00fcmle anlam\u0131 sorular\u0131 ise kavramlar ve duygularla ilgilidir. \u201cTan\u0131m, \u00fcslup, de\u011ferlendirme, \u00f6znellik, nesnellik, kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k, e\u015fitlik, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma, \u00f6nyarg\u0131, neden-sonu\u00e7, ko\u015fula ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k, be\u011fenme\u2026\u201d sorulan kavram ve duygulardan baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlardan \u00f6nemli g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimizi a\u00e7\u0131klayarak konuyu peki\u015ftirelim.<\/p>\n
TANIMLAMA<\/p>\n
Bir \u015feyin ne oldu\u011funu anlatan c\u00fcmleler tan\u0131m c\u00fcmleleridir. Bu t\u00fcr c\u00fcmleler \u201cBu nedir?\u201d sorusuna cevap verir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cS\u00f6zc\u00fck, dilin anlaml\u0131 en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde tan\u0131m yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, \u201cS\u00f6zc\u00fck nedir?\u201d sorusuna cevap verir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcSLUP<\/p>\n
Sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n dili kullanma bi\u00e7imi, anlat\u0131m \u015fekli \u00fcslupla ilgilidir. C\u00fcmlelerin uzunlu\u011fu, k\u0131sal\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6zc\u00fck se\u00e7imi, sanatl\u0131 ya da yal\u0131n olu\u015f, sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcslubunu ortaya koyar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cSanat\u00e7\u0131 eserinde ger\u00e7ekleri dile getirir.\u201d c\u00fcmlesi \u00fcslupla ilgili de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc anlat\u0131mdan s\u00f6z edilmemi\u015f. Ancak \u201cSanat\u00e7\u0131, eserinde ger\u00e7ekleri k\u0131sa, yal\u0131n c\u00fcmlelerle dile getirmi\u015f.\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00fcslupla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eILA\u015eTIRMA<\/p>\n
Bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi ya da kavram\u0131 daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale getirmek i\u00e7in onu ba\u015fka bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ya da kavramla herhangi bir y\u00f6nden de\u011ferlendirmeye denir. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma, ortak ya da farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nlerden yap\u0131labilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cAhmet\u2019in boyu Ali kadar uzundur.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde Ahmet ve Ali boylar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u201cAli, Ahmet\u2019ten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkand\u0131r.\u201d c\u00fcmlesi de bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u201cAhmet gezmeyi \u00e7ok sever, Ali ise ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 tercih eder.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde de kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma vard\u0131r. Ali ve Ahmet sevdikleri durumlar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmayla benzetmeyi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamal\u0131y\u0131z. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmada \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k ya da ayn\u0131 seviyede olmak gibi bir derecelendirme vard\u0131r. Benzetmede bu g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. \u201cO aslan gibi bir delikanl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde benzetme vard\u0131r. Ancak \u201cO aslan kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma vard\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc birincisinde benzerlik, ikincisinde derecelendirme s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ZNELL\u0130K VE NESNELL\u0130K<\/p>\n
Kimi yarg\u0131lar\u0131n ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye de\u011fi\u015fen g\u00f6reli bir yan\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu yarg\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fru ya da yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanamaz. S\u00f6yleyenin yorumunu i\u00e7eren bu t\u00fcr yarg\u0131lara \u00f6znel yarg\u0131lar denir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cEn be\u011fenilen edebiyat t\u00fcr\u00fc romand\u0131r.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde be\u011feni ifadesi, s\u00f6yleyenin yorumuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve bu yorum ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n
Do\u011frulu\u011fu ya da yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye de\u011fi\u015fmeyen, kan\u0131tlanabilir bir bilgi \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan ve s\u00f6yleyenin yorumunu i\u00e7ermeyen yarg\u0131lar ise nesneldir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cEn \u00e7ok satan romanlar a\u015fk romanlar\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d c\u00fcmlesi nesneldir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sat\u0131\u015f rakamlar\u0131 incelenerek kan\u0131tlanabilecek bir bilgi c\u00fcmlesidir.<\/p>\n
DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
Bir sanat eserinin, sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ya da herhangi bir durumun iyi ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6nlerini ortaya koymaya veya \u00f6zelliklerini belirlemeye de\u011ferlendirme denir. De\u011ferlendirmeler \u00f6znel ya da nesnel nitelik g\u00f6sterebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cSanat\u00e7\u0131 \u015fiirinde yabanc\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklere hi\u00e7 yer vermemi\u015f.\u201d c\u00fcmlesi nesnel bir de\u011ferlendirmedir. Ancak \u201c\u015eiirde her insan\u0131 derinden etkileyen hayal alemlerine yer verilmi\u015f.\u201d c\u00fcmlesi \u00f6znel bir de\u011ferlendirmedir.<\/p>\n
De\u011ferlendirme belli bir eser, ki\u015fi ya da durum \u00fczerine yap\u0131l\u0131r ve genel kan\u0131 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maz.<\/p>\n
KO\u015eULA BA\u011eLILIK<\/p>\n
Bir eylemin ya da durumun ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden olmas\u0131 gereken ba\u015fka bir durumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ko\u015fula ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cSizinle gelirim, ama \u00f6nce bu i\u015fi bitirmeme yard\u0131m ederseniz.\u201d c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cgelme\u201d eyleminin olmas\u0131 \u201cyard\u0131m etme\u201d eyleminin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ko\u015ful olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen durum ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmezse sonu\u00e7 olacak durum da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. C\u00fcmledeki ko\u015fulu bulabilmek i\u00e7in y\u00fckleme \u201changi \u015fartla, hangi taktirde\u201d gibi sorular sorulabilir.<\/p>\n
NEDEN \u2013 SONU\u00c7<\/p>\n
Bir eylemin hangi gerek\u00e7eyle ya da hangi nedenden dolay\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiren c\u00fcmlelerde neden-sonu\u00e7 ilgisi vard\u0131r. Bunu bulmak i\u00e7in y\u00fckleme \u201cni\u00e7in\u201d sorusu sorulabilir. Bu t\u00fcr sorularda neden-sonu\u00e7 sorulabilece\u011fi gibi hangi gerek\u00e7eyle yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da sorulabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C\u00fcmle, yarg\u0131 bildiren s\u00f6zc\u00fck ya da s\u00f6z \u00f6be\u011fidir. Bir s\u00f6z\u00fcn yarg\u0131 bildirmesi, \u015fah\u0131s ve kip bildirecek bi\u00e7imde \u00e7ekimlenmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6steren tek bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck c\u00fcmle olabilece\u011fi gibi birbirini tamamlayan bir\u00e7ok s\u00f6zc\u00fck de c\u00fcmle \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterebilir. Yani \u201cgeliyorum\u201d, \u201chastay\u0131m\u201d s\u00f6zleri de c\u00fcmledir; \u201cD\u00fcn seni okulun bah\u00e7esinde arkada\u015flar\u0131nla gezerken g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm.\u201d de c\u00fcmledir. Daha uzun c\u00fcmleler de …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1405],"tags":[1945,9821],"class_list":["post-4486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-turkce-odevleri","tag-cumlede-anlam","tag-sanat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4486"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4486\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}