T\u00fcrklerin siyasal varl\u0131k olarak tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131, Milattan \u00f6nceki y\u00fczy\u0131llara, Hiung-nu`lar d\u00f6nemine kadar geriye gitmektedir. Hunlar d\u00f6neminde yaz\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin baz\u0131 kay\u0131tlar olmakla birlikte, bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k bilgilere sahip de\u011filiz. Bu y\u00fczden T\u00fcrklerin kulland\u0131klar\u0131 kesin olarak bilinen ilk alfabe G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler d\u00f6neminde yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanan G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk alfabesidir. Son y\u0131llarda Iss\u0131k-G\u00f6l yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki bir kurganda bulunan iki sat\u0131rdan olu\u015fan yaz\u0131, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk alfabesi karaterinde olup, M.\u00d6. V.-IV. y\u00fczy\u0131llara tarihlenmektedir. Bu y\u00fczden de G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklere ba\u011flanan ilk T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131`n\u0131n kurulu\u015fundan y\u00fczy\u0131llarca \u00f6nce bulundu\u011funu kabul etmek gerekmektedir.
\n\u0130lk T\u00fcrk alfabesinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalan en b\u00fcy\u00fck kal\u0131n\u0131t\u0131lar G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler d\u00f6neminde dikilen yaz\u0131tlarda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcp de\u011ferlendirilmeleri ancak XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonunda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. Bunlardan ilk bulunanlar\u0131 Yenisey Irma\u011f\u0131 boyundaki yaz\u0131tlar olmu\u015ftu. 1889\u2032da da Orhon yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 diye an\u0131lan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck yaz\u0131t daha ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6teki yaz\u0131tlardan farkl\u0131 olarak bunlar\u0131n arka y\u00fczlerinde \u00c7ince metinler de vard\u0131. Yani Ankara`daki Augustus Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131`nda oldu\u011fu gibi iki ayr\u0131 dilde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Danimarkal\u0131 T\u00fcrkolog Wilhelm Thomsen, 1893`te bu yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fc\u015f, b\u00f6ylece bunlar\u0131n K\u00fcltigin ve Bilge Ka\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan diktirildikleri, yaz\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrklere \u00f6zg\u00fc bir alfabe, dilin de eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e oldu\u011fu meydana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nAn\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00f6neminden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Orhon alfabesi diye de an\u0131lan G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk alfabesinin k\u00f6kenine gelince, bu konuda \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve iddialar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu alfabede kullan\u0131lan i\u015faretler, Runik diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan eski Iskandinav yaz\u0131s\u0131ndaki i\u015faretlere benzedi\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Runik karakterli say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve o alfabeyle ili\u015fkilli olabilece\u011fi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.Yaz\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zen Thomsen, bu T\u00fcrk alfabesinin Arani alfabesinden t\u00fcremi\u015f olabilece g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc savunmu\u015ftu. Buna kars\u0131n Aristov gibi Rus bilginleri, bu yaz\u0131daki i\u015faretlerin eski T\u00fcrk damgalar\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fine dikkatleri \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. A. Cevat Emre ise, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n S\u00fcmer yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten gedi\u011fini varsaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu de\u011fi\u015fik, hatta \u00e7eli\u015fik savlar arasinda s\u00f6ylenebilecek \u015fey, bilim \u00e7evrelerinde en \u00e7ok Thomsen\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn tutundu\u011fudur.
\nG\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015fan bu ilk T\u00fcrk alfabesi, yaz\u0131tlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yazma eserlerde de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Yazmalar\u0131 diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan eserler bunu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Bu alfabenin G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler`den sonra gelen Uygurlar d\u00f6neminde de bir s\u00fcre kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 759-760 y\u0131llar\u0131nda dikilen \u015eine-Usu yaz\u0131t\u0131 ile son y\u0131llarda bulunan Taryat Yaz\u0131t\u0131 bunu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk alfabesi, baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle Bulgarlar,Hazarlar, Pe\u00e7enekler ve Sekeller taraf\u0131ndan da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece Orta Asya`dan Avrupa i\u00e7lerine kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrklerin siyasal varl\u0131k olarak tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131, Milattan \u00f6nceki y\u00fczy\u0131llara, Hiung-nu`lar d\u00f6nemine kadar geriye gitmektedir. Hunlar d\u00f6neminde yaz\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin baz\u0131 kay\u0131tlar olmakla birlikte, bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k bilgilere sahip de\u011filiz. Bu y\u00fczden T\u00fcrklerin kulland\u0131klar\u0131 kesin olarak bilinen ilk alfabe G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler d\u00f6neminde yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanan G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk alfabesidir. Son y\u0131llarda Iss\u0131k-G\u00f6l yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki bir kurganda bulunan iki …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1405],"tags":[9551,9830],"class_list":["post-4492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-turkce-odevleri","tag-gokturk-alfabesi","tag-ilk-turk-alfabesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4492","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4492"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4492\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}