OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130N\u0130N Y\u00dcKSELME DEVR\u0130 (1453-1579)Y\u00fckselme Devri Padi\u015fahlar\u0131:<\/p>\n
Fatih(II.Mehmet), II.Bayez\u0131t, Yavuz Sultan Selim,Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman, II. Selim, III. Murat
\nFAT\u0130H SULTAN MEHMET D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1451-1481)
\n\u0130STANBUL’UN FETH\u0130 (29 MAYIS 1453):
\n\u0130STANBUL’UN FETH\u0130N\u0130 GEREKT\u0130REN SEBEPLER:
\n1)- Bizans’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehzadelerini koruyarak ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak,
\ntaht kavgalar\u0131na neden olmas\u0131,
\n2)- Bizans’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131’ya kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferlerini te\u015fvik etmesi,
\n3)- Osmanl\u0131 toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozan bir konumda olmas\u0131
\n( Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131yla \u00e7evrili bir ada g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndeydi. Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n
\nAnadolu’dan Rumeli’ye, Rumeli’den Anadolu’ya ge\u00e7i\u015fi zordu)
\n4)- \u0130stanbul’un bo\u011faza hakim bir konumda olmas\u0131 ve bu y\u00fczden
\nKaradeniz Akdeniz su yolunun anahtar\u0131 konumunda olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n
FAT\u0130H’\u0130N FETH\u0130 KOLAYLA\u015eTIRMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N ALDI\u011eI TEDB\u0130RLER:
\n1)- Bizans’a denizden gelebilecek yard\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla Anadolu Hisar\u0131’n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na Rumeli
\nhisar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131rd\u0131.
\n2)- Bizans’a Balkanlardan gelebilecek muhtemel Ha\u00e7l\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131na ak\u0131nc\u0131
\nbirlikleri g\u00f6nderdi.
\n3)- Surlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u015eahi ad\u0131 verilen b\u00fcy\u00fck toplar d\u00f6kt\u00fcrd\u00fc.
\n4)- Hali\u00e7teki zincire kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gemileri karadan y\u00fcr\u00fcterek Hali\u00e7’e soktu.<\/p>\n
\u0130STANBUL’UN FETH\u0130N\u0130 KOLAYLA\u015eTIRAN NEDENLER:
\n1)- Bizans ordu ve donanmas\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f olu\u015fu,
\n2)- Ku\u015fatma s\u0131ras\u0131nda Avrupa’dan yard\u0131m alamamas\u0131.<\/p>\n
NOT: Bizans ku\u015fatma s\u0131ras\u0131nda sadece Venedik ve Cenevizlilerden yard\u0131m alabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
NOT: Cenevizliler ku\u015fatma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ticari kayg\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hem Osmanl\u0131lara, hem de
\nBizans’a yard\u0131m etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
\u0130STANBULUN FETH\u0130N\u0130N D\u00dcNYA TAR\u0130H\u0130 BAKIMINDAN SONU\u00c7LARI:
\n1)- Venedik ve Ceneviz ticareti olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilenmi\u015ftir.
\n2)- Bin y\u0131ll\u0131k Bizans imparatorlu\u011fu tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n3)- Orta\u00e7a\u011f kapanm\u0131\u015f, Yeni\u00e7a\u011f ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n4)- \u0130stanbul’dan ka\u00e7an Bizans’l\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 Avrupa’da R\u00f6nesans ve reform hareketlerinin
\nba\u015flamas\u0131nda etkili olmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\n5)- Feodalite(derebeylik) sistemi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u0130STANBUL’UN FETH\u0130N\u0130N T\u00dcRK TAR\u0130H\u0130 BAKIMINDAN SONU\u00c7LARI:
\n1)- Osmanl\u0131 Devleti Y\u00fckselme d\u00f6nemine girmi\u015ftir.
\n2)- Ba\u015fkent Edirne’den \u0130stanbul’a ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n3)- Osmanl\u0131 toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n Anadolu-Rumeli ge\u00e7i\u015fi kolayla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n4)- Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli sorun \u00e7\u0131karan bir fitne yuvas\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n5)- Karadeniz-Akdeniz deniz ticaret yolunun denetimi Osmanl\u0131lar’a ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\n6)- Osmanl\u0131 Devleti \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda hakl\u0131 bir \u015f\u00f6hret ve itibara kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
FAT\u0130H D\u00d6NEM\u0130 \u00d6NEML\u0130 OLAYLARI<\/p>\n
1)-BALKANLARDA FET\u0130HLER 2)- ANADOLU’DA FET\u0130HLER 3)-DEN\u0130ZLERDE FET\u0130HLER VE SEFERLER<\/p>\n
FAT\u0130H D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDE YAPILAN FET\u0130HLER\u0130N YORUMU:
\n Fatih Sultan Mehmet fetihlerini rastgele de\u011fil, belirli ama\u00e7lar do\u011frultusunda yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7lar\u0131
\n\u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:
\n1)- Karadeniz Ticaretine Egemen Olmak,
\n2)- Anadolu T\u00fcrk Birli\u011fini sa\u011flamak,
\n3)- Anadolu’da Faaliyet G\u00f6steren Devletleri Etkisiz K\u0131lmak,
\n4)- Ege ve Akdeniz Ticaretine Egemen Olmak,
\n5)- Bizans’\u0131n Yeniden Dirilmesini \u00d6nlemek,
\n6)- Katolik Roma’y\u0131 Ele Ge\u00e7irmek.
\n1)-KARADEN\u0130Z T\u0130CARET\u0130NE SAH\u0130P OLMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N YAPILAN FET\u0130HLER:
\n Bosna-Hersek, Eflak-Bo\u011fdan, Cenevizlilerden Amasra’n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, Trabzon Rum \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun fethi
\nve K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131lara ba\u011flanmas\u0131 bu ama\u00e7la yap\u0131lan fetihlerdir.(Bu yerlerin hepsi Karadeniz
\nk\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Karadeniz bir T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir.)
\nKIRIM HANLI\u011eININ OSMANLILARA BA\u011eLANMASI:
\n Hat\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131 gibi Alt\u0131norda Devletinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla kurulan T\u00fcrk Hanl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri de
\nK\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Fatih d\u00f6neminde K\u0131r\u0131m Han\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine o\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda taht kavgalar\u0131
\nba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, K\u0131r\u0131m Halk\u0131 Fatih’ten yard\u0131m istemi\u015ftir. Fatih Gedik Ahmet Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131
\nDonanmas\u0131n\u0131 K\u0131r\u0131m’a g\u00f6ndererek bu hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar’a ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle:
\n1- Karadeniz bir T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir.
\n2- K\u0131r\u0131m Ordusu Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Avrupa’ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seferlerde YARDIMCI KUVVET olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck yararlar
\nsa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n3- Osmanl\u0131 Devleti K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde Orta Asya T\u00fcrkleriyle temas sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n2)- ANADOLU T\u00dcRK B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130 SA\u011eLAMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N NELER YAPMI\u015eTIR?
\n Candaro\u011fullar\u0131ndan Sinop’u alarak bu beyli\u011fe son vermi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Karamano\u011fullar\u0131ndan Konya ve
\nKaraman’\u0131 alarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Anadolu T\u00fcrk birli\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.
\n3)- ANADOLU’DA FAAL\u0130YET G\u00d6STEREN DEVLETLER\u0130 ETK\u0130S\u0130Z KILMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N NELER YAPMI\u015eTIR?
\n IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda 1204 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Trabzon Rum \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131. Do\u011fu
\nAnadolu’da hakimiyet kurmak isteyen AKKOYUNLU devletini 1473’te Otlukbeli Sava\u015f\u0131nda yendi.
\n4)- EGE VE AKDEN\u0130Z T\u0130CARET\u0130NE EGEMEN OLMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N NERELER\u0130 ALDI?
\nVenedikliler’in elinde bulunan Ege adalar\u0131n\u0131 (\u0130mroz, Ta\u015foz, Limni,Bozcaada,Semadirek,Midilli,E\u011friboz)
\nald\u0131. Rodos adas\u0131 ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131,ancak al\u0131namad\u0131.Akdeniz’deki Kefolonya,Zanta ve Ayamavra adalar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.
\nB\u00f6ylece Karadeniz’de faaliyet g\u00f6steren Cenevizlilerden sonra, Akdenizde faaliyet g\u00f6steren Venedik
\nticaretine de b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe vurdu.
\nOSMANLI-VENED\u0130K DEN\u0130Z SAVA\u015eLARI
\n Sebepleri: Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n; \u0130stanbul’u fethetmeleri, Karadeniz ve Ege ticaretini denetimleri alt\u0131na
\nalmalar\u0131n\u0131n Venedik ticaretine darbe vurmas\u0131.
\nSonu\u00e7 : Venedik donanmas\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Venedikliler’e
\nkar\u015fi bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Fatih olas\u0131 bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ittifak\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla 1479’da Venedikliler’e ticari
\nayr\u0131cal\u0131klar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
NOT: Osmanl\u0131 Devletinden ilk EL\u00c7\u0130 bulundurma hakk\u0131n\u0131 ve ilk ticari ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 elde eden devlet Venedik’dir.<\/p>\n
5)- FAT\u0130H’\u0130N HIRISTIYANLIK M\u00dcCADELES\u0130 NASILDI?
\n H\u0131r\u0131stiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n iki merkezi vard\u0131. Biri KATOL\u0130KL\u0130\u011e\u0130N merkezi ROMA(VAT\u0130KAN), di\u011feri de ORTODOKSLU\u011eUN
\nmerkezi \u0130stanbul(FENER) idi.
\n Fatih \u0130stanbul’u alarak, buradaki Ortodoks cemaati dini inan\u00e7 ve ibadetinde serbest b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f ve t\u00fcm
\nOrtodoks H\u0131r\u0131stiyanlar\u0131n koruyuculu\u011funu \u00fcslenmi\u015f, b\u00f6ylece h\u0131r\u0131stiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki MEZHEP B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130
\nengellemi\u015ftir. (\u0130stanbul’un Fethinden \u00f6nce Katolik ve Ortodoks mezhepleri birle\u015fmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.)
\nFatih Katoliklerin merkezi Vatikan’\u0131 da(Roma) ele ge\u00e7irmek istiyordu. Bu y\u00fczden GED\u0130K AHMET PA\u015eA
\nkomutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 \u0130talya’n\u0131n g\u00fcneyine \u00e7\u0131karma yapm\u0131\u015f ve buradaki OTRANTO kalesini ele
\nge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Ancak Fatih’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130talya Seferinin yar\u0131da kalmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.
\n6)- B\u0130ZANS’IN YEN\u0130DEN D\u0130R\u0130LT\u0130LMES\u0130N\u0130 \u00d6NLEMEK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N NELER YAPTI?
\n Bizans hanedan \u00fcyelerinin ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 Trabzon Rum imparatorlu\u011funa son verdi,yine Bizans hanedan \u00fcyelerinin
\nka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 MORA Yar\u0131madas\u0131’n\u0131 fethetti.<\/p>\n
II. BAYEZIT D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1482-1512)
\n\u00d6NEML\u0130 OLAYLAR:
\n1)- Cem Sultan Olay\u0131
\n2)- Osmanl\u0131-Venedik \u0130li\u015fkileri
\n3)- Osmanl\u0131-\u0130ran \u0130li\u015fkileri ve \u015eah Kulu \u0130syan\u0131
\n4)- Osmanl\u0131-Meml\u00fck \u0130li\u015fkileri
\n5)- Anadolu’da T\u00fcrk Birli\u011fini Sa\u011flama \u00c7abalar\u0131.<\/p>\n
1)- CEM SULTAN OLAYI:
\n Fatih’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle o\u011fullar\u0131 II. Bayez\u0131t ve Cem Sultan aras\u0131nda taht kavgas\u0131
\nba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, Cem Sultan Bayez\u0131t’a yenilmi\u015f ve M\u0131s\u0131r’daki Meml\u00fck Devletine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre sonra
\nyeniden Anadolu’ya gelen Cem Sultan tekrar taht m\u00fccadelesine giri\u015fmi\u015f, ancak yine ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olarak,
\nbu defa da Rodos adas\u0131na ka\u00e7arak, buradaki SA\u0130NT JEAN \u015e\u00d6VALYELER\u0130NE s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015e\u00f6valyeler Cem’i
\nPapaya teslim etmi\u015fler, daha sonra Fransa’ya g\u00f6nderilen Cem burada \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nII. BAYEZIT D\u00d6NEM\u0130N\u0130N \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130:
\nCem Sultan’\u0131n H\u0131r\u0131stiyan Avrupa’n\u0131n elinde olmas\u0131, II. Bayez\u0131t d\u00f6neminde Avrupa’ya kar\u015f\u0131
\nOsmanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir sefer geli\u015ftirmesini \u00f6nlemi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden II. Bayez\u0131t D\u00f6nemi s\u00f6n\u00fck bir
\ndevir olmu\u015ftur.
\nCEM OLAYININ OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130NE ETK\u0130LER\u0130:
\n1)- Cem’in h\u0131r\u0131stiyanlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesi, bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlerin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin i\u00e7 i\u015flerine
\nkar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.
\n2)- Osmanl\u0131lar’\u0131n bat\u0131daki fetihlerinin durmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.
\n3)- Cem Sultan’\u0131n Meml\u00fckler’e s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde bu devlet taraf\u0131ndan padi\u015fah gibi kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131p,
\nhimaye g\u00f6rmesi, Osmanl\u0131-Meml\u00fck ili\u015fkilerinin daha da bozulmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.
\n2)- OSMANLI-VENED\u0130K \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130:
\n Bu d\u00f6nemde de Venedikliler’le deniz sava\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Osmanl\u0131lar yenilmi\u015ftir.
\n3)- OSMANLI-\u0130RAN \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130:
\n \u0130ran’da Akkoyunlu Devleti’nin yerine SAFEV\u0130 DEVLET\u0130 kurulmu\u015ftu. Safeviler:
\na)- Do\u011fu Anadolu’yu ele ge\u00e7irmek istiyorlard\u0131.
\nb)- Anadolu’ya g\u00f6nderdikleri dervi\u015flerle \u015eii mezhebini Anadolu’da yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.
\n Safevilerin bu faaliyetleri sonucu 1511 y\u0131l\u0131nda Anadolu’da \u015eAH KULU \u0130SYANI \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. O s\u0131rada Trabzon
\nvalisi olan \u015eehzade SEL\u0130M (Yavuz), babas\u0131 II. Bayez\u0131t’\u0131n Safevi ve \u015fii tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131 yeterli \u00f6nlem
\nalmamas\u0131 \u00fczerine Yeni\u00e7erilerin deste\u011fiyle babas\u0131n\u0131 tahttan indirerek padi\u015fah oldu.
\n4)- II. BAYEZIT D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDE OSMANLI MEML\u00dcK \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130:
\n Osmanl\u0131 Meml\u00fck ili\u015fkilerinin bozulma sebepleri:
\na)- Fatih D\u00f6neminde Hicaz su yollar\u0131 meselesi. (Fatih Meml\u00fck Sultan\u0131na Mekke yolunda gerekli
\n\u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131narak hac\u0131lar\u0131n rahat\u00e7a seyahat etmelerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 rica etmi\u015fti. Ancak
\nMeml\u00fckler bu iste\u011fi i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fma \u015feklinde yorumlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.)
\nb)- Meml\u00fckler’in Cem Sultan’\u0131 himaye etmeleri,
\nc)- Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Meml\u00fck Devleti aras\u0131nda yeralan G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu’daki Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131
\nBeyli\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden iki devletin \u00e7eki\u015fmesi.
\nSONU\u00c7: Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Meml\u00fckler aras\u0131nda 8 y\u0131l s\u00fcren sava\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131. Bu sava\u015f s\u00fcresince iki
\ntaraf birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flayamad\u0131lar.
\n5)- KARAMANO\u011eULLARI BEYL\u0130\u011e\u0130NE SON VER\u0130LMES\u0130:
\n II. Bayez\u0131t d\u00f6neminde Cem olay\u0131na kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu beylik kesin olarak ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
YAVUZ SULTAN SELiM D\u00d6NEM\u0130(1512-1520)<\/p>\n
Babas\u0131 II. Bayez\u0131t’\u0131n do\u011fudaki Safevi tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem almamas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Yavuz Sultan Selim
\nyeni\u00e7erilerin deste\u011fiyle babas\u0131n\u0131 tahttan indirerek padi\u015fah oldu.<\/p>\n
NOT: Bu olay Yeni\u00e7erilerin bir \u015fehzadenin tahta ge\u00e7mesinde do\u011frudan rol oynad\u0131klar\u0131 ilk geli\u015fmedir.
\nYAVUZ D\u00d6NEM\u0130N\u0130N \u00d6NEML\u0130 OLAYLARI:
\n1)- \u015eehzadeler Sorunu
\n2)- \u0130ran Seferi ve \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131(1514)
\n3)- Turnada\u011f sava\u015f\u0131(1515)
\n4)- M\u0131s\u0131r Seferi(Meml\u00fck Seferi)
\n1)- \u015eEHZADELER SORUNU:
\n Yavuz Sultan Selim babas\u0131n\u0131n yerine tahta ge\u00e7tikten sonra, a\u011fabeyleri Ahmet ve Korkut’un taht\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmelerini engellemek amac\u0131yla Fatih Kanunnamesine dayanarak \u015fehzadeleri etkisiz hale getirdi.<\/p>\n
NOT: B\u00f6ylece Yavuz, Cem olay\u0131na benzer bir olay\u0131n ya\u015fanmas\u0131 ve Avrupan\u0131n i\u015fe kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
2)- \u0130RAN SEFER\u0130 VE \u00c7ALDIRAN SAVA\u015eI(1514)
\n Sebep: Safevilerin Do\u011fu Anadolu’yu ele ge\u00e7irmek istemeleri ve \u015eiilik propagandas\u0131 yapmalar\u0131.
\n Sava\u015f: 1514 y\u0131l\u0131nda Safevi Devleti h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u015eAH \u0130SMA\u0130L ile Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 YAVUZ aras\u0131nda \u00c7ALDIRAN
\novas\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131. Sava\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar kazand\u0131.
\n \u00d6nemi: Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu’da \u015fiilik tehlikesi ortadan kalkt\u0131.
\n3)- TURNADA\u011e SAVA\u015eI(1515)
\nBu sava\u015fla Anadolu Beyliklerinin(Dulkadir ve Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131) siyasi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin olarak sona erdi.
\nB\u00f6ylece Anadolu T\u00fcrk Birli\u011fi sa\u011fland\u0131.
\n4)- MISIR SEFER\u0130(MEML\u00dcK SEFER\u0130)
\nSebepleri:
\na)- Fatih d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan Hicaz su yollar\u0131 meselesi
\nb)- Meml\u00fcklerin Cem Sultan’\u0131 himaye etmeleri
\nc)- Osmanl\u0131lar ile Meml\u00fckler aras\u0131nda Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7eki\u015fme.
\nd)- Meml\u00fcklerin \u015eah \u0130smail ile ittifak kurmalar\u0131.
\ne)- Yavuz’un Meml\u00fck topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek BAHARAT yolunu denetim alt\u0131na almak istemesi.
\nf)- Her iki devletinde T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n lideri olma m\u00fccadelesi.
\n Sava\u015flar: Yavuz Sultan Selim 1516′ da MERC\u0130DABIK Sava\u015f\u0131nda Meml\u00fck ordusunu yenerek Suriye ve
\nFilistin topraklar\u0131na sahip oldu.1517’de R\u0130DAN\u0130YE Sava\u015f\u0131nda Meml\u00fck ordusunu ikinci kez
\nyenerek, bu devleti ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131.M\u0131s\u0131r topraklar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lara kat\u0131ld\u0131.
\nMISIR SEFER\u0130N\u0130N SONU\u00c7LARI:
\n1)- Meml\u00fck Devletinin ortadan kalkmas\u0131yla bu devletin topraklar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lara kat\u0131ld\u0131.( Suriye,
\nFilistin, Hicaz,M\u0131s\u0131r)
\n2)- Baharat yolunun denetimi Osmanl\u0131 Devletine ge\u00e7ti.
\n3)- Halifelik ve \u0130slam’\u0131n kutsal emanetleri Osmanl\u0131lara ge\u00e7ti. (B\u00f6ylece Osmanl\u0131 Devleti \u0130slam
\nD\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n Lideri oldu.)
\n4)- Venedikliler K\u0131br\u0131s Adas\u0131 i\u00e7in Meml\u00fcklere verdikleri vergiyi Osmanl\u0131lara vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
NOT: Osmanl\u0131 Devleti Baharat yolundan beklenen ticari kazanc\u0131 elde edemedi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00dcmit
\nBurnu’nu bulmalar\u0131yla Co\u011frafi yollar de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
NOT: Yavuz’un \u0130ran ve M\u0131s\u0131r seferleri sonucunda burada bulunan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel eserler ile bilim adamlar\u0131 ve
\nsanat\u00e7\u0131lar \u0130stanbul’a getirilmi\u015f, b\u00f6ylece Osmanl\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde do\u011funun etkisi artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
YAVUZ SULTAN SEL\u0130M’\u0130N DO\u011eU S\u0130YASET\u0130:
\nYavuz Sultan Selim’in amac\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkleri ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 tek bayrak alt\u0131na toplayarak T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam
\nbirli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131.
\nKANUN\u0130 SULTAN S\u00dcLEYMAN D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1520-1566)
\nYavuz Sultan Selim’in \u015eark \u00c7\u0131ban\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6lmesi \u00fczerine o\u011flu I. S\u00fcleyman
\nherhangi bir tahtkavgas\u0131na girmeden padi\u015fah olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Yavuz’un
\nhayattaki tek o\u011fluydu.<\/p>\n
D\u00d6NEM\u0130N OLAYLARI VE \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130
\nA)- \u0130\u00c7 \u0130SYANLAR:
\n1)- CANBERD\u0130 GAZAL\u0130 \u0130SYANI: Yavuz taraf\u0131ndan Suriye Valili\u011fine atanan eski Meml\u00fck komutanlar\u0131ndan
\nCanberdi Gazali, Yavuz’un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc f\u0131rsat bilerek ayaklanm\u0131\u015f ve ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n2)- AHMET PA\u015eA \u0130SYANI: Kanuni taraf\u0131ndan M\u0131s\u0131r’a vali olarak g\u00f6nderilen Ahmet Pa\u015fa ayaklanm\u0131\u015f ve
\nortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nNOT: Bu iki isyan Meml\u00fck Devletini yeniden kurmak amac\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n3)- BABA Z\u00dcNNUN \u0130SYANI: Yozgat’da arazi meselesinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6sterilen bir \u015eii ayaklanmas\u0131d\u0131r
\n. 4)- KALENDERO\u011eLU \u0130SYANI: Konya’da Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f-\u0131 Veli soyundan geldi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcren Kalendero\u011flu
\ntaraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fii ayaklanmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nB)- AVRUPA \u0130LE \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER (MACAR,AVUSTURYA,ALMANYA)
\n1)- BELGRAT’IN ALINMASI(1521): Macarlar’dan Belgrat’\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131yla Orta Avrupa’n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131
\nOsmanl\u0131lar’a a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.
\n2)- RODOS ADASININ FETH\u0130(1522): Rodos Sain Jean \u015e\u00f6valyelerinin elinde buluyordu. \u015e\u00f6valyeler
\nAkdeniz’deki T\u00fcrk ticaret gemilerine b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar veriyorlard\u0131. Bu adan\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131yla bu tehdit
\nortadan kalkt\u0131.
\n3)- MOHA\u00c7 MEYDAN SAVA\u015eI(1526):
\nA\u00c7IKLAMA: Bu s\u0131rada Avrupa’da Kutsal Roma Germen \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu(Alman \u0130mp.) ve ba\u015f\u0131nda da \u015eARLKEN
\nbulunmaktayd\u0131. \u015earlken Avrupa birli\u011fini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla \u0130spanya’y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f,
\nFransa Kral\u0131 Fransuva’y\u0131 esir alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fransuva’n\u0131n annesinin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine, Kanuni
\nFransa’ya destek olmak i\u00e7in II. Macaristan seferine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve Macarlar\u0131 Moha\u00e7 ovas\u0131nda
\nyendi.
\nMoha\u00e7 Meydan Sava\u015f\u0131: Macar ordusuyla yap\u0131lan sava\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti kazand\u0131. (1526)
\n\u00d6nemi: Bu zaferle Macaristan Osmanl\u0131 devletine ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
NOT: Kanuni Macaristan’\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na katmam\u0131\u015f, himaye alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun nedeni Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n
\nKutsal Roma Germen \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aras\u0131nda bir tampon b\u00f6lge olu\u015fturmak istemesidir.<\/p>\n
4)- I. V\u0130YANA KU\u015eATMASI(1529):
\n Bu s\u0131rada Avusturya’n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u015earlken’in karde\u015fi FERD\u0130NAND bulunmaktayd\u0131. Ferdinand Osmanl\u0131
\nhimayesindeki Macaristan’a sald\u0131r\u0131nca Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman harekete ge\u00e7erek Viyana’y\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131.
\nAncak;
\na)- K\u0131\u015f mevsiminin yakla\u015fmas\u0131,
\nb)- A\u011f\u0131r toplar\u0131n getirilmeyi\u015fi,
\nc)- Erza\u011f\u0131n yetersiz olu\u015fu… gibi sebeplerle ku\u015fatmay\u0131 kald\u0131rarak \u0130stanbul’a geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.
\n5)- ALMANYA SEFER\u0130(1532)
\nSebebi: Avusturya Kral\u0131 Ferdinand’\u0131n Kanuni’nin \u0130stanbul’a geri d\u00f6nmesinden sonra tekrar
\nMacaristan’a sald\u0131rmas\u0131.
\nSefer: Kanuni Ferdinand ve \u015earlkenle bir meydan sava\u015f\u0131 yapmak umuduyla Almanya i\u00e7lerine kadar
\nilerledi. Ancak \u015earlken ve Ferdinand kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma cesareti g\u00f6steremeyince \u0130stanbul’a
\nd\u00f6nd\u00fc.
\n\u0130STANBUL ANTLA\u015eMASI(1533):
\n Ferdinand’\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f iste\u011fi \u00fczerine \u0130LK Osmanl\u0131-Avusturya Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u0130stanbul’da imzaland\u0131(1533).
\nMaddeleri:
\n1- Avusturya kral\u0131 protokol bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 sadrazam\u0131na denk olacak.
\n2- Avusturya elinde tuttu\u011fu Macar topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131lar’a vergi verecek.
\n\u00d6nemi: Bu antla\u015fma Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Orta Avrupa’daki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
NOT: Bu \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck 1606 y\u0131l\u0131nda yine Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ve Avusturya arasunda imzalanacak olan Z\u0130TVATOROK
\nantla\u015fmas\u0131yla sona erecektir.<\/p>\n
6)- OSMANLI-FRANSIZ \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130 VE KAP\u0130T\u00dcLASYONLAR (1535)
\n \u0130lk Osmanl\u0131-Frans\u0131z ili\u015fkisi Fransa kral\u0131 I. Fransuva’n\u0131n Almanya \u0130mparatoru (Kutsal Roma Germen)
\n\u015earlken ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015fta esir d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Fransuva’n\u0131n annesi d\u00f6nemin
\nen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devleti Osmanl\u0131 Devletinden yard\u0131m istemi\u015fti(1525). Bunun \u00fczerine Kanuni Macaristan
\nseferine \u00e7\u0131karak Moha\u00e7’da Macarlar\u0131 yenmi\u015f, sonrada Avusturya ve Almanya seferlerine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n Kapit\u00fclasyonlar: Ticaret,hukuk, g\u00fcmr\u00fck gibi alanlarda devletlerin birbirlerine tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131
\nimtiyazlard\u0131r.
\n Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman 1535’de Frans\u0131zlar’la KAP\u0130T\u00dcLASYON antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nKAP\u0130T\u00dcLASYONLARLA \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 \u00d6NEML\u0130 NOTLAR:
\n1)- \u0130lk ticari ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar Fatih d\u00f6neminde Venediklilere verilmi\u015ftir.
\n2)- Kanuni’nin Frans\u0131zlarla kapit\u00fclasyon antla\u015fmas\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, \u015earlken’e kar\u015f\u0131 Fransa’y\u0131
\ng\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u0131larak, Avrupa h\u0131r\u0131stiyan birli\u011finin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemekti.
\n3)- Bu antla\u015fma s\u00fcresiz de\u011fildi. \u0130ki h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ge\u00e7erli olacakt\u0131. Ancak
\nKanuni’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Frans\u0131zlar’\u0131n iste\u011fiyle 5 kez yenilenmi\u015f ve I. Mahmut d\u00f6neminde
\n1740’da s\u00fcrekli hale getirilmi\u015ftir.
\n4)- Devletin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc korudu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde \u00f6nemli bir sorun yaratmayan kapit\u00fclasyonlar, devletin
\ng\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131na paralel olarak ve Avrupa’da sanayinin geli\u015fmesiyle \u00f6nemli bir sorun
\nolmu\u015ftur.
\n5)- Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta sadece Frans\u0131zlar’a verilen bu haklar geni\u015fletilerek, di\u011fer Avrupa devletlerine
\nde verilmi\u015ftir.
\n6)- 1923 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131yla Kapit\u00fclasyonlar tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nC)- DEN\u0130ZLERDE GEL\u0130\u015eMELER:
\n1)- RODOS ADASININ FETH\u0130(1522): Rodos Sain Jean \u015e\u00f6valyelerinin elinde buluyordu. \u015e\u00f6valyeler
\nAkdeniz’deki T\u00fcrk ticaret gemilerine b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar veriyorlard\u0131. Bu adan\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131yla bu tehdit
\nortadan kalkt\u0131.
\n2)- BARBAROS HAYRETT\u0130N PA\u015eA’NIN OSMANLI H\u0130ZMET\u0130NE G\u0130RMES\u0130 :Barbaros Akdeniz’de faaliyet g\u00f6steren bir T\u00fcrk korsan\u0131 idi. Kuzey Afrika’da ba\u015far\u0131lar kazanm\u0131\u015f
\nve Osmanl\u0131lardan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 destek kuvvetlerle CEZAY\u0130R’e sahip olmu\u015ftu. Osmanl\u0131 Donanmas\u0131, kara ordusu
\nkadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc de\u011fildi. Bu y\u00fczden Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman Barbaros’u OsmanSultan S\u00fcleyman Barbaros’u Osmanpan>
\nBarbaros’un bu teklifi kabul etmesiyle Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lenirken, Cezayir de Osmanl\u0131
\ntopraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.
\n3)- PREVEZE DEN\u0130Z SAVA\u015eI(1538):Barbaros Hayrettin Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131yla, Andrea Dorya komutas\u0131ndaki Ha\u00e7l\u0131
\ndonanmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bu deniz sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti kazand\u0131.
\n\u00d6nemi: Preveze deniz zaferiyle Akdenizdeki Osmanl\u0131 Egemenli\u011fi kesinlik kazanm\u0131\u015f, Akdeniz bir T\u00fcrk
\ng\u00f6l\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir.
\n4)- N\u0130CE(N\u0130S) KU\u015eATMASI: Bu arada Fransa ile \u015earlken aras\u0131nda sava\u015flar devam ediyordu. Barbaros
\nFransa’ya yard\u0131m amac\u0131yla Frans\u0131z donanmas\u0131yla birle\u015ferek Nis’i ku\u015fatt\u0131 ve kaleyi ele ge\u00e7irdi.
\n5)- TRABLUSGARP’IN ALINMASI(1551): Sinan Pa\u015fa ve Turgut Reis 1551 y\u0131l\u0131nda Malta \u015e\u00f6valyelerinin elindeki
\nTrablusgarp’\u0131 ald\u0131.
\n6)- CERBE DEN\u0130Z SAVA\u015eI (1559): Andrea Dorya komutas\u0131ndaki Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Donanmas\u0131 ile Turgut Reis ve Piyale
\nPa\u015fa’n\u0131n komutalar\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetleri aras\u0131ndaki bu deniz sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar kazand\u0131.
\n\u00d6nemi: Bu zaferle Akdenizdeki Osmanl\u0131 Egemenli\u011fi peki\u015fti.
\n7)- H\u0130NT DEN\u0130Z SEFERLER\u0130 (1538-1553)
\nSebepleri:
\na)- Co\u011frafi ke\u015fifler sonucu baharat yolu \u00f6nemini yitirmi\u015f, Avrupal\u0131lar \u00dcmit Burnu yoluyla ticaret
\nyapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Portekizliler Hint Okyanusu’nda egemenlik kurmu\u015flard\u0131.
\nb)-Hindistandaki G\u00dcCERAT \u0130SLAM DEVLET\u0130’nin Portekizliler’e kar\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lardan yard\u0131m istemesi.
\nSeferler: Osmanl\u0131 Devleti 1538-1553 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bu b\u00f6lgeye seferler d\u00fczenledi.
\nPortekizlilerle sava\u015ft\u0131. Ancak kesin bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flayamad\u0131. Yemen, Aden, Sudan ve
\nHabe\u015fistan’\u0131n baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 bu seferler s\u0131ras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131.
\nHint Seferlerinin Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z Olma Sebepleri:
\na)- Osmanl\u0131 Devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n hint yoluna gereken \u00f6nemi vermemeleri,
\nb)- Osmanl\u0131 gemilerinin Okyanus \u015fartlar\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmamas\u0131,
\nc)- G\u00fccerat Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne gereken yard\u0131m\u0131 yapmamas\u0131.<\/p>\n
NOT: Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n halife olarak ilk yard\u0131m ettikleri m\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclke G\u00fccerat’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D)- OSMANLI-\u0130RAN (SAFEV\u0130) \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130(1534-1555)
\n Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman D\u00f6neminde \u0130ran \u00fczerine 1534-1555 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 sefer yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u0130ran
\n\u015eah\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f istemesi \u00fczerine sava\u015flar sona ermi\u015ftir. Sonu\u00e7ta \u0130ki Devlet aras\u0131nda AMASYA ANTLA\u015eMASI
\nimzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r(1555).
\nAMASYA ANTLA\u015eMASI(1555):
\n Bu antla\u015fmayla Tebriz, Azerbeycan’\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131, Do\u011fu Anadolu ve Irak Osmanl\u0131lar’a b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
NOT: Amasya Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ilk Osmanl\u0131-\u0130ran Antla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
KANUN\u0130’N\u0130N SON SEFER\u0130 VE \u00d6L\u00dcM\u00dc: Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman Zigetvar seferini d\u00fczenlemi\u015f ve Zigetvar
\nkalesini ku\u015fatma s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. (1566).<\/p>\n
II.SEL\u0130M D\u00d6NEM\u0130N\u0130N S\u0130YAS\u0130 OLAYLARI (1566-1574)
\nSOKULLU MEHMET PA\u015eA :
\n A\u00c7IKLAMA: Kanuni’nin son iki y\u0131l\u0131nda sadrazam olan Sokollu Mehmet Pa\u015fa, bu g\u00f6revine II.Selim ve III.
\nMurat zamanlar\u0131nda da devam etti\u011finden, 1564-1579 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6neme “Sokullu Mehmet Pa\u015fa Devri”
\ndenir. Sokollu’nun 1579’da \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Y\u00fckselme Devri sona ermi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.
\n1)- SAKIZ ADASININ FETH\u0130(1566): Bat\u0131 Anadolu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan bu ada Cenevizlilerin elinde bulunuyordu.
\nKaptan-\u0131 Derya Piyale Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki donanma 1566 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sak\u0131z Adas\u0131n\u0131 fethetti.
\n\u00d6nemi: Bat\u0131 anadolu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011fland\u0131 ve Cenevizli korsanlara darbe indirilmi\u015f oldu.
\n2)- KIBRIS’IN FETH\u0130(1571):
\n Sebebi: Venediklilerin elinde bulunan bu ada M\u0131s\u0131r-Suriye-Anadolu deniz yolu \u00fczerine bulunuyordu.
\nOsmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Do\u011fu Akdeniz’e tam hakim olabilmeleri ve N\u0131s\u0131r-Suriye deniz yolunu g\u00fcven alt\u0131na
\nalmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu aday\u0131 fethetmeleri gerekiyordu.
\nFetih: Piyale Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 ve vezir Lala Mustafa pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131
\nOrdusu 1570’de adaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 1571’de K\u0131br\u0131s fethedildi.
\n\u00d6nemi: K\u0131br\u0131s’\u0131n fethiyle; Suriye-M\u0131s\u0131r-Anadolu deniz yolu g\u00fcvenlik alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fu
\nAkdeniz deniz ticaret yolunun tam olarak kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flad\u0131lar.
\n3)- \u0130NEBAHTI DEN\u0130Z SAVA\u015eI(1571):
\n Sebep: Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n K\u0131br\u0131s’\u0131 almalar\u0131 \u00fczerine Avrupa Devletlerinin bir ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131 haz\u0131rlayarak
\nharekete ge\u00e7meleri.
\n Sava\u015f: Don Juan komutas\u0131ndaki ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131 ile Kaptan-Derya M\u00fcezzinzade Ali Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131nda
\nOsmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130nebaht\u0131 K\u00f6rfezinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen deniz sava\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lar a\u011f\u0131r
\nbir yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131. Sadece Ulu\u00e7 Ali Pa\u015fa(K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali Pa\u015fa) komutas\u0131ndaki gemiler \u0130stanbul’a
\ngeri d\u00f6nebildi.
\n \u00d6nemi: Osmanl\u0131 Devleti bu a\u011f\u0131r yenilgiye ra\u011fmen k\u0131sa zamanda yeni bir donanma olu\u015fturarak, Akdeniz’e
\na\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Yeniden Akdenizde \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdi.
\n4)- TUNUS’UN FETH\u0130(1574):
\n Kaptan-\u0131 Derya K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki kuvvetler 1574’de \u0130spanyollar\u0131n
\nelindeki Tunus’u fethettiler.
\n5)-DON-VOLGA KANALI PROJES\u0130:
\n Sokollu Mehmet Pa\u015fa Karadeniz’e d\u00f6k\u00fclen Don nehri ile Hazar denizine
\nd\u00f6k\u00fclen Volga nehirleri aras\u0131nda bir kanal a\u00e7arak iki denizi birle\u015ftirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc.
\nB\u00f6ylelikle:
\n1)- Ruslar’\u0131n Karadeniz’e girmeleri engellenecek,
\n2)- \u0130ran kuzeyden de kontrol edilecek,
\n3)- Orta asya T\u00fcrklerine eri\u015filebilecekti.
\nSONU\u00c7: Kanal\u0131n ancak \u00fc\u00e7te biri kaz\u0131labildi. Ruslar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, K\u0131r\u0131m han\u0131n\u0131n isteksiz kalmas\u0131
\ngibi nedenlerle proje ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemedi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130N\u0130N Y\u00dcKSELME DEVR\u0130 (1453-1579)Y\u00fckselme Devri Padi\u015fahlar\u0131: Fatih(II.Mehmet), II.Bayez\u0131t, Yavuz Sultan Selim,Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman, II. Selim, III. Murat FAT\u0130H SULTAN MEHMET D\u00d6NEM\u0130 (1451-1481) \u0130STANBUL’UN FETH\u0130 (29 MAYIS 1453): \u0130STANBUL’UN FETH\u0130N\u0130 GEREKT\u0130REN SEBEPLER: 1)- Bizans’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehzadelerini koruyarak ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak, taht kavgalar\u0131na neden olmas\u0131, 2)- Bizans’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131’ya kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferlerini te\u015fvik etmesi, 3)- Osmanl\u0131 toprak …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1620,1625,1621,1624,1615,1617,1618,1619,1503,1626,1622,1614,1486,1616,1623],"class_list":["post-451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-bizans","tag-cem-sultan-olayi","tag-cenevizlile","tag-ege-adalari","tag-fatih-sultan-mehmet","tag-ii-selim","tag-iii-murat","tag-istanbulun-fethini-gerektiren-sebepler","tag-kanuni-sultan-suleyman","tag-mohac-meydan-savasi","tag-ortacag","tag-osmanli-devletinin-yukselme-devri","tag-sokullu-mehmet-pasa","tag-yavuz-sultan-selim","tag-yenicag"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=451"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/451\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}