Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Kurulu\u015fu <\/p>\n
\u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131ndan faydalanan Osman Bey, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket ederek Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni kurmu\u015ftur (1299).
\n Osman Gazi\u2019nin, Ahi \u015feyhlerinden Edebali\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131yla evlenmesi Anadolu halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabullenilmesini ve desteklenmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin K\u0131sa S\u00fcrede Geli\u015fmesini Sa\u011flayan Etkenler<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede geli\u015fmesinde;
\n\u2022 Anadolu\u2019da ve Balkanlarda siyasal birli\u011fin bulunmamas\u0131
\n\u2022 Merkeziyet\u00e7i bir devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimsenerek hakimiyetin tek elde toplanmas\u0131
\n\u2022 Devletin Bizans s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda kurulmas\u0131, ticaret ve g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunmas\u0131
\n\u2022 Do\u011fudan gelen yo\u011fun T\u00fcrkmen g\u00f6\u00e7leriyle n\u00fcfus \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve asker ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131
\n\u2022 D\u00fczenli ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ordular\u0131n kurulmas\u0131
\ngibi fakt\u00f6rler etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Balkanlardaki Geli\u015fmeler T\u00fcrklerin Rumeli\u2019ye Ge\u00e7i\u015fi<\/p>\n
Bizans \u0130mparatoru, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131mlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne Gelibolu\u2019daki \u00c7impe Kalesi\u2019ni verdi. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrkler Rumeli\u2019de toprak sahibi olmu\u015flar ve Balkan fetihlerinde bu kaleyi \u00fcs olarak kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Rumeli\u2019de Uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130skan Siyaseti<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Balkanlarda takip ettikleri iskan politikas\u0131n\u0131n temel amac\u0131; yeni fethedilen topraklara Anadolu\u2019dan getirilecek T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 yerle\u015ftirmek, bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle konar-g\u00f6\u00e7erleri tercih etmek ve fethedilen yerdeki yerli halktan ayaklanma \u00e7\u0131karma ihtimali bulunanlar\u0131 ba\u015fka yerlere g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirmekti.
\nAnadolu\u2019dan Rumeli\u2019ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen halk, b\u00fcy\u00fck yollar \u00fczerinde bulunan ve askeri y\u00f6nden \u00f6nemli \u015fehir ve kasabalara yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130skan politikas\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda;
\n\u2022 Balkanlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi ve b\u00f6lgede T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yerle\u015fmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Geride d\u00fc\u015fman kuvveti b\u0131rak\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Rumeli\u2019de g\u00fcvenle ilerlemesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Anadolu\u2019daki yurtsuz T\u00fcrkmenlere yeni yurtlar bulunmu\u015ftur.
\nOsmanl\u0131lar Balkanlarda ele ge\u00e7irdikleri yerlerde halka ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc ve adaletli davranm\u0131\u015flar, halk\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131na, geleneklerine, dillerine ve kutsal sayd\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011ferlere dokunmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin bu \u015fekilde davranmas\u0131 Balkanlara yerle\u015fmesini ve ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi topraklarda tutunmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Balkanlarda Geni\u015flemesi ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019nin Ba\u015flamas\u0131<\/p>\n
XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren T\u00fcrklerin Balkanlara yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00fczerine Balkan uluslar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ferek Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019yle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flara Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Sava\u015flar\u0131 denilmi\u015ftir. XIV. ve XV. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferlerinin d\u00fczenlenmesinde;
\n\u2022 T\u00fcrklerin Balkan topraklar\u0131ndan at\u0131lmak istenmesi
\n\u2022 Papa\u2019n\u0131n Hristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkler \u00fczerine k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131
\n\u2022 T\u00fcrkler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Hristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan yard\u0131m istemesi
\ngibi nedenler etkili olmu\u015ftur.
\n Osmanl\u0131larla yap\u0131lan Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Sava\u015flar\u0131na Macarlar, S\u0131rplar, Bulgarlar, Eflakl\u0131lar, Bosnal\u0131lar gibi uluslar kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk Siyasal Birli\u011fini Sa\u011flamas\u0131<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Orhan Bey d\u00f6neminde Karesi Beyli\u011fi\u2019ni, I. Murat d\u00f6neminde Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7eyiz yoluyla Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, Hamito\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019nden sat\u0131n alma yoluyla toprak kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131 ve Hamito\u011fullar\u0131ndan sava\u015f yapmadan toprak alan I. Murat d\u00f6neminde Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi\u2019yle sava\u015flar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Anadolu\u2019da siyasal birli\u011fi sa\u011flayan as\u0131l faaliyetler Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAnadolu beyliklerinin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla;
\n\u2022 Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk siyasal birli\u011fi kurulmu\u015ftur.
\n\u2022 Marmara, Ege, Akdeniz ve Karadeniz sahillerinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015f, Osmanl\u0131 denizcili\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015ftir. Adalar Denizi\u2019ndeki gaza faaliyetlerini Osmanl\u0131lar \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131 (1402)<\/p>\n
Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda;
\n\u2022 Topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden Anadolu beylerinin Timur\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131
\nY\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019in Timur\u2019dan ka\u00e7an Ba\u011fdat ve Karakoyunlu h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131 himaye etmesi
\n\u00c7in \u00fczerine sefere \u00e7\u0131kmaya haz\u0131rlanan Timur\u2019un arkas\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kalmas\u0131n\u0131 istememesi
\n\u2022 Do\u011fu – Bat\u0131 ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek isteyen Timur\u2019un Anadolu\u2019ya girerek Erzincan ve Sivas\u2019ta katliam yapmas\u0131
\ngibi nedenler etkili olmu\u015ftur.
\n1402 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sava\u015f\u0131 Timur kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/p>\n
\u2022 Sava\u015f\u0131 kazanan Timur, Anadolu beyliklerinin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar eski sahiplerine geri vermi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019in Anadolu\u2019da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kurdu\u011fu siyasal birlik Timur taraf\u0131ndan bozulmu\u015ftur. Timur bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131yla Anadolu\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devletin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ilerleyi\u015fi bir s\u00fcre durmu\u015ftur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 gecikmi\u015f ve Balkanlarda Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyeti sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Timur\u2019un Anadolu\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmesinden sonra Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019in o\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda taht kavgalar\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde \u201cFetret Devri\u201d olarak bilinen ve 11 y\u0131l s\u00fcren bu d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti da\u011f\u0131lmakla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Fetret Devri (1402 \u2013 1413)<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra padi\u015fahs\u0131z ge\u00e7en 11 y\u0131la (1402 \u2013 1413) Fetret Devri denilmi\u015ftir.
\nFetret Devri\u2019nde ya\u015fanan taht kavgalar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni maddi-manevi zarara u\u011fratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu sa\u011flam devlet \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sosyal kurumlar sayesinde tamamen par\u00e7alan\u0131p da\u011f\u0131lmaktan kurtulabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Balkanlarda Sars\u0131lan Hakimiyetin Peki\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin taht kavgalar\u0131na ve zay\u0131flamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Balkanlarda tutunabilmesinde;
\n\u2022 T\u0131mar sisteminin ve planl\u0131 \u015fekilde iskan politikas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131
\n\u2022 Timur\u2019un Osmanl\u0131 ordusunu tamamen imha edememesi
\n\u2022 Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Balkanlarda takip etti\u011fi ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc ve adaletli politikan\u0131n Balkan halk\u0131n\u0131 memnun etmesi
\ngibi nedenler etkili olmu\u015ftur.
\n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, 1440 \u2013 1444 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Balkan uluslar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda zor duruma d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00fcst \u00fcste ma\u011flubiyetler alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. II. Murat, bu geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n aleyhine olan Edirne \u2013 Segedin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalamak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1444).
\n Balkanlardaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klardan dolay\u0131 II. Murat tahttan \u00e7ekilerek yerine 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki o\u011flu II. Mehmet\u2019i tahta \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumdan faydalanarak T\u00fcrkleri Balkanlardan atmak isteyen Balkan uluslar\u0131 yeni bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusu haz\u0131rlayarak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne sald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Ha\u00e7l\u0131larla Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Varna Sava\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin galibiyetiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1444).
\n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Varna Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131, Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan \u00f6nceki g\u00fcc\u00fcne ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Balkanlardaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klara son verdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.
\n Macar Kral\u0131 H\u00fcnyadi Yano\u015f liderli\u011finde kurulan yeni bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusu hem Varna Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n intikam\u0131n\u0131 almak hem de T\u00fcrkleri Balkanlardan atmak amac\u0131yla sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7ti. Yap\u0131lan II. Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1448).<\/p>\n
Bu sava\u015ftan sonra;
\n\u2022 T\u00fcrkler Balkanlara kesin olarak yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrklerin Balkanlardaki hakimiyeti peki\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.
\nHa\u00e7l\u0131lar uzun y\u0131llar Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne sald\u0131rmaya cesaret edememi\u015fler ve T\u00fcrklerin Avrupa\u2019daki hakimiyet alanlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli geni\u015flemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Kurulu\u015fu \u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131ndan faydalanan Osman Bey, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket ederek Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni kurmu\u015ftur (1299). Osman Gazi\u2019nin, Ahi \u015feyhlerinden Edebali\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131yla evlenmesi Anadolu halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabullenilmesini ve desteklenmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin K\u0131sa S\u00fcrede Geli\u015fmesini Sa\u011flayan Etkenler Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede geli\u015fmesinde; \u2022 Anadolu\u2019da ve Balkanlarda siyasal birli\u011fin bulunmamas\u0131 \u2022 Merkeziyet\u00e7i bir devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimsenerek hakimiyetin …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1491,1580,1489,1629,1538,1484,1627,1630,1628],"class_list":["post-453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-ankara-savasi","tag-hacli-seferleri","tag-i-murat","tag-ii-kosova-savasi","tag-osman-bey","tag-osman-gazi","tag-osmanli-devletinin-kurulusu","tag-varna-savasi","tag-yildirim-bayezid"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=453"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/453\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}