\u0130LK T\u00dcRK-\u0130SLAM DEVLETLER\u0130<\/p>\n
KARAHANLILAR: (840-1212)<\/p>\n
Kuruldu\u011fu Yer: Orta Asya\u2019da Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuzey ve g\u00fcneyinde kuruldu.
\nKurucusu: Bilge K\u00fcl Kadir Han\u2019d\u0131r.
\nH\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131:Bilge K\u00fcl Kadir Han, Satuk Bu\u011fra Han, Yusuf Kadir Han<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri:<\/p>\n
* Satuk Bu\u011fra Han zaman\u0131nda \u0130slamiyeti resmen kabul ettiler. Satuk Bu\u011fra Han \u201cAbd\u00fclkerim\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.
\n* Samano\u011fullar\u0131 ve Gaznelilerle sava\u015flar yapt\u0131lar.
\n* En parlak d\u00f6nemleri Yusuf Kadir Han zaman\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Not: Karahanl\u0131lar, ilk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk devletidir. <\/p>\n
Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f Sebepleri:<\/p>\n
*Yusuf Kadir Han\u2019\u0131n \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce \u00fclkesini \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131,
\n*\u00c7\u0131kan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar ve taht kavgalar\u0131,
\n*Karahanl\u0131lar\u0131n 1058\u2019de Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Karahanl\u0131lar olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\n*Do\u011fu Karahanl\u0131lar, Karahitaylar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 (1130).
\n*Bat\u0131 Karahanl\u0131lar, Harzem\u015fahlar taraf\u0131ndan 1212 de y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.
\nGAZNEL\u0130LER: (963-1178)<\/p>\n
Kuruldu\u011fu Yer: Afganistan, Hindistan ve \u0130ran.
\nKurucusu: Alp Tigin\u2019dir.
\nH\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131: Alp Tigin, Sultan Mahmut (Gazneli Mahmut), Sultan Mesut<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri:<\/p>\n
* Devletin en parlak d\u00f6nemi Gazneli Mahmut zaman\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde devlet en geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlara ula\u015ft\u0131 ve imparatorluk haline geldi.
\n* Gazneli Mahmut Hindistan\u2019a 17 sefer yaparak burada islamiyetin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.
\n* B\u00fcveyho\u011fullar\u0131ndan Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzey taraflar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Ganj \u0131rma\u011f\u0131ndan Irak\u2019a kadar ula\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devlet kurmu\u015f oldu.
\n* Abbasi halifeli\u011fini \u015eii B\u00fcveyh o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtard\u0131.
\n* Sel\u00e7uklularla sava\u015ft\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131.
\n* Sultan Mahmut\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine yerine Sultan Mesut ge\u00e7ti.
\n* Sultan Mesut da Hindistan\u2019a seferler yapt\u0131. Sel\u00e7uklularla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dandanakan Sava\u015f\u0131nda yenildi (1040).<\/p>\n
Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f Sebepleri:<\/p>\n
*Sel\u00e7uklularla yap\u0131lan Dandanakan Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra devletin zay\u0131flamaya ba\u015flamas\u0131.
\n*\u00dclkede i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131.
\n*Gazne Devleti, 1187 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gurlular (Afgan Yerlileri) taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n
TOLUNO\u011eULLARI: (868-905)<\/p>\n
Kuruldu\u011fu Yer: M\u0131s\u0131r.
\nKurucusu: Toluno\u011flu Ahmet.<\/p>\n
Not: M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da kurulan ilk T\u00fcrk devletidir. <\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri:
\n* M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve M\u0131s\u0131r, Toluno\u011fullar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan imar edilerek zenginle\u015ftirildi.
\n* Suriye al\u0131nd\u0131.
\nY\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131: <\/p>\n
Toluno\u011flu Ahmet\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra o\u011fullar\u0131 zaman\u0131nda i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu durumdan yararlanan Abbasiler, Toluno\u011fullar\u0131na son verdiler (905). <\/p>\n
\u0130H\u015e\u0130TLER (AK\u015e\u0130TLER): (935-969) <\/p>\n
Kuruldu\u011fu Yer: M\u0131s\u0131r.
\nKurucusu: Ebubekir Muhammed.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri:
\n* M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da kurulan ikinci T\u00fcrk devletidir.
\n* Suriye\u2019yi ald\u0131lar ve \u00fclke topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131lar.
\nY\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/p>\n
*Fatimiler taraf\u0131ndan ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n
B\u00dcY\u00dcK SEL\u00c7UKLU DEVLET\u0130 (1040-1157)<\/p>\n
Kuruldu\u011fu Yer: Horasan.
\nKurucusu: Tu\u011frul Bey.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri:
\n* Sel\u00e7uklular, O\u011fuzlar\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7ok kolunun K\u0131n\u0131k boyundand\u0131r.
\n* B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019ne, bu boydan olan Sel\u00e7uk Bey ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi.
\n* Sel\u00e7uk Bey, O\u011fuzlar Devleti\u2019nde suba\u015f\u0131 iken, O\u011fuz Devleti\u2019nin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 ile aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan anla\u015fmazl\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 ordularla g\u00fcneye inerek Seyhun \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Cent \u015fehrine yerle\u015fti (930-935).<\/p>\n
H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131: Sel\u00e7uk Bey, Arslan Yabgu, Tu\u011frul ve \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Beyler, Alp Arslan, Melik\u015fah, Sultan Sencer<\/p>\n
Sel\u00e7uk Bey:<\/p>\n
* Cent \u015fehrinde \u0130slamiyet\u2019i kabul etti.
\n* Bir \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk boyunu y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131na ald\u0131.
\n* Samano\u011fullar\u0131 ile Karahanl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015fta, daha g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz olan Samano\u011fullar\u0131na yard\u0131m etti. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toprak ald\u0131. <\/p>\n
Arslan Yabgu: <\/p>\n
* Sel\u00e7uk Bey\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yerine o\u011flu Arslan Yabgu ge\u00e7ti.
\n* Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini istemeyen Gazneli Mahmut, Arslan Yabgu\u2019yu tutuklatt\u0131.
\nTu\u011frul ve \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Beyler:<\/p>\n
* Tu\u011frul ve \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 beyler, iki karde\u015f olarak topraklar\u0131 par\u00e7alamadan aralar\u0131nda i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yaparak \u00fclkeyi idare ettiler.
\n* Gaznelilerle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sava\u015flar yapt\u0131lar.
\n* Horasan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerinden biri olan Ni\u015fabur\u2019u ald\u0131lar (1038).<\/p>\n
Dandanakan Sava\u015f\u0131 (1040):<\/p>\n
*Sel\u00e7uklular ile Gazneliler aras\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131.
\nSebepleri:
\n* Gazneliler\u2019in Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 Horasan\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131karmak istemeleri.
\n* Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n kendilerine yurt aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde olmalar\u0131.
\nSonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/p>\n
*Gazneliler yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine girdi.
\n*Sel\u00e7uklular b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zafer kazand\u0131. Horasan ve \u0130ran topraklar\u0131 Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti.
\n*B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti kuruldu (1040).
\n*Tu\u011frul Bey sultan ilan edildi. Devleti \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Bey ile birlikte y\u00f6netti.
\n*Rey \u015fehri al\u0131narak ba\u015fkent yap\u0131ld\u0131.
\n*Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki otoritesi artt\u0131.
\n* Abbasi halifesinin, \u015eii B\u00fcveyho\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Sel\u00e7uklulardan yard\u0131m istemesi \u00fczerine Tu\u011frul Bey, *Ba\u011fdat Seferine \u00e7\u0131karak 1055 Abbasileri \u015eii B\u00fcveyho\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n koruyuculu\u011fu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti. Bu olaydan sonra \u0130slam D\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n dini lideri Abbasiler, siyasi lideri de Sel\u00e7uklular oldu.
\n* Bizans \u00fczerine sefere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sava\u015flar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bir \u00e7ok \u015fehir al\u0131nd\u0131 (Erzurum, Kemah, Malatya, Sivas).<\/p>\n
Pasinler Sava\u015f\u0131 (1048):<\/p>\n
* Sel\u00e7uklular ile Bizansl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131.
\n* G\u00fcrc\u00fcler Bizansl\u0131lara yard\u0131m etti.
\nSebepleri: <\/p>\n
*Dandanakan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Sel\u00e7uklular\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ilerlemeleri.
\nB*izansl\u0131lar\u0131n, T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019ya girmelerini engellemek istemeleri.
\nNot: Pasinler (Hasankale) Sava\u015f\u0131, Sel\u00e7uklular ile Bizansl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ilk sava\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131: <\/p>\n
*Bizansl\u0131lar yenildi ve Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 Resmen tan\u0131d\u0131.
\n*Do\u011fu Anadolu, Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n denetimine girmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Van\u2019dan Trabzon\u2019a kadar olan topraklar Sel\u00e7uklular\u2019\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti.
\n*G\u00fcrc\u00fc Kral\u0131 Liparit, Sel\u00e7uklulara esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.
\nAlp Arslan (1063-1072):<\/p>\n
* \u00d6nce i\u00e7 i\u015flerini d\u00fczeltti. \u00c7\u0131kan ayaklanmalar\u0131 bast\u0131rd\u0131.
\n* Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa sava\u015f a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00fcrcistan, Ani Kalesi ve Kars al\u0131nd\u0131.
\n* Alp Arslan, komutanlar\u0131n\u0131 Anadolu\u2019nun fethi ile g\u00f6revlendirdi. T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131 Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na kadar ilerlediler.
\nMalazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131 (26 A\u011fustos 1071):
\n*Sel\u00e7uklular ile Bizansl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131.
\nSebebi:
\n*Bizans\u2019\u0131n, Anadolu\u2019ya yap\u0131lan T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da gittik\u00e7e g\u00fc\u00e7lenen Sel\u00e7uklu egemenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 koymak istemesidir. <\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmesi: <\/p>\n
*Sava\u015f, Malazgirt ile Ahlat aras\u0131ndaki Malazgirt ovas\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131.
\n*Sel\u00e7uklu kuvvetleri \u00fc\u00e7e b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc.
\n*Alp Arslan sahte geri \u00e7ekilme plan\u0131 uygulayarak Bizans ordusunu merkezden ay\u0131rd\u0131.
\n*Bu s\u0131rada Bizans ordusunda bulunan Pe\u00e7enek ve Uzlar, Sel\u00e7uklu taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7tiler. Pusuya yatan T\u00fcrk askerlerinin seri h\u00fccumu ile Bizans ordusu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131.
\n*Ancak sava\u015f\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda ordunun manevi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131, iyi te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131 ve Alp Arslan gibi yetenekli, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmesinin de b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\nSonu\u00e7lar:<\/p>\n
*T\u00fcrkler b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zafer kazand\u0131.
\n*Bizans \u0130mparatoru Romen Diyojen esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lan Antla\u015fma Sonunda;
\n*Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da ki baz\u0131 \u015fehirler T\u00fcrklere b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.
\n*Bizansl\u0131lar her y\u0131l vergi verecekti.
\n*Alp Arslan, esir al\u0131nan askerleri serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131.
\nNot: Malazgirt zaferi ile Anadolu\u2019nun kap\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrklere a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. T\u00fcrkler Anadolu\u2019ya yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n
* Alp Arslan, Bat\u0131 Karahanl\u0131lar \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 bir sefer s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. <\/p>\n
Melik\u015fah (1072-1092):<\/p>\n
*Ege Denizine ve bo\u011fazlara kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn Anadolu al\u0131nd\u0131.
\n*Suriye, Filistin ve Arabistan al\u0131nd\u0131.
\n*Devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131; do\u011fuda Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131 ve Seyhun \u0131rma\u011f\u0131ndan bat\u0131da Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na, kuzeyde Kafkas da\u011flar\u0131ndan g\u00fcneyde Basra k\u00f6rfezine kadar geni\u015fletildi.
\n*Vezir Nizam\u00fclm\u00fclk\u2019\u00fcn kodu\u011fu kanun ve metotlarla devlet i\u015fleri \u00e7ok d\u00fczenli olarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc.
\n*G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ordu ile, \u00e7\u0131kan ayaklanmalar hemen bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.
\n*Ba\u015fkent, Rey\u2019den \u0130sfahan\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.
\n*Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n en parlak d\u00f6nemidir.
\n*Melik\u015fah\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra o\u011fullar\u0131 ars\u0131nda taht kavgalar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131 ve \u00fclkede ayaklanmalar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/p>\n
Sultan Sencer (1118-1157):
\n*Merv \u015fehri ba\u015fkent yap\u0131ld\u0131.
\n*Gaznelilerden Gazne \u015fehri, Karahanl\u0131lardan Mavera\u00fcnnehir al\u0131nd\u0131.
\n*Karahitayl\u0131larla yap\u0131lan Katvan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Sel\u00e7uklular yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131 (1141). Mavera\u00fcnnehir elden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
\n*Bundan sonra ayaklanan O\u011fuzlar \u00fczerine gidildi. Fakat Sultan Sencer esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bir s\u00fcre sonra 1157\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fc.
\n*Sultan Sencer\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 (1157). <\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin Y\u0131k\u0131lma Sebepleri:
\n*\u00dclkenin hanedan \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve taht kavgalar\u0131,
\n*Atabeylerin, merkezi otoritenin zay\u0131flamas\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmeleri,
\n*Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferlerinin meydana getirdi\u011fi sars\u0131nt\u0131lar,
\n*T\u00fcrkmenlerin k\u00fcst\u00fcr\u00fclmesi,
\n*Abbasilerin, eski g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kovu\u015fmak i\u00e7in Sel\u00e7uklular aleyhine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n*Katvan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkisi,
\n*Bat\u0131nilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin Y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan Sonra Kurulan Devletler<\/p>\n
1.Suriye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131
\n2.Horasan Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131
\n3.Kirman Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131
\n4.Irak Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131
\n5.Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 <\/p>\n
HARZEM\u015eAHLAR (1097-1231):<\/p>\n
Kuruldu\u011fu Yer: Aral g\u00f6l\u00fcne d\u00f6k\u00fclen Ceyhun \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 deltas\u0131yla, buran\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki yerlerde kuruldu (Harezm).
\nKurucusu: \u0130l Arslan.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri: <\/p>\n
*B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 Melik\u015fah\u2019\u0131n komutanlar\u0131ndan Anu\u015f Tigin, Harzem valili\u011fine atand\u0131.
\n*Anu\u015f Tigin\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra o\u011flu Kutbeddin Muhammed, harzem\u015fah unvan\u0131 ile buraya g\u00f6nderildi. *Kutbeddin Muhammed otuz y\u0131l ba\u015far\u0131 ile Harzem\u2019i y\u00f6netti.
\n*Daha sonra Ats\u0131z, ard\u0131ndan \u0130l Arslan ba\u015fa ge\u00e7ti.
\n*B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla \u0130l Arslan zaman\u0131nda Harzem\u015fahlar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldular.
\n*Alaeddin Teki\u015f, Horasan ve \u0130sfehan taraflar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Alaeddin Teki\u015f, Harzem\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n*Alaeddin Muhammed, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 ve Mavera\u00fcnnehiri ald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Seyhun \u0131rma\u011f\u0131ndan Dicle\u2019ye kadar uzanan bir T\u00fcrk devleti kurulmu\u015f oldu.
\nY\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/p>\n
*1220 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mo\u011follar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131lar ve yenildiler.
\n*Celalettin Harzem\u015fah, Mo\u011follarla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flarda ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flayamad\u0131. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine Mo\u011follar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 (1231). <\/p>\n
MO\u011eOL DEVLET\u0130(1196-1227)<\/p>\n
Kuruldu\u011fu yer:Mo\u011folistan da kuruldu.
\nKurucusu: Cengiz Han\u2019d\u0131r.
\nBa\u015fkenti: Karakum\u2019dur.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
* Cengiz Han; g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve disiplinli bir ordu kurdu. \u00c7in\u2019i on y\u0131l s\u00fcren sava\u015flardan sonra egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na ald\u0131.
\n* Karhitaylar ve Harzem\u015fahlar Devleti\u2019ni y\u0131kt\u0131. K\u0131p\u00e7ak \u00fclkelerini ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ald\u0131.
\n* Rusya i\u00e7lerine ilerledi\u011fi s\u0131rada \u00f6ld\u00fc. <\/p>\n
Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/p>\n
* Cengiz Han\u2019dan sonra ba\u015fa ge\u00e7en Mo\u011fol h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131, bu \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck devletin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc koruyamad\u0131lar. \u0130mparatorluk d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 devlete ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bunlar;<\/p>\n
1- Kubilay Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, (\u00c7in)
\n2-Alt\u0131n Orda Devleti, (Karadeniz\u2019in Kuzeyi)
\n3- \u00c7a\u011fatay Devleti, (T\u00fcrkistan)
\n4- \u0130lhanl\u0131lar Devleti, (\u0130ran)d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
* Bu devletler, XIV. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131lar.
\n* Kubilay Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hari\u00e7 di\u011ferleri XIV.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130slamiyet\u2019i kabul edip T\u00fcrkle\u015ftiler.<\/p>\n
ALTIN ORDA DEVLET\u0130(1227-1502) <\/p>\n
Kuruldu\u011fu yer: Hazar g\u00f6l\u00fc ile Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyi
\nKurucusu: Cengiz Han\u0131n torunu Batu Han\u2019d\u0131r.
\nBa\u015fkenti: Saray \u015eehri\u2019dir. <\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
* Batu Han, \u0130til Bulgarlar\u0131n\u0131 ve K\u0131p\u00e7aklar\u0131 y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131na alarak devleti kurdu. Devletin S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fuda Aral g\u00f6l\u00fcnde Bat\u0131 da Macaristan i\u00e7lerine kadar geni\u015fletti.
\n* 1275\u2019te h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olan Berke Han, \u0130slam dinini kabul etti.
\n* \u0130lhanl\u0131 Devleti ile sava\u015ft\u0131lar.
\n* Ruslar\u0131 vergiye ba\u011flad\u0131lar.
\nY\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131:
\n* XIV. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Devlet zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve par\u00e7aland\u0131. Timur\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seferler sonucunda d\u00f6rde ayr\u0131ld\u0131.
\nBunlar:
\n1.Sibirya Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131,
\n2.Hac\u0131 Tahran Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131,
\n3.Kazan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131,
\n4.K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131.
\n* K\u0131r\u0131m Han\u0131 Mengli Giray 1502\u2019de Alt\u0131n Orda Devleti\u2019ne son verdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130LK T\u00dcRK-\u0130SLAM DEVLETLER\u0130 KARAHANLILAR: (840-1212) Kuruldu\u011fu Yer: Orta Asya\u2019da Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuzey ve g\u00fcneyinde kuruldu. Kurucusu: Bilge K\u00fcl Kadir Han\u2019d\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131:Bilge K\u00fcl Kadir Han, Satuk Bu\u011fra Han, Yusuf Kadir Han \u00d6zellikleri: * Satuk Bu\u011fra Han zaman\u0131nda \u0130slamiyeti resmen kabul ettiler. Satuk Bu\u011fra Han \u201cAbd\u00fclkerim\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. * Samano\u011fullar\u0131 ve Gaznelilerle sava\u015flar yapt\u0131lar. * En parlak …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1654,1657,1418,1655,1652,1429,1650,1428,1515,266,1656,1651,1430,1653],"class_list":["post-459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-alp-arslan","tag-buyuk-selcuklu-devletinin-yikilma-sebepleri","tag-cengiz-han","tag-dandanakan-savasi","tag-gazneli-mahmut","tag-gazneliler","tag-ilk-turk-islam-devletleri","tag-karahanlilar","tag-meliksah","tag-mogollar","tag-pasinler-savasi","tag-satuk-bugra-han","tag-selcuklular","tag-tolunogullari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=459"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/459\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}