{"id":4622,"date":"2011-12-14T18:38:22","date_gmt":"2011-12-14T16:38:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/\/?p=4622"},"modified":"2011-12-14T18:38:22","modified_gmt":"2011-12-14T16:38:22","slug":"polinomlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/polinomlar\/","title":{"rendered":"Polinomlar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Polinomlarla \u0130lgili Temel Kavramlar:<\/p>\n<p> a0, a1, a2, &#8230;.an-1, an \uf0ce R ve n \uf0ce N olmak \u00fczere, P(x) = an xn + an-1 xn-1 + &#8230;. + a1 x + a0 \u015feklindeki ifadelere x de\u011fi\u015fkenine ba\u011fl\u0131, reel katsay\u0131l\u0131 n\u2019inci dereceden bir polinom denir.<\/p>\n<p> 1. an xn, an-1 xn-1, &#8230;., ak xk, &#8230;.., ayx, a0 ifadelerinin her birine P(x) polinomunun terimleri denir.<br \/>\n 2. an, an-1, &#8230;., ak, &#8230;., ay, a0 reel say\u0131lar\u0131na, polinomun terimlerinin katsay\u0131lar\u0131 denir.<br \/>\n 3. P(x) polinomunda anxn terimindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck n say\u0131s\u0131na polinomun derecesi denir ve [P(x)]=n \u015feklinde g\u00f6sterilir.<br \/>\n 4. Derecesi en b\u00fcy\u00fck olan anxn terimindeki an reel say\u0131s\u0131na polinomun katsay\u0131s\u0131, a0 sabitine ise polinomun sabit terimi denir.<br \/>\n 5. P(x) polinomu, terimlerin azalan derecelerine g\u00f6re,<br \/>\n P(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + &#8230;. + a1x + a0 \u015feklinde veya P(x) polinomu terimlerin artan derecelerine g\u00f6re,<br \/>\n P(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + &#8230;. + an-1xn-1 + anxn bi\u00e7iminde s\u0131ralan\u0131r.<br \/>\n 6. Katsay\u0131lar\u0131 reel say\u0131lardan olu\u015fan polinoma \u201cReel Katsay\u0131l\u0131 Polinom\u201d denir ve reel katsay\u0131l\u0131 polinomlar k\u00fcmesi R[x] ile g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rnek:<br \/>\n P(x) = 2&#215;5-3\/n +xn-2 + 4 ifadesinin bir polinom olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in n \uf0ce N ka\u00e7 olmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n<p> \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<br \/>\n 5-3\/n ifadesinin bir do\u011fal say\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekir bunun i\u00e7in n yerine verilecek say\u0131n\u0131n 3\u2019\u00fcn b\u00f6lenleri olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n 3\u2019\u00fcn b\u00f6lenleri ise n = 1, n = 3, n = -1, n = -3 Ayr\u0131ca n-2 \uf0b3 0 den n \uf0b3 2 olmas\u0131 gerekir. O halde bu iki \u015fart\u0131 da ger\u00e7ekleyen n = 3 say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, P(x) polinomu<br \/>\n P(x) = 2&#215;5-3\/3 + x3-2 + 4<br \/>\n P(x) = 2&#215;4 + x + 4 d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p> \u00c7OK DE\u011e\u0130\u015eKENL\u0130 POL\u0130NOM<\/p>\n<p> P(x, y) = x3y2 \u2013 2&#215;4 y3 + xy + x \u2013 y + 1 \u015feklindeki polinomlara x ve y de\u011fi\u015fkenlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 reel katsay\u0131l\u0131 bir polinom denir.<\/p>\n<p> Bu polinomlar\u0131n derecesi x ve y\u2019nin dereceler toplam\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<br \/>\n der P(x, y) = der P(x) + der P(y) dir. <\/p>\n<p> Yukar\u0131daki iki de\u011fi\u015fkenli polinomun derecesi ikinci terimdeki x ve y\u2019nin dereceler toplam\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n Der P(x, y) = 4 + 3 = 7 dir.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rnek<br \/>\n P(x, y) = 2x2y4 \u2013 3x3y5 + x2y3-y5 + 1 polinomunun derecesi ka\u00e7t\u0131r?<\/p>\n<p> \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<br \/>\n 2x2y4 teriminin derecesi 2 + 4 = 6<br \/>\n -3x3y5 teriminin derecesi 3 + 5 =8<br \/>\n x2y3 teriminin derecesi 2 + 3 = 5<br \/>\n -y5 teriminin derecesi 5<br \/>\n Yukar\u0131da belirtilen en b\u00fcy\u00fck dereceli terimin derecesi P(x, y) polinomunun derecesidir. O halde, der P(x, y) = 8 dir.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rnek<br \/>\n P(x) = x3 \u2013 3&#215;2 + 4x \u2013 2 ise<br \/>\n P(2)= ?, P(0) = ?, P(1) = ?<\/p>\n<p> \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<br \/>\n P(2) = 23 \u2013 3.22 + 4.2 \u2013 2<br \/>\n = 8 \u2013 12 + 8 \u2013 2 = 2 bulunur.<br \/>\n P(0) = 03 \u2013 3.02 + 4.0 \u2013 2 = &#8211; 2 bulunur.<br \/>\n P(1) = 13 \u2013 3.12 + 4.1 \u2013 2<br \/>\n = 1 \u2013 3 + 4 \u2013 2 = 0 bulunur. <\/p>\n<p> SIFIR POL\u0130NOMU<\/p>\n<p> P(X) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + &#8230; + a2x2 + a1x + a0 polinomunda,<br \/>\n an = an-1 = &#8230; = a1 = a0 = 0 ise; P(x) = 0xn + 0xn-1 + &#8230; + 0x2 + 0x + 0 polinomuna, s\u0131f\u0131r polinomu denir.<\/p>\n<p> S\u0131f\u0131r polinomu, 0 ile g\u00f6sterilir. S\u0131f\u0131r polinomunun derecesi belirsizdir.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rnek<br \/>\n P(x) = (m + 3)x2 + (n \u2013 5) x + 1 polinomunun s\u0131f\u0131r polinomu olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in; m, n ve t reel say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 belirtelim.<\/p>\n<p> \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br \/>\n P(x) polinomunun s\u0131f\u0131r polinomu olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in;<br \/>\n m + 3 = 0, n \u2013 5 = 0, t = 0 ;<br \/>\n m = -3, n = 5, t = 0 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> SAB\u0130T POL\u0130NOM<\/p>\n<p> P(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + &#8230; + a1x + a0 polinomunda, an = an-1 = &#8230; = a1 = 0 ve a0 \uf0b9 0 ise; P(x) polinomuna, sabit polinom denir.<\/p>\n<p> 0xn + 0xn-1 + &#8230; + 0x + a0 sabit polinomu, a0 ile g\u00f6sterilir.<br \/>\n x0 = 1 oldu\u011fundan; a0 sabit polinomu, a0x0 bi\u00e7iminde yaz\u0131labilir. Buna g\u00f6re, sabit polinomun derecesi 0 d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rnek P(x) = (a \u2013 4)x2 + bx + 7 polinomunun sabit polinom olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, a ve b say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 belirtelim.<\/p>\n<p> \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br \/>\n P(x) = A \u2013 4)x2 + bx + 7 polinomunun sabit polinom olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, a \u2013 4 = 0 ve b = 0 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, a = 4 ve b = 0 d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> \u0130K\u0130 POL\u0130NOM E\u015e\u0130TL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/p>\n<p> Dereceleri ayn\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 dereceli terimlerinin kat say\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015fit olan iki polinoma, e\u015fit polinomlar denir.<\/p>\n<p> n. dereceden,<br \/>\n A(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + &#8230; + a2x2 + a1x + a0 ve<br \/>\n B(x) = bnxn + bn-1xn-1 + &#8230; + b2x2 + b1x + b0 polinomlar\u0131 i\u00e7in;<br \/>\n A(x) = B(x) \uf0db an = bn, an-1 = bn-1, &#8230; , a2 = b2, a1, a0 = b0 d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rnek<br \/>\n A(x) = 5&#215;3 + (a + 1&#215;2 + d,<br \/>\n B(x) = (b &#8211; 1)x3 \u2013 3&#215;2 \u2013 (2c \u2013 3) x + polinomlar\u0131 veriliyor. A(x) = B(x) olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in; a, b, c ve d yi bulal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p> \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br \/>\n A(x) = 5&#215;3 + (a + 1)x2 + d = 5&#215;3 + (a + 1)x2 + 0x + d,<br \/>\n B(x) = (b \u2013 1)x3 &#8211; 3&#215;2 \u2013 (2c \u2013 3)x + oldu\u011fundan;<br \/>\n A(x) = B(x) \uf0de 5 = b \u2013 1, a + 1 = -3, 0 = -(2c \u2013 3), d =<br \/>\n b = 6, a = -4, c = , d = dir.<\/p>\n<p> POL\u0130NOM FONKS\u0130YONLARI<\/p>\n<p> P : R \uf0ae R<br \/>\n x \uf0ae P(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + &#8230; + a1x + a0 fonksiyonuna polinom fonksiyonu denir.<\/p>\n<p> P : R \uf0ae R<br \/>\n x \uf0ae P(x) = 5&#215;3 + 2&#215;2 \u2013 3x + 1 ifadesi polinom fonksiyonudur.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rnek<br \/>\n P(x) = x2 + 2x + 1 polinomu i\u00e7in P(X-1) polinomunu bulunuz.<\/p>\n<p> \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br \/>\n P(x-1)\u2019i bulmak i\u00e7in P(x)\u2019de x yerine x-1\u2019i yazal\u0131m.<br \/>\n P(x-1) = (x-1)2 + 2(x-1) + 1<br \/>\n = x2 \u2013 2x + 1 + 2x \u2013 2 + 1 = x2<br \/>\n P(x-1) = x2 olarak bulunur.<\/p>\n<p> II: Yol:<br \/>\n \u00d6nce P(x) = x2 + 2x + 1 = (x+1)2 olarak yaz\u0131p x yerine x-1\u2019i yazal\u0131m.<br \/>\n P(x-1) = (x-1+1)2 = x2 bulunur.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rnek<br \/>\n P(x) polinomu i\u00e7in,<br \/>\n P(x+2) = x3 \u2013 2&#215;2 + 4 e\u015fitli\u011fi veriliyor. Buna g\u00f6re P(x) polinomunu bulunuz.<\/p>\n<p> \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br \/>\n P(x+2) = x3 &#8211; 2&#215;2 + 4 e\u015fitli\u011finde<br \/>\n H = x + 2 \uf0de h \u20132 = x\u2019i yerine yazal\u0131m.<br \/>\n P(h \u2013 2 + 2) = (h \u2013 2)3 \u2013 2(h \u2013 2)2 + 4<br \/>\n P(h) = (h \u2013 2)3 \u2013 2(h \u2013 2)2 + 4<br \/>\n P(x) = (x \u2013 2)3 \u2013 2(x \u2013 2)2 + 4 bulunur.<\/p>\n<p> POL\u0130NOM KATSAYILAR TOPLAMI<\/p>\n<p> P(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + &#8230; + a1x + a0 polinomunda x = 1 yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131rsa<br \/>\n P(1) = an + an-1 + &#8230; + a1 + a0 katsay\u0131lar toplam\u0131 bulunur.<br \/>\n P(x) polinomunda x = 0 yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131rsa sabit terimi bulunur.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rnek<br \/>\n P(x) = 2&#215;4 + 5&#215;3 \u2013 3&#215;2 + x \u2013 1 polinomunun katsay\u0131lar\u0131 toplam\u0131n\u0131 bulunuz.<\/p>\n<p> \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br \/>\n P(x) de x = 1 \u2018i yerine yazal\u0131m.<br \/>\n P(1) = 2.14 + 5.13 \u2013 3.12 + 1-1<br \/>\n = 2 + 5 \u2013 3 + 1 \u2013 1 = 4 bulunur.<\/p>\n<p> POLINOMLARDA \u0130\u015eLEMLER<\/p>\n<p> Polinomlarda Toplama \u0130\u015flemi<\/p>\n<p> A(x) = a4x4 + a3x3 + a2x2 + a1x + a0<br \/>\n B(x) = b3x3 + b2x2 + b1x + b0<br \/>\n Polinomlar\u0131 verilsin, bu iki polinomu toplarken ayn\u0131 dereceli terimler kendi aras\u0131nda toplanarak iki polinomun toplam\u0131 elde edilir.<br \/>\n A(x) + B(x) = a4 x4 + ( a3 + b3 ) x3 + ( a2 + b2 ) x2 + ( a1 + b1 ) x + a0 + b0 <\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rnek<br \/>\n P(x) = x3 + 2&#215;2 \u2013 3x + 1, Q(x) = 3&#215;2 + \uf0d63 x + 4 polinomlar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131 olan polinomu bulunuz.<\/p>\n<p> \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br \/>\n P(x) + Q(x) = x3 + (2+3) x2 + (-3) + \uf0d63) x + 1 + 4<br \/>\n = x3 + 5&#215;2 + (\uf0d63-3) x + 5 dir.<\/p>\n<p> Buna g\u00f6re iki polinomun toplam\u0131 yine bir ba\u015fka polinom oldu\u011fundan polinomlar toplama i\u015flemine g\u00f6re kapal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> 1. Polinomlar k\u00fcmesi, toplama i\u015flemine g\u00f6re kapal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n 2. Polinomlar k\u00fcmesinde toplama i\u015fleminin de\u011fi\u015fme \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r.<br \/>\n 3. Polinomlar k\u00fcmesinde toplama i\u015fleminin birle\u015fme \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r.<br \/>\n 4. S\u0131f\u0131r polinomu, polinomlar k\u00fcmesinde toplama i\u015flemine g\u00f6re birim eleman\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n 5. Her polinomun, toplama i\u015flemine g\u00f6re tersi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> \u0130ki Polinomun Fark\u0131<\/p>\n<p> P(x) ve Q(x) polinomlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, P(x) \u2013 Q(x) = P(x) + (-Q(x)) tir.<br \/>\n P(x) \u2013 Q(x) polinomuna, P(x) polinomu ile Q(x) polinomunun fark\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rnek<br \/>\n A(x) = 5&#215;4 + x3 \u2013 3&#215;2 + x + 2 ve<\/p>\n<p> B(x) = &#8211; 5&#215;4 + x3 + 2&#215;2 + polinomlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, A(x) \u2013 B(x) fark\u0131n\u0131 bulal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p> \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br \/>\n B(x) = -5&#215;4 + x3 + 2&#215;2 + ise, -B(x) = 5&#215;4 &#8211; x3 \u2013 2&#215;2 &#8211; dir.<br \/>\n A(x) \u2013 B(x) = A(x) + (-B(x))<br \/>\n = (5&#215;4 + x3 \u2013 3&#215;2 + x + 2) + (5&#215;4 &#8211; x3 \u20132&#215;2 &#8211; )<br \/>\n = (5 + 5)x4 + ( &#8211; )x3 + (-3 \u20132)x2 + x + (2 &#8211; )<br \/>\n = 10&#215;4 \u2013 x3 \u2013 5&#215;2 + x &#8211; olur.<br \/>\n Bu \u00f6rnekte g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, iki polinomun fark\u0131 da bir polinomdur.<br \/>\n Her A(x) ve B(x) polinomlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, A(x) \u2013 B(x) ifadesi de polinom oldu\u011fundan; polinomlar k\u00fcmesi, \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemine g\u00f6re kapal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> Polinomlarda \u00c7arpma \u0130\u015flemi<\/p>\n<p> A(x) ve b(x) gibi iki polinomun \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131, A(x) \u2018in her terimi B(x)\u2019in her terimi ile ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131larak bulunur.<br \/>\n anxn ile bkxk teriminin \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131<br \/>\n anxn . bkxk = (an . bk) xn+k dir.<br \/>\n Yani (5&#215;3) . (-2&#215;4) = 5 . (-2) x3+4 = -10&#215;7<br \/>\n Bu \u00e7arpmaya g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki e\u015fitli\u011fi yazabiliriz.<br \/>\n Der [A(x) . B(x) ] = der (A(x)) + der (B(x))<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6rnek<br \/>\n A(x) = 3&#215;4 + 1, B(x) = x2 + x<br \/>\n C(x) = x2 \u2013 x + 1 polinomlar\u0131 veriliyor.<br \/>\n a) A(x) . B(x)<br \/>\n b) B(x) . C(x) \u00e7arp\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 bulunuz.<\/p>\n<p> \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br \/>\n a) A(x) . B(x) = (3&#215;4 + 1) . (x2 + x)<br \/>\n = 3&#215;4 . x2 + 3&#215;4 . x + x2 + x<br \/>\n = 3&#215;6 + 3&#215;5 + x2 + x<\/p>\n<p> b) B(x) . C(x) = (x2 + x) . (x2 \u2013 x + 1)<br \/>\n = x2 . x2 \u2013 x2 . x + x2 . 1 + x . x2 \u2013 x . x + x . 1<br \/>\n = x4 \u2013 x3 + x2 + x3 \u2013 x2 + x + 1<br \/>\n = x4 + x + 1 bulunur.<\/p>\n<p> Polinomlarda \u00e7arpma i\u015fleminin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> 1. Kapal\u0131l\u0131k (iki polinomun \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 yine bir polinomdur.<br \/>\n 2. De\u011fi\u015fme \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r.<br \/>\n 3. Birle\u015fme \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r.<br \/>\n 4. \u00c7arpma i\u015fleminin birim (etkisiz) eleman\u0131 P(x) = 1 sabit polinomudur.<br \/>\n 5. Polinomlar k\u00fcmesinde \u00e7arpma i\u015flemine g\u00f6re baz\u0131 polinomlar\u0131n tersi yoktur.<br \/>\n Yani P(x) = x2 polinomunun tersi 1\/x2 ifadesi polinom de\u011fildir.<br \/>\n 6. Polinomlar k\u00fcmesinde \u00e7arpma i\u015fleminin toplama i\u015flemi \u00fczerine da\u011f\u0131lma \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r.<br \/>\n A(x) . (B(x) + C(x)) = A(x) . B(x) + A(x) . C(x)<\/p>\n<p> Polinomlar Halkas\u0131<\/p>\n<p> Toplama ve \u00e7arpma i\u015fleminin \u00f6zelliklerinden g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi R[x] polinomlar k\u00fcmesi;<br \/>\n 1. (R[x],+) sistemi de\u011fi\u015fmeli gruptur.<br \/>\n 2. R[x] k\u00fcmesi \u00e7arpma i\u015flemine g\u00f6re kapal\u0131 ve \u00e7arpma i\u015fleminin birle\u015fme \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r.<br \/>\n 3. R[x] k\u00fcmesinde \u00e7arpma i\u015fleminin toplama i\u015flemi \u00fczerinde da\u011f\u0131lma \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r.<br \/>\n O halde (R[x], + , . ) sistemi bir halkad\u0131r. Buna polinomlar halkas\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n<p> Polinomlarda B\u00f6lme \u0130\u015flemi<\/p>\n<p> A(x) polinomunun B(x) polinomuna b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc <\/p>\n<p> A(x) B(x)<br \/>\n \uf0ea T(x)<br \/>\n \uf0ea<br \/>\n .<br \/>\n -___________<br \/>\n R(x)<\/p>\n<p> Burada A(x) = B(x) . T(x) + R(x) \u015feklinde yaz\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n Bu b\u00f6lme i\u015flemi yap\u0131\u015f\u0131rken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlara dikkat edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p> 1. Polinomlar azalan kuvvetlerine g\u00f6re s\u0131ralanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n 2. B\u00f6l\u00fcnen polinomun derecesi b\u00f6len polinomun derecesinden b\u00fcy\u00fck olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n DerB(x) < derA(x)\n\n 3. Kalan\u0131n derecesi b\u00f6lenin derecesinden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n Der R(x) < der B(x)\n\n 4. R(x) = 0 ise A(x) polinomu B(x) polinomuna tam b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcyor denir.\n 5. der A(x) = der B(x) + der T(x)\n\n der = der A(x) \u2013 der B(x) dir.\n\n\n \u00d6rnek\n P(x) = x4-2x2 + x 5 polinomunu\n Q(x) = x2 + 3x \u2013 1 polinomuna b\u00f6lelim.\n\n x4 \u2013 2x2 + x + 5 x2 + 3x \u2013 1\n _____________ = x2\n x2- 3x + 8\n\n \u00b1 x4 \u00b1 3x3 \u00b1 x2 = -3x\n -__________________ \n -3x3 \u2013 x2 + x + 5 = 8\n \u00b13x3 \u00b1 9x2 \u00b13x\n -_________________\n 8x2 \u2013 2x + 5\n \u00b1 8x2 \u00b1 24x \u00b18\n -_________________\n - 26x + 13\n\n B\u00f6l\u00fcm : x2 \u2013 3x + 8\n Kalan : -26x + 13\n\n\n Horner Metodu\n\n B\u00f6len, birinci dereceden ya da birinci dereceden polinomlar\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyorsa bu metot uygulanabilir.\n\n \u00d6rnek\n Px3 + qx2 + nx + s polinomunu (x \u2013 a) \u2018 ya b\u00f6lelim.\n\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\n 1. B\u00f6l\u00fcnen polinomun katsay\u0131lar\u0131 x\u2019in azalan kuvvetlerine g\u00f6re s\u0131ralan\u0131r.\n 2. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn derecesi b\u00f6l\u00fcnenin derecesinden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00f6l\u00fcmde x3\u2019\u00fcn katsay\u0131s\u0131 0 olur.\n 3. p katsay\u0131s\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya aynen yaz\u0131l\u0131r.\n 4. a, p ile \u00e7arp\u0131l\u0131r, q\u2019nun alt\u0131na yaz\u0131larak toplan\u0131r. Ap + q olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131r.\n\n Bu i\u015fleme, kalan bulunana kadar devam edilir.\n px3 + qx2 + rx + s, x \u2013 a = 0 ise x = a\n\n \u00d6rnek\n P(x) = x4 \u2013 x3 + 3x + 4 polinomunun x \u2013 2\u2019ye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve kalan\u0131 horner metodu yard\u0131m\u0131yla bulunuz.\n\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\n P(x)\u2019in katsay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyip tabloda g\u00f6sterelim. Ayr\u0131ca x \u20132 = 0 \uf0de x = 2 \u2018yi yerine yazal\u0131m.\n\n B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn Katsay\u0131lar\u0131 Kalan\n\n\n\n -1 0 3 4\n 2 1 2 2 4 14\n 1 1 2 7 18\n\n B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn Katsay\u0131lar\u0131 Kalan\n\n B\u00f6l\u00fcm B(x) = x3 + x2 + 2x + 7\n Kalan R(x) = 18 bulunur.\n\n\n\n\n B\u00f6lme \u0130\u015flemi Yapmadan Kalan Bulma\n\n Bir P(x) Polinomunun x \u2013 a ile B\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinde Elde Edilen Kalan\n Bir P(x) polinomunun (x \u2013 a) ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden elde edilecek b\u00f6l\u00fcm Q(x) ve kalan k olsun. (x \u2013 a) birinci dereceden oldu\u011fundan, kalan sabit bir say\u0131d\u0131r. P(x) = (x \u2013 a) Q (x) + k e\u015fitli\u011fi her x i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Burada, x yerine a yazarsak P(a) = 0.Q(a) + k \uf0de P(a) = k bulunur.\n\n Bir P(x) polinomunun (x \u2013 a) ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden elde edilen kalan P(x) ya e\u015fittir. O halde, bir polinomun (x \u2013 a) ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden kalan\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in (x \u2013 a = 0 \uf0de x = a olur.) polinomda x yerine a de\u011feri yaz\u0131l\u0131r.\n\n \u00d6rnek\n P(x) = x2 \u2013 3x + 21 polinomunun (x \u2013 2) ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden elde edilen kalan\u0131 bulunuz.\n\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\n X \u2013 2 = 0 \uf0de x = 2 dir. Bulaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kalan P(2) olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6yleyse, P(2) = 22 \u2013 3 . 2 + 21 = 19 olur.\n\n Bir P(x) Polinomunun ax + b ile B\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden Elde Edilen Kalan\n B\u00f6len birinci dereceden oldu\u011fundan kalan yine sabit olur. B\u00f6len olarak (ax + b) polinomunu alal\u0131m. Bu durumda P(x) = (ax + b) Q (x) + k yaz\u0131l\u0131r.\n Ax + b = 0 \uf0de x = olur. Polinomda x yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131rsa P( ) = k bulunur. O halde, bir P(x) polinomunun (ax + b) ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden kalan\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in polinomda x yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131r.\n\n \u00d6rnek\n P(x) = x3 \u2013 4x + 1 polinomunun 2x \u2013 1 ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden kalan\u0131 bulunuz.\n\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\n P ( ) = - 4. + 1 = - 2 + 1 = olur.\n\n Bir P(x) Polinomunun x2 + a, x3 + a, x4 + a ile B\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden Elde Edilen Kalan\n P(x) polinomunun x2 + a ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden elde edilen kalan\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in polinomda x2 yerine \u2013a yaz\u0131l\u0131r.\n P(x) polinomunun x3 + a ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden elde edilen kalan\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in polinomda x3 yerine \u2013a yaz\u0131l\u0131r.\n P(x) polinomunun x4 + a ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden elde edilen kalan\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in polinomda x4 yerine \u2013a yaz\u0131l\u0131r.\n\n \u00d6rnek\n P(x) = x4 \u2013 x3 + x2 + 7x \u20131 polinomunun, x2 + 2 ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden kalan\u0131 bulunuz.\n\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\n \u0130stenen kalan\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in (x2 + 2 = 0 \uf0de x2 = -2) polinomda x2 yerine \u20132 yazar\u0131z.\n P(x) = x2 . x2 \u2013 x2 . x + x2 + 7x \u2013 1 olur.\n Kalan : (-2) ( -2) \u2013 (-2) . x \u2013 2 + 7x \u2013 1 = 4 + 2x + 7x \u2013 3 = 9x + 1 bulunur.\n\n Bir Polinomun (x \u2013 a) (x \u2013 b) ile B\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden Elde Edilen B\u00f6l\u00fcm ve Kalan\n Bir P(x) polinomunun (x \u2013 a) . (x \u2013 b) ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini Horner y\u00f6ntemi ile yapabiliriz. Verilen P(x) polinomu \u00f6nce (x \u2013 a) ile b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr, sonra elde edilen b\u00f6l\u00fcm (x \u2013 b) ile b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr.\n\n \u00d6rnek\n Bir P(x) polinomunun (x + 3) (x \u2013 2) ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden kalan\u0131 bulunuz.\n\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\n (x + 3) (x \u2013 2) polinomu 2. dereceden oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, kalan polinom en fazla 1. derecedendir. Kalan polinom K(x) = ax + b bi\u00e7imindedir. B\u00f6l\u00fcm \u00f6zde\u015fli\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131rsa,\n P(x) = (x + 3) (x \u2013 2) B(x) + ax + b bi\u00e7iminde olur.\n P(-3) = -5 ve P(2) = 4 oldu\u011fu veriliyor.\n P(-3) = (-3 + 3) (-3 \u20132) . B (-3) \u20133a +b \uf0de P(-3) = -3a + b\n P(2) = (2 + 3) (2 \u2013 2) . B(2) + \u2018a +b \uf0de P(2) = 2a +b olur.\n\n -3a + b = -5\n 2a + b = 4\n denklem sistemi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcrse, a = ve b = olur. Buradan, K(x) = x + bulunur.\n\n \u00d6rnek\n Bir P(x) polinomunun x2 + 2 ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden kalan \u20132x + 6 ve P(x) polinomunun kat say\u0131lar\u0131 toplam\u0131 7 ise bu P(x) polinomunun (x2 + 2) (x \u2013 1) ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden kalan\u0131 bulunuz.\n\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\n Bir P(x) polinomunun kat say\u0131lar\u0131 toplam\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in polinomda x yerine 1 yaz\u0131l\u0131r. P(1) verilen polinomun kat say\u0131lar\u0131 toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Burada, P(1) = 7 veriliyor. Di\u011fer taraftan kalan, en fazla 2. dereceden ax2 + bx + c bi\u00e7iminde olur. B\u00f6lmenin \u00f6zde\u015fli\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131rsa;\n P(x) = (x2 + 2) (x \u2013 1) b(x) + ax2 + bx + c olur. Polinomda,\n x = 1 i\u00e7in P(19 = (1 + 2) . (1 \u2013 1) . B(1) + a + b + c = a + b + c = 7 ve\n x2 = -2 yaz\u0131l\u0131rsa, -2a + bx + c = - 2x + 6 olur.\n bx + c \u2013 2a = -2x + 6 \uf0de b = -2 ve c-2a = 6 olur. Ayr\u0131ca, b = -2 ise a + b + c = 7 den \n a \u2013 2 + c = 7 \uf0de a + c = 9 dur.\n c - 2a = 6\n a + c = 9\n Sistemi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcrse, a = 1, c = 8 bulunur. Oyleyse, K(x) = x2 \u2013 2x + 8 olur.\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Polinomlarla \u0130lgili Temel Kavramlar: a0, a1, a2, &#8230;.an-1, an \uf0ce R ve n \uf0ce N olmak \u00fczere, P(x) = an xn + an-1 xn-1 + &#8230;. + a1 x + a0 \u015feklindeki ifadelere x de\u011fi\u015fkenine ba\u011fl\u0131, reel katsay\u0131l\u0131 n\u2019inci dereceden bir polinom denir. 1. an xn, an-1 xn-1, &#8230;., ak xk, &#8230;.., ayx, a0 ifadelerinin &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1404,1403],"tags":[7399,10025,10026,10027],"class_list":["post-4622","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-matematik-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-polinomlar","tag-polinomlarla-ilgili-temel-kavramlar","tag-sabit-polinom","tag-sifir-polinomu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4622","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4622"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4622\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}