1-T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE N\u00dcFUS ARTI\u015eI<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin n\u00fcfusu, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda 16 milyon dolay\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda cephede verilen \u015fehitler, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar ve sava\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli olumsuz ko\u015fullar\u0131, n\u00fcfusumuzun daha da azalmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Onun i\u00e7in 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda \u00fclke n\u00fcfusu, 13,6 milyona d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130kinci genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda (1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda) \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun tekrar 16 milyona ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tarihten sonra n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131, sonu 0 ve 5 ile biten y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1990\u2019dan sonraki say\u0131mlar art\u0131k 10 y\u0131lda yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.
\n 1927-1997 aras\u0131ndaki \u00fclke n\u00fcfussunun \u00f6zellikleri \u015fu ba\u015fl\u0131klarla belirtilebilir.
\n – N\u00fcfus h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artmaktad\u0131r.
\n – Erkek n\u00fcfus kad\u0131n n\u00fcfustan fazlad\u0131r.
\n – N\u00fcfus e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyi giderek y\u00fckselmektedir.
\n – Ortalama insan \u00f6mr\u00fc giderek uzamaktad\u0131r.
\n – Kentsel n\u00fcfus h\u0131zla artmaktad\u0131r.
\n – \u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7ler yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Say\u0131m y\u0131llar\u0131na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusu
\n Say\u0131m Y\u0131llar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye N\u00fcfusu Say\u0131m Y\u0131llar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye N\u00fcfusu
\n 1927 13 648 200 1965 31 391 400
\n 1935 16 158 000 1970 35 605 100
\n 1940 17 820 900 1975 40 347 700
\n 1945 18 790 200 1980 44 736 700
\n 1950 20 947 200 1985 50 664 400
\n 1955 24 064 700 1990 56 473 035
\n 1960 27 754 800 1997 62 865 574<\/p>\n
1927\u2019den 1997\u2019ye kadar T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusu 49,2 milyon artm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yani n\u00fcfusumuz 70 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir d\u00f6nemde be\u015f kat\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1927-1990 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki sekiz y\u0131ll\u0131k devrede art\u0131\u015f, 2,5 milyon olmu\u015ftur. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesinin olumsuz ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle art\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131n olumsuz etkileri 1940-1945 devresindeki n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na da yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7in bu devredeki art\u0131\u015f, bir milyonun alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 1945\u2019ten sonraki say\u0131m devrelerindeki art\u0131\u015f, bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemden daha fazla olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
2- T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE N\u00dcFUS ARTI\u015eININ NEDENLER\u0130<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenleri \u015fu ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda toplana bilir:
\n – Do\u011furganl\u0131k oran\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi
\n – \u00c7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin azalmas\u0131
\n – Beslenme ve sa\u011fl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fmesi ve ortalama insan \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn uzamas\u0131.
\n – G\u00f6\u00e7 alma<\/p>\n
Do\u011furganl\u0131k oran\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi: Do\u011furganl\u0131k, do\u011fum yapabilecek \u00e7a\u011fdaki (15-49 ya\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131) kad\u0131nlar\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu ortalama \u00e7ocuk say\u0131s\u0131 ile ifade edilebilir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de do\u011fum oran\u0131, kalk\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re 2-3 kat daha fazlad\u0131r. Yurt genelinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman k\u0131rsal kesimdeki do\u011fum oran\u0131 kentlere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r. Bu da e\u011fitimin yeterli d\u00fczeyde olmamas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur. Nitekim Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgelerinde okuma-yazma oranlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Halk, aile pl\u00e2nlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli bilgi ve imkanlara sahip olmamaktad\u0131r. K\u0131rsal kesimde do\u011fum oran\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sebebi de geleneksel aile kavram\u0131d\u0131r. Ailelerin ( \u00f6zellikle erkek say\u0131s\u0131n) kalabal\u0131k olmas\u0131, k\u0131rsal kesimde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc prestij sahibi olman\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak kabul edilir. Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da ayn\u0131 soyad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan binlerce ki\u015filik a\u015firetlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun bir g\u00f6stergesidir.
\n \u00c7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin azalmas\u0131: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden birisidir. \u00c7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmleri son y\u0131llar\u0131 da h\u0131zla azalmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc anneler \u00e7ocuk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda bilgilendirilmektedir. Bu ma\u00e7la yurdun her k\u00f6\u015fesinde ana ve \u00e7ocuk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkezleri kurulmu\u015ftur. \u00c7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin azalmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir nedeni de beslenme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesidir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine neden olan hastal\u0131klar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n uygulamas\u0131 da, bu konudaki \u00f6nemli etkenlerden biridir.
\n Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve beslenme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fmesi ve ortalama insan \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn uzamas\u0131: H\u0131zla kalk\u0131nmakta olan \u00fclkemizde sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri de h\u0131zla iyile\u015fmektedir. Say\u0131lar\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artan hastane, sa\u011fl\u0131k oca\u011f\u0131, poliklinik, dispanser ve \u00f6zel muayenehaneler gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131, \u00fclkenin her yerine sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri yaymaktad\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131k teknisyeni, sa\u011fl\u0131k memuru ve hem\u015fire gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndaki tedavi hizmetleri, \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltm\u0131\u015f ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Tar\u0131m, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve sanayi sayesinde \u00fclkemizdeki beslenme ko\u015fullar\u0131 h\u0131zla iyile\u015fmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca sanayi, ula\u015f\u0131m, turizm, ticaret gibi daha pek \u00e7ok konuda yurdumuzun top yek\u00fcn kalk\u0131nmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk insan\u0131n\u0131n refah d\u00fczeyini y\u00fckseltmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn olarak iyile\u015fen ya\u015fama ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve y\u00fckselen ln\u00fcfusun artmas\u0131na belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye ve baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde insan \u00f6mr\u00fc (Y\u0131l)
\n \u00dclke \u0130nsan \u00f6mr\u00fc \u00dclke \u0130nsan \u00f6mr\u00fc
\n T\u00fcrkiye 65-70 Hindistan 45-50
\n Japonya 75-80 Pakistan 50-55
\n \u0130sve\u00e7 70-75 Banglade\u015f 40-45
\n ABD 75 Sudan 40-45
\n Azerbaycan 71 Kazakistan 69
\n \u00d6zbekistan 69 T\u00fcrkmenistan 65<\/p>\n
Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7 alma: T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusunun artmas\u0131nda, d\u0131\u015ftan gelen g\u00f6\u00e7lerin de pay\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi gibi ; Balkan \u00fclkeleri, Kafkas \u00fclkeleri, Kuzey Afrika \u00fclkeleri ve Ege adalar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 devleti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeydi. Buralarda ki \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fclke, yak\u0131n bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar sonucu, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu \u00fclkelerde \u00e7ok say\u0131da T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu bulunmaktayd\u0131. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ( Yunanistan, Bulgaristan ve SSCB gibi) T\u00fcrkler \u00e7e\u015fitli bask\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00fclkelerde ki T\u00fcrklerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 gerek ikili anla\u015fmalar sayesinde de\u011fi\u015f-toku\u015f yoluyla, gerekse di\u011fer yollardan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir. Cumhuriyet sonras\u0131nda (1923-1989) 2,2 milyon T\u00fcrk, d\u0131\u015fardan g\u00f6\u00e7 yaparak anavatana gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Tablo 5: Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik g\u00f6\u00e7ler
\n G\u00f6\u00e7 veren \u00fclke 1923-1989
\n Bulgaristan 961 000
\n Eski Yugoslavya 562 000
\n Yunanistan 424 600
\n Romanya 210 100
\n K\u0131br\u0131s 30 200
\n S.S.C.B. 2 800
\n Afganistan 4 400
\n Di\u011fer \u00fclkeler 50 000
\n Toplam 2 255 800<\/p>\n
1927-1990 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusunda ki 43 milyonluk art\u0131\u015f\u0131n 2.2 milyonu (yakla\u015f\u0131k %5\u2019i ) d\u0131\u015ftan gelen g\u00f6\u00e7lerle kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara ek olarak 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hatay\u2019\u0131n anavatana kat\u0131lmas\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusunun art\u0131\u015f\u0131na bir miktar etkide bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu sayede, 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda 208 116 ki\u015fi T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusuna eklenmi\u015ftir. Bu da o zaman ki n\u00fcfusun %1\u2019inden biraz daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1-T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE N\u00dcFUS ARTI\u015eI T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin n\u00fcfusu, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda 16 milyon dolay\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda cephede verilen \u015fehitler, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar ve sava\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli olumsuz ko\u015fullar\u0131, n\u00fcfusumuzun daha da azalmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Onun i\u00e7in 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda \u00fclke n\u00fcfusu, 13,6 milyona d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130kinci genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda (1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda) \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun tekrar …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[10046,10049,10047,10048,10045,10044],"class_list":["post-4636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-1-dunya-savasi","tag-dogurganlik-orani","tag-erkek-nufus","tag-kadin-nufus","tag-turkiyenin-nufusu","tag-turkiyede-nufus-artisi-ve-sebepleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4636","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4636"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4636\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4636"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4636"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4636"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}