ULA\u015eIM
\n\u0130nsanlar\u0131n \u00fcrettikleri \u00e7e\u015fitli ham ve i\u015flenmi\u015f maddelerin, haberlerin bir yerden ba\u015fka bir yere nakledilmesine ula\u015f\u0131m veya ula\u015ft\u0131rma denilmektedir.
\nKARA YOLLARI
\n\u00dclkemizde en yayg\u0131n olan ula\u015f\u0131m t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n % 70’i, yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da %90’\u0131 karayolu ile yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 1950’li y\u0131llardan sonra, karayolu yap\u0131m\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f ve ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkemizdeki en i\u015flek karayollar\u0131, Edirne, \u0130stanbul, Ankara, Adana aras\u0131 ile \u0130stanbul, Bursa, \u0130zmir aras\u0131 ve \u0130zmir, Ayd\u0131n, Denizli aras\u0131d\u0131r. Modern karayolu olan otoyollar \u00fclkemizde sadece Edirne, \u0130stanbul, Bolu ve Ankara aras\u0131nda,Adana, Hatay \u00e7evresinde ve \u0130zmir \u00e7evresinde bulunur.
\nDEN\u0130Z YOLLARI
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131n\u0131n denizlerle \u00e7evrili olmas\u0131 ve iki \u00f6nemli bo\u011faza sahip olmas\u0131, denizcilik alan\u0131nda geli\u015fmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. D\u00fcnya ticaretinde en fazla kullan\u0131lan yol deniz yoludur. Bu nedenle, \u00fclkemizde deniz yolunun ve limanlar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekmektedir. 8333 km k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridine sahip olan \u00fclkemizde, b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenli ve tarifeli yolcu ve y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hen\u00fcz ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir.
\nD\u00fcnya deniz ticaret filosundaki pay\u0131m\u0131z %1’e dahi ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat, son y\u0131llarda sanayi ve ticaretin geli\u015fmesiyle, limanlar\u0131m\u0131zdaki indirilen – bindirilen y\u00fckte 8 – 10 katl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar olmu\u015ftur.
\nHAVA YOLLARI
\n\u00dclkemiz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda en az pay\u0131 olan ula\u015f\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, hava yolu ile ula\u015f\u0131m y\u00fcksek sermaye ve teknoloji gerektirmektedir.
\nSon y\u0131llarda, T\u00fcrk hava yollar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, \u00f6zel hava yolu \u015firketlerinin kurulmas\u0131 hava yolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli art\u0131\u015flar meydana getirmi\u015ftir.
\n\u00dclkemizde en i\u015flek olan hava limanlar\u0131m\u0131z \u0130stanbul (ye\u015filk\u00f6y), Ankara (Esenbo\u011fa), \u0130zmir (A. Menderes) dedir. Bunun yan\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok i\u00e7 hat seferleri yap\u0131lan Adana, Antalya, Dalaman, Bodrum, Diyarbak\u0131r, Erzurum, Malatya, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Van, Samsun, Trabzon gibi, 25 ayr\u0131 il merkezinde hava alan\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r
\nT\u0130CARET
\n\u00dcretilen mal ve hizmetlerin al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131lmas\u0131na ticaret denir. \u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f ticaret olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.
\n\u0130\u00c7 T\u0130CARET
\n\u00dclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, b\u00f6lge ve b\u00f6l\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ticarete i\u00e7 ticaret denir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7ok canl\u0131 bir ticaret vard\u0131r. Bunda etkili olan fakt\u00f6rler \u015funlard\u0131r:
\nSanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n dengesiz da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131
\nB\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131nda yeti\u015fen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131
\nN\u00fcfusun dengesiz da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131
\nHayvansal maddelerin her yerde \u00fcretilememesi
\n\u00dclkemizde baz\u0131 il merkezleri ticaret \u015fehirleri \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunlar, \u0130stanbul, Bursa, \u0130zmit, \u0130zmir, Denizli, Adana, GaziAntep, Diyarbak\u0131r, Ankara, Konya, Kayseri, Samsun, Trabzon, Erzurum ve Malatya gibi illerdir. Bu merkezlerde ticaretin geli\u015fmesinde, ula\u015f\u0131m yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunmalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi olmu\u015ftur.
\n\u0130hracat (D\u0131\u015f sat\u0131m): Bir \u00fclkenin ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130thalat (D\u0131\u015f al\u0131m): Bir \u00fclkenin ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mallara denir.
\nDI\u015e T\u0130CARET
\nBir \u00fclkenin ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fe d\u0131\u015f ticaret denir. D\u0131\u015f ticaretin para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u0131\u015f ticaret hacmi denir. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde d\u0131\u015f ticaret hacmi fazla, geli\u015fmemi\u015f \u00fclkelerde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Yine, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde ihracat, genelde ithalattan daha fazlad\u0131r. Bu \u00fclkeler d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan daha \u00e7ok hammadde al\u0131p d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya i\u015flenmi\u015f sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri satarlar. Az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler ise d\u0131\u015fardan daha \u00e7ok i\u015flenmi\u015f sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri al\u0131p, d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri veya ham maddeler satarlar.
\nT\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE DI\u015e T\u0130CARET
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00e7ok az olan d\u0131\u015f ticaret hacmi, artan n\u00fcfus ve canlanan ekonomiye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.
\n1980’li y\u0131llara kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de,
\nD\u0131\u015f ticaret hacmi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, ihracatta tar\u0131m ve maden \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, ithalatta ise daha \u00e7ok i\u015flenmi\u015f sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00f6nemliydi.
\n1980’li y\u0131llardan sonra, d\u0131\u015f ticaret hacmi artt\u0131. \u0130hracatta sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin pay\u0131 % 90 lara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130thalatta ise fabrika kuracak aletlerin, yat\u0131r\u0131m mallar\u0131n\u0131n ve hammaddelerin oran\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBa\u015fl\u0131ca \u0130hra\u00e7 \u00dcr\u00fcnlerimiz
\nTar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (Pamuk, f\u0131nd\u0131k, t\u00fct\u00fcn, baklagiller, kuru ve ya\u015f meyveler)
\nDokuma ve tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnleri
\nHayvan ve hayvansal \u00fcr\u00fcnler (Deri, yumurta, y\u00fcn, tiftik)
\nBitkisel ya\u011flar
\nBaz\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 t\u00fcketim mallar\u0131 (Televizyon, buzdolab\u0131, vs.)
\n\u0130pekli dokuma ve giyim e\u015fyalar\u0131
\nMobilya, \u00e7imento, cam ve seramik \u00fcr\u00fcnleri
\nMadenler (krom, bak\u0131r, c\u0131va, demir, bor, tuz)
\nBa\u015fl\u0131ca \u0130thal \u00dcr\u00fcnlerimiz
\nFabrika kurmaya yarayan aletler, ham petrol, ila\u00e7 ve kimyasal maddeler, elektronik ara\u00e7lar, motorlu ara\u00e7lar, silah, optik ara\u00e7lar, tropikal \u00fcr\u00fcnler (muz, kahve, hurma, pirin\u00e7)
\nD\u0131\u015f ticaretimizde \u00f6nemli \u00fclkeler
\nAlmanya (en fazla), ABD, \u0130talya, \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, Hollanda, Bel\u00e7ika, Japonya, \u0130ran, Suudi Arabistan ve son y\u0131llarda Rusya Federasyonu, G\u00fcrcistan ve Orta Asya \u00fclkeleri (Kazakistan, Azerbaycan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Tacikistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan)
\n\u00dclkemizde son y\u0131llarda uygulanmak istenen di\u011fer bir ticaret \u015fekli de serbest ticarettir. Serbest ticarette \u00fclkeler \u00fcrettikleri \u00e7e\u015fitli mallar\u0131, belli yerlerde kurulacak pazarlarda g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi \u00f6demeden pazarlamaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde serbest ticaret b\u00f6lgesi olarak \u015fu anda \u0130stanbul, Mersin, \u0130zmir, \u0130skenderun, Antalya ve Trabzon illeri belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ULA\u015eIM \u0130nsanlar\u0131n \u00fcrettikleri \u00e7e\u015fitli ham ve i\u015flenmi\u015f maddelerin, haberlerin bir yerden ba\u015fka bir yere nakledilmesine ula\u015f\u0131m veya ula\u015ft\u0131rma denilmektedir. KARA YOLLARI \u00dclkemizde en yayg\u0131n olan ula\u015f\u0131m t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n % 70’i, yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da %90’\u0131 karayolu ile yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 1950’li y\u0131llardan sonra, karayolu yap\u0131m\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f ve ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkemizdeki en i\u015flek karayollar\u0131, Edirne, \u0130stanbul, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[10081,10082,10080],"class_list":["post-4655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-karayolu","tag-turk-hava-yollari","tag-turkiyede-ulasim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4655","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4655"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4655\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4655"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4655"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4655"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}