Su B\u00fct\u00e7esi
\n Yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 milyon kilometre karelik d\u00fcnya topra\u011f\u0131na, dengesiz bi\u00e7imde da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, en de\u011ferli do\u011fal kaynak sudur. \u00c7\u00f6l ve kutup b\u00f6lgelerinin kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 75 milyon km\u00b2\u2019lik kesimde hi\u00e7 su yoktur. \u0130\u00e7imlik sular\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde ya\u015fayan insan say\u0131s\u0131 1.8 milyar ki\u015fidir. 2.4 milyar ki\u015fi ise her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 i\u00e7me suyu donan\u0131m\u0131ndan yoksundur. D\u00fcnyada her y\u0131l 20 milyon ki\u015fi pis su y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ya da su yetmezli\u011finden kaynaklanan hastal\u0131klardan \u00f6l\u00fcyor. Azalan su kaynaklar\u0131 ile gittik\u00e7e \u00e7o\u011falan insan\u0131 beslemek i\u00e7in tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini \u00fcretmek olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r. Y\u0131llar ilerledik\u00e7e su t\u00fcketimi de artmaktad\u0131r. 1950\u2019de 1000 km3\/y\u0131l olan t\u00fcketim, 1991\u2019de 4000 km3\/y\u0131l\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 40 y\u0131ll\u0131k aral\u0131kta su t\u00fcketimi d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 2 kat\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu h\u0131z\u0131 artt\u0131ranlar \u00e7ift\u00e7i ve sanayicilerdir.<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki sular\u0131n %97\u2019si okyanuslardad\u0131r. Geri kalan %3 suyun, %79\u2019u (toplam\u0131n %2.37\u2019si) buzullarda, %20\u2019si (toplam\u0131n %0.6\u2019s\u0131) yeralt\u0131nda, %1\u2019i (toplam\u0131n %0.03\u2019\u00fc) y\u00fczeyde yer al\u0131r. Y\u00fczey sular\u0131n\u0131n %52\u2019si g\u00f6llerde, %38\u2019i yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki nemde, %8\u2019i atmosferdeki su buhar\u0131nda, %1\u2019i nehirlerde ve %1\u2019i de canl\u0131 organizmas\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Su t\u00fcketininin %70\u2019i tar\u0131msal ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131mla gider. Bunun %40\u2019\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f sulama y\u00f6ntemi nedeniyle yitiriliyor. M\u00b2 ba\u015f\u0131na ola\u011fan sulama 1 m3\/y\u0131l (ya da 3 lt\/g\u00fcn)\u2019d\u00fcr. Bu sulama h\u0131z\u0131nda dahi, su s\u0131\u011f\u0131 derinlikte buharla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in toprakta tuz b\u0131rakarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fcbre ve tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131 ile \u00e7orakla\u015fmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ormanlar\u0131n h\u0131zla kesilmesi ile dengesiz su ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile geli\u015fen a\u015f\u0131nma gelecek 40 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyada ekilebilir topraklar\u0131n %30\u2019unun yitirilmesine neden olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Su B\u00fct\u00e7esi
\n \u00dclkelere g\u00f6re ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131ll\u0131k su t\u00fcketimi; ABD\u2019de 2200 m3\/y\u0131l (6000 lt\/g\u00fcn), Fransa\u2019da 725 m3\/y\u0131l (2000 lt\/g\u00fcn), T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 182 m3\/y\u0131l (500 lt\/g\u00fcn), Gana\u2019da 30 m3\/y\u0131l (82 lt\/g\u00fcn)\u2019d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de suyun 350 lt\/g\u00fcn\u2019\u00fc tar\u0131mda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re; 150 lt\/g\u00fcn\u2019\u00fc temizlik, i\u00e7imlik ve sanayide kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Geli\u015fmi\u015flik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7in bir ki\u015finin temizlik ve i\u00e7imlik su gereksinmesi 200 lt\/g\u00fcn\u2019d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki su \u00fcretimi, orman ve otlaklardan 108 milyar m3\/y\u0131l\u2019d\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n 64 milyar m3\u2019\u00fc (%59) barajlardan, 9.5 m3\u2019\u00fc (%8.8) yeralt\u0131sular\u0131ndan, 34.5 milyar m3\u2019\u00fc (%32) akarsu ve g\u00f6llerden sa\u011flan\u0131r. Bu sular 3.8 milyon hektarl\u0131k sulu tar\u0131m alan\u0131nda sulama, 35.000 MW\u2019l\u0131k hidroelektrik santrallerde enerji \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in ve yerle\u015fim-sanayi alanlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Sudan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen enerjinin toplam enerji i\u00e7inde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 oran %14.4 olup, di\u011fer kaynaklar; odun %19.2, ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc %7.1, linyit k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc %37.7, asfaltit %5, petrol %11, tezek bitki %9.3, do\u011falgaz %0.6, jeotermal enerji %0.05\u2019tir.<\/p>\n
KAPLICA TUR\u0130ZM\u0130
\n \u0130nsanlar en \u00e7ok paray\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 50 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra t\u00fcketmektedirler. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de deprem ku\u015faklar\u0131 boyunca ve her deprem oldu\u011funda kapl\u0131ca k\u0131zg\u0131n suyu ve k\u0131zg\u0131n kuru kayalar vard\u0131r ve olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fclkemiz yap\u0131lacak yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla bir Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00dclkesi\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek yaz-k\u0131\u015f gezginlere, sa\u011falt\u0131m yumu\u015fu (hizmeti) vererek \u00fclkeye d\u00f6viz kazand\u0131rabilir. Bu t\u00fcr ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve kurgulara (tesislere) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fcremli bor\u00e7land\u0131rma ile destek olunmal\u0131 ve 10 y\u0131l vergi ve geri \u00f6deme al\u0131nmamal\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Su B\u00fct\u00e7esi Yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 milyon kilometre karelik d\u00fcnya topra\u011f\u0131na, dengesiz bi\u00e7imde da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, en de\u011ferli do\u011fal kaynak sudur. \u00c7\u00f6l ve kutup b\u00f6lgelerinin kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 75 milyon km\u00b2\u2019lik kesimde hi\u00e7 su yoktur. \u0130\u00e7imlik sular\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde ya\u015fayan insan say\u0131s\u0131 1.8 milyar ki\u015fidir. 2.4 milyar ki\u015fi ise her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 i\u00e7me suyu donan\u0131m\u0131ndan yoksundur. D\u00fcnyada her y\u0131l 20 milyon …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[4483,10143,10142,3670],"class_list":["post-4691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-bitki","tag-turkiyenin-su-butcesi","tag-turkiyenin-su-varligi","tag-yeryuzu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4691"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4691\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}