Jeolojideki anlam\u0131yla yer \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 (jeotermal \u0131s\u0131) gezegenin i\u00e7indeki \u0131s\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131na de\u011finir. Genelde Yer’e atfen kullan\u0131lsa da di\u011fer gezegenlere de uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, Yer y\u00fczeyine metre kare ba\u015f\u0131na ortalama 1370 watt kadar enerji ta\u015f\u0131r. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7te birden biraz fazlas\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu atmosferden olmak \u00fczere, yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131, atmosfer ve yer y\u00fczeyinde so\u011furulduktan sonra yer kabu\u011fu, okyanuslar, canl\u0131lar ve atmosferin de\u011fi\u015fik tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k bir mekanizma ile yeniden k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m \u015feklinde uzaya kaybedilir. Bu sistem i\u00e7erisinde, yer y\u00fczeyinin ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 14oC civar\u0131nda sabit kal\u0131r. Yer k\u00fcrenin derinliklerine inildik\u00e7e artan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n nedeni ise gezegenin i\u00e7indeki bir \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Sondaj \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli derinliklerde yap\u0131lan s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri ile yer kabu\u011funu olu\u015fturan kayalar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 iletkenli\u011fi bir arada de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde yerk\u00fcre derinliklerinden gelen \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 0,05-0,1 watt\/m2 kadar oldu\u011fu hesaplan\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015ften ald\u0131klar\u0131 enerjinin kat kat fazlas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 yayan gaz devleri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan bu \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131, Yer’in g\u00fcne\u015ften ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerjinin ancak 20.000’de biri d\u00fczeyinde olsa da gezegen merkezinde 5000oC’yi a\u015fan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flayabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Is\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131<\/p>\n
Yer’in i\u00e7 \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan g\u00f6zlemlere dayanarak belirlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmasa da, eldeki verilerin birle\u015ftirilmesi sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan modeller, de\u011fi\u015fik mekanizmalar\u0131n rollerinin belirlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur:<\/p>\n
Yer’in olu\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n
G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’nin olu\u015ftu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde, birle\u015ferek yerk\u00fcreyi meydana getiren \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7an\u0131n beraberlerinde getirdi\u011fi enerjidir. Par\u00e7ac\u0131klar, \u00e7arp\u0131\u015farak yava\u015flamalar\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan kinetik enerjileri yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yeni olu\u015fan gezegenin k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fc etkisiyle merkezi etraf\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan potansiyel enerji sayesinde, s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flar, i\u00e7lerindeki daha a\u011f\u0131r bile\u015fenler gezegenin merkezine do\u011fru \u00e7\u00f6kerken, hafif bile\u015fenler y\u00fczeye yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7\u00f6kme s\u0131ras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, gezegenin b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e artan \u00e7ekim nedeniyle s\u0131k\u0131\u015farak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi sonucunda da bir miktar daha potansiyel enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 4,6-3,8 milyar y\u0131llar aras\u0131nda yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcren kozmik \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde aral\u0131klarla yeni \u0131s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. ‘Fosil \u0131s\u0131’ olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek bu \u0131s\u0131, yerk\u00fcrenin katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n erken d\u00f6nemdeki farkl\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131nda birinci derecede sorumlu g\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte, hesaplamalar, bilinen kay\u0131p h\u0131z\u0131 ile bug\u00fcne dek \u00f6nemini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yitirmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 \u00e7ekirde\u011fin kristalizasyonu<\/p>\n
Tam olarak kan\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015f bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, yer \u00e7ekirde\u011finin \u00f6ncelikle homojen bir demir-nikel-oksijen-k\u00fck\u00fcrt kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sonradan bu s\u0131v\u0131 ortam i\u00e7inde demir ve nikelden olu\u015fan i\u00e7 \u00e7ekirde\u011fin bir kristal gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek kat\u0131 hale ge\u00e7ti\u011fini varsayar. Faz de\u011fi\u015ftirme s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131 ve daha yo\u011fun olan demirin derine do\u011fru hareketi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan potansiyel enerji kuramsal olarak yerk\u00fcrenin toplam enerjisine katk\u0131da bulunmakla birlikte pay\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck olamayaca\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gel git etkileri<\/p>\n
Ay ve G\u00fcne\u015f’in \u00e7ekim etkilerinin (gel git) Yer’in kendi \u00e7evresinde d\u00f6nme d\u00fczeni \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7 gerilimler ve s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmelere neden olur. J\u00fcpiter’in Galilei uydular\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc olan bu etkenin yerk\u00fcre i\u00e7in birinci derecede bir \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Radyoaktif bozulma<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yerk\u00fcrenin \u00f6nde gelen i\u00e7 \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, gezegen bile\u015fiminde bulunan radyoaktif elementlerin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan enerji oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunlar\u0131n \u00f6nde gelenleri uranyum, toryum, potasyum, rubidyum ve radon izotoplar\u0131d\u0131r (238U, 235U, 232Th, 40K, 87Rb, 222Rn). Potasyumun izotoplar\u0131ndan 40K, Yer tarihinin erken d\u00f6nemlerinde en \u00f6nemli \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 iken, yar\u0131 \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131sa olmas\u0131 nedeniyle bug\u00fcn pay\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Jeolojideki anlam\u0131yla yer \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 (jeotermal \u0131s\u0131) gezegenin i\u00e7indeki \u0131s\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131na de\u011finir. Genelde Yer’e atfen kullan\u0131lsa da di\u011fer gezegenlere de uygulanabilir. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, Yer y\u00fczeyine metre kare ba\u015f\u0131na ortalama 1370 watt kadar enerji ta\u015f\u0131r. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7te birden biraz fazlas\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu atmosferden olmak \u00fczere, yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131, atmosfer ve yer y\u00fczeyinde so\u011furulduktan sonra yer kabu\u011fu, okyanuslar, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2796,7545,10195,2762,10194,5002,2267,10196,4739,2714,3605,10193],"class_list":["post-4724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-atmosfer","tag-gunes-isinlari","tag-isi-kaynaklari","tag-jeoloji","tag-jeotermal-isi","tag-potansiyel-enerji","tag-potasyum","tag-radyoaktif-bozulma","tag-rubidyum","tag-toryum","tag-uranyum","tag-yer-isisi-nedir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4724"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4724\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4724"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4724"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}