T\u00dcRK\u0130YE \u0130KL\u0130M\u0130N\u0130 ETK\u0130LEYEN FAKT\u00d6RLER<\/p>\n
1-MATEMAT\u0130K KONUM:T\u00fcrkiye matematik konum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kuzeyden gelen so\u011fuk hava k\u00fctleleri ile g\u00fcneyden s\u0131cak hava k\u00fctlelerinin etkisinde kal\u0131r. Orta Ku\u015fakta yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, 4 mevsim belirgin olarak ya\u015fan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2-\u00d6ZEL KONUM:<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde \u00e7e\u015fitli iklim tiplerinin olu\u015fumunda fiziki co\u011frafya \u00f6zelliklerinden kaynaklanana \u00f6zel konumun etkileri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
a-Etraf\u0131ndaki denizlerin etkisi: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7evresindeki denizlerin s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli etkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7 kesimlere g\u00f6re daha ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131, nemli ve \u0131l\u0131k \u00f6zelliktedir.B\u00fct\u00fcn denizlerimiz b\u00f6lgelerimizin ilklimi \u00fczerinde son derece etkilidir. Karadeniz \u00fczerinden gelen nemli hava k\u0131y\u0131da bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015fa neden olur. Ege denizi, Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda meltem r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Anadolu\u2019yu \u00e7evreleyen bu denizler k\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesini engellemektedir. <\/p>\n
b-Denize olan uzakl\u0131k(Karasall\u0131k): K\u0131y\u0131lardan i\u00e7 kesimlere gidildik\u00e7e, nemin azalmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma ve so\u011fuma \u00f6zellikleri artmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece y\u0131ll\u0131k ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. Yaz mevsiminde Anadolu\u2019nun i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131, ayn\u0131 y\u00fckseklikteki k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerimize g\u00f6re daha fazla \u0131s\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.Sebebi; nemin olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma.Yaz\u0131n i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerimizin fazla \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131, ormanlar\u0131 ve tar\u0131msal bitkilerin yeti\u015fme s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n dikey y\u00f6nde y\u00fckselmesinde neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
c-Etraf\u0131ndaki kara k\u00fctlelerinin etkisi: Avrupa-Asya k\u0131tas\u0131 \u00fczerinde so\u011fuk, Afrika ile Arabistan \u00e7\u00f6llerinde ise s\u0131cak ve kuru hava k\u00fctleleri olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu hava k\u00fctleleri mevsimlere g\u00f6re \u00fclkemizi etkilemektedir.k\u0131\u015f\u0131n Sibirya ve Balkanlardan gelen hava k\u00fctleleri, yaz\u0131n Afrika ve Arabistan\u2019dan gelen hava k\u00fctleleri etkili olur.<\/p>\n
d-Etraf\u0131ndaki Bas\u0131n\u00e7 Maddelerinin etkisi:<\/p>\n
Yaz durumu: Bu mevsimde \u00fclkemiz Atlas okyanusu \u00fczerindeki Asar Y. Bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile Basra al\u00e7ak bas\u0131nc\u0131 etkisindedir.genel olarak kuzeybat\u0131dan g\u00fcneydo\u011fuya hava ak\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fur. Marmara ve Ege\u2019de s\u0131cakl\u0131k biraz d\u00fc\u015fer. \u00d6te yandan Afrika ve Arabistan\u2019dan gelen s\u0131cak hava nedeniyle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klar olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
K\u0131\u015f Durumu: Bu mevsimde \u00fclkemiz Rusya \u00fczerindeki Sibirya Y. Bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile, \u0130zlanda A. Bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n etkisine girer. Sibirya \u00fczerinden alan so\u011fuk hava ak\u0131mlar\u0131 k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7ok so\u011fuk ge\u00e7mesine neden olmakta iken, \u0130zlanda \u00fczerinden gelen hava ak\u0131m\u0131 k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n daha \u0131l\u0131k ge\u00e7mesine neden olur. Kuzeyden gelen so\u011fuk hava ile g\u00fcneyden gelen \u0131l\u0131k ve nemli hava kar\u015f\u0131la\u015farak cephe ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar.<\/p>\n
K\u0131saca ; \u00fclkemiz yaz\u0131n y\u00fcksek bas\u0131nc\u0131n etkisine , k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ise al\u00e7ak ve y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi farkl\u0131 hava k\u00fctlesinin etkisine girer.<\/p>\n
3-YERY\u00dcZ\u00dc \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130N\u0130N ETK\u0130S\u0130:<\/p>\n
a) Y\u00fckselti: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u0131cakl\u0131k, y\u00fckseltinin artmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya, k\u0131y\u0131dan i\u00e7 kesimlere do\u011fru azal\u0131r. K\u0131y\u0131lar \u0131l\u0131k ge\u00e7erken, i\u00e7 kesimlerden don olay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Y\u00fcksek da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda, da\u011flar\u0131n etekleriyle zirve k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 olu\u015fur. Y\u00fckselti, kar \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yerde kalma ve don olay\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn s\u00fcresi \u00fczerinde etkili olur. Y\u00fckselti ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 \u00fczerinde de etkisini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Da\u011flar\u0131n uzan\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve bak\u0131: Da\u011flar\u0131n uzan\u0131\u015f do\u011frultusu ve bak\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda etkili olur. Karadeniz\u2019de kuzey, Akdeniz\u2019de g\u00fcney yama\u00e7lar\u0131 fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f al\u0131r.da\u011f s\u0131ralar\u0131 hava k\u00fctlelerinin ilerlemesini engelleyerek iklimde yerel de\u011fi\u015fmelere neden olular. Toroslar ve Kuzey Anadolu Da\u011flar\u0131 nemli havan\u0131n \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019ya girmesini engeller. Da\u011f ku\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli etkilerinden biride r\u00fczgar \u00fczerinde olur.Da\u011fl\u0131k alanlardan gelen havan\u0131n D. Karadeniz de F\u00f6hn r\u00fczgar\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gibi. Da\u011f uzan\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve da\u011flar aras\u0131ndaki gedikler, r\u00fczgar\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc etkiler.<\/p>\n
c) Bak\u0131 ve E\u011fim Durumu: G\u00fcne\u015ften al\u0131nan enerji, da\u011f yamac\u0131n\u0131n bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ne g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fme g\u00f6sterir. \u00dclkemizde yaz ve k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcneye bakan yama\u00e7lar kuzeye g\u00f6re daha fazla g\u00fcne\u015f al\u0131rlar ve \u0131s\u0131n\u0131rlar. B\u00f6ylece g\u00fcneye bakan yama\u00e7larda yar\u0131 kurak, kuzeye bakan yama\u00e7larda ise nemli ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fur. G\u00fcneye bakan yama\u00e7larda, kar \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc daha erken kalkar, orman yeti\u015fme s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 daha y\u00fcksekten ba\u015flar. Bitkiler daha erken olgunla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE \u0130KL\u0130M ELEMANLARI<\/p>\n
1) SICAKLIK: <\/p>\n
a) Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131: \u00dclkemizde y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k 20oC ile 3oC aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k, y\u00fckselti ve karasall\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zdan i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na do\u011fru ve bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya do\u011fru s\u00fcrekli d\u00fc\u015fer. \u00dclkemizin en s\u0131cak kesimleri, Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ile G.Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun g\u00fcneyidir. (18oC). 18-14oC aras\u0131nda olanlar. Akdeniz\u2019in kuzey kesimleri ve k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleridir. \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu 10-12oC, D. Anadoluise4oC\u2019nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n
Ocak ay\u0131ndaki ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131: Bu ayda b\u00f6lgelerimiz aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. K\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerimiz ile G.D.An. ortalama 0oC\u2019nin alt\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmezken D. An. da, -10oC\u2019nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fer. Ege\u2019de 5o \u201310oC, Marmara\u2019da 0o-5oC aras\u0131nda seyreder. Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda, di\u011fer k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00fclkemizin kuzeydo\u011fusu ile g\u00fcney ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131nda 20oC\u2019ye varan farklar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
c) Temmuz Ay\u0131ndaki ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131: Temmuz ay\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar G.Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da (30-35oC) g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, K.Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. (20oC\u2019nin alt\u0131nda) yaz mevsiminde genel olarak \u00fclkemizin her taraf\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00fcksektir. Yaz aylar\u0131nda g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmelerinde i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlarda k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerimiz aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli farklar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. K\u0131y\u0131 ile i\u00e7 kesimler aras\u0131nda 5-10oC\u2019lik fark vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
d) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de don olay\u0131 ve \u00f6nemi: Don olay\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnlerin s\u00fcresi ve \u015fiddeti b\u00f6lgelerimize g\u00f6re \u00f6nemle de\u011fi\u015fme g\u00f6sterir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama donlu g\u00fcn s\u00fcresi, Do\u011fu An. y\u00fckselen platolar\u0131nda alt\u0131 ay\u0131 bulur. \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131 ge\u00e7er. K\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerimizde 10 g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7memektedir. Genellikle donlu g\u00fcnler D.An.Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda ba\u015flar. Mart sonunda kadar devam eder. T\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerimizde don olay\u0131 meydana gelir.<\/p>\n
EN D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcK SICAKLIKLAR:<\/p>\n
K.Do\u011fu An. g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Burada baz\u0131 y\u0131llarda k\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u201340oC\u2019nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fer. \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da \u201320oC\u2019nin alt\u0131na iner. E\u011fe k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda \u20137,-8oC, Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda \u20133,-4oC\u2019yi bulur. En d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n D.Anadolu\u2019da olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, kar \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn uzun s\u00fcre yerde kalmas\u0131 ve \u00e7ukur alanlarda s\u0131cakl\u0131k terslemesi meydana gelmesidir.<\/p>\n
SICAKLIK TERSLEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
K\u0131\u015f\u0131n havan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve r\u00fczgar\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde y\u00fcksek yerlerde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede so\u011fuyarak a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan hava k\u00fctlesi ,\u00e7ukur sahalarda y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ile meydana gelir.<\/p>\n
Don olay\u0131, tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin t\u00fcr\u00fc ve yeti\u015fme s\u00fcresi, yerle\u015fme, konut tipleri, ula\u015f\u0131m ticaret ve in\u015faat gibi faaliyetler \u00fczerinde etkilidir. Tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin verimi \u00fczerinde ilk ve son don olaylar\u0131 etkili olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2-T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE BASIN\u00c7 VE R\u00dcZGARLAR:<\/p>\n
a) G\u00fcnl\u00fck R\u00fczgarlar:<\/p>\n
1) K\u0131y\u0131larda olu\u015fanlar: Yaz mevsiminde \u00f6zellikle Ege ve Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda olu\u015fur. G\u00fcnd\u00fcz deniz, karadan s\u0131cak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Y.B,Karalar A.B durumdad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece denizden karaya r\u00fczgar olu\u015fur. Bunlara deniz meltemi, gece ile tersi olur. Karadan denize r\u00fczgar eser. Bunlara kara meltemi denir.deniz meltemlerine Ege\u2019de \u0130mbat denir.<\/p>\n
2) \u0130\u00e7 kesimlerde olu\u015fanlar: Yaz mevsiminde g\u00fcnd\u00fcz, so\u011fuk olan vadilerden s\u0131cak olan da\u011f yama\u00e7lar\u0131na do\u011fru r\u00fczgarlar olu\u015fur. Bunlara; vadi meltemi denir. Gece ise tersi olur. Yama\u00e7lardan vadilere do\u011fru r\u00fczgar olu\u015fur, bunlara da da\u011f meltemi denir.<\/p>\n
Yerel R\u00fczgarlar: <\/p>\n
Yerel r\u00fczgarlar \u00fclkemizin \u00e7evresindeki hava k\u00fctleri deniz kara bas\u0131n\u00e7 fark\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
K\u0131\u015f durumu: Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131ndan itibaren Anadolu\u2019nun i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek bas\u0131nc\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerimizde al\u00e7ak bas\u0131nc\u0131n etkisinde kal\u0131r. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n so\u011fuk karakterli, yaz\u0131nda serin ve kuru olan, \u00e7o\u011funlukla kuzeydo\u011fudan esen r\u00fczgarlara poyraz denir. Yine k\u0131\u015f\u0131n so\u011fuk karakterli, olup, Karadeniz ve Marmara\u2019da kuzeybat\u0131dan esen r\u00fczgarlara karayel denir. Daha \u0131l\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde Akdeniz Ege ve Marmara\u2019da etkili olan ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131dan ese \u0131l\u0131k r\u00fczgara lodos denir.<\/p>\n
Yaz durumu: Nisan ay\u0131ndan itibaren, kuzeybat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fczerinden, Basra\u2019ya do\u011fru genel bir hava ak\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fur. Marmara ve Ege\u2019yi etkisene alan bu r\u00fczgarlara Etezyen ad\u0131 verilir. Toroslar\u0131 a\u015fan etezyen, F\u00f6hn r\u00fczgarlar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. K\u0131y\u0131lar i\u00e7 kesimlere g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan, r\u00fczgarlar olu\u015fur. G\u00fcneyden esen s\u0131cak ve kavurucu r\u00fczgarlara samyeli denir.<\/p>\n
3-T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE NEML\u0130L\u0130K VE YA\u011eI\u015e:<\/p>\n
Olu\u015fanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ya\u011f\u0131\u015f tipleri:<\/p>\n
1) Yama\u00e7 (Oragrafik) Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131: Nemli hava k\u00fctlesinin bir yama\u00e7 boyunca y\u00fckselerek so\u011fumas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015furlar. Yama\u00e7 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla; da\u011flar\u0131n denize bakan yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n etkili oldu\u011fu yerlerde olu\u015fur. \u00dclkemizde Karadeniz, Akdeniz b\u00f6lgelerinde,Ege\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2) Konveksiyonel ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar: \u0130\u00e7 kurumlarda \u0131s\u0131nan havan\u0131n y\u00fckselerek so\u011fumas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur. \u00d6zellikle ilkbahar ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ve D Anadolu b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu ya\u011f\u0131\u015flara \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da K\u0131rkikindi ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n
3) Cephe ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 (Frontal): S\u0131cak ve so\u011fuk hava k\u00fctlelerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlarda, s\u0131cak havan\u0131n so\u011fuk hava \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karak so\u011fumas\u0131 ve yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan ya\u011f\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de en fazla Akdeniz ve G.Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da k\u0131\u015f mevsiminde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE YA\u011eI\u015e \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130 VE \u00d6NEM\u0130<\/p>\n
A) Yerde Olu\u015fanlar:<\/p>\n
1) \u00c7iy: Genelde ilkbahar ve sonbahar aylar\u0131nda, havadaki su buhar\u0131n\u0131n so\u011fuk bitkiler ve cisimler \u00fczerine temas\u0131yla so\u011fumas\u0131 ve damlalar halinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
2) K\u0131r\u00e7: Havan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve so\u011fuk oldu\u011fu k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnlerinde, a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00fczeyler fazla so\u011fur havadaki nem toprak , teller ve a\u011fa\u00e7lara \u00e7arparak buz haline gelir.<\/p>\n
3) K\u0131ra\u011f\u0131: Havadaki su buhar\u0131n\u0131n 0oC\u2019nin alt\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015farak buz kristalleri haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle k\u0131ra\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde Olu\u015fanlar:<\/p>\n
1) Ya\u011fmur: Havadaki su buhar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015farak damlalar halinde yery\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fur. Genelde k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerimizde ya\u011fmur fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2) Kar: Yo\u011funla\u015fma 0oC\u2019nin alt\u0131nda buz kristalleri \u015feklinde olursa kar olu\u015fur. Kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 genellikle Ekim sonunda ba\u015flar. 1000m\u2019yi a\u015fan da\u011flardaki ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar kar \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
KARIN YERDE KAMA S\u00dcRES\u0130<\/p>\n
Akdeniz ve E\u011fe k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda : 1-2 g\u00fcn<\/p>\n
Marmara ve Karadeniz : 10-20 g\u00fcn<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da : 20-40 g\u00fcn<\/p>\n
Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da : 120 g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
Kar \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, baz\u0131 tah\u0131llar\u0131n yeti\u015fmesinde olumlu etki yapar. Do\u011fu Anadolu ve Karadeniz b\u00f6lgelerinde yo\u011fun kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131\u011flar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. \u00c7\u0131\u011f, ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n aksamas\u0131na ve yollar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n
3) Dolu: Ya\u011fmur sular\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n aniden d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve donmas\u0131 sonucu dolu meydana gelir. Daha \u00e7ok i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerimizde olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE YA\u011eI\u015eIN DA\u011eILI\u015eI: <\/p>\n
\u00dclkemiz genelin y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ortalamas\u0131 600mm civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda k\u0131y\u0131 ve i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerimiz aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli farklar vard\u0131r. En az ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131, Tuz g\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresi, I\u011fd\u0131r, Konya ovas\u0131, Yusufeli-Tortum g\u00f6l\u00fc aras\u0131, Malatya ovas\u0131 al\u0131r. En fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise Karadeniz ve Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 al\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle, Rize \u00e7evresi, Bat\u0131 Karadeniz, Antalya b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Hatay ve Hakkari b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7lar:<\/p>\n
1-En fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00fclkemiz kuzey ve g\u00fcneyinde yer alan da\u011f ku\u015faklar\u0131 al\u0131r. <\/p>\n
2-Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f k\u0131y\u0131dan i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlara gidildik\u00e7e azal\u0131r. <\/p>\n
3-Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131n en az oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgemiz \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019dur.<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE S\u0130S ve \u00d6NEM\u0130:<\/p>\n
S\u0130S: Havadaki su buhar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeye yak\u0131n yerlerde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f mesafesinin 1 km\u2019in alt\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcnler \u201csisli g\u00fcnler\u201d ol-kabul edilir. Sisli g\u00fcnler en fazla, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019nun kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131 ,\u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131 ve kuzey k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda; en az ise, Ege ve Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda. <\/p>\n
Olu\u015fumlar\u0131na G\u00f6re Sisler<\/p>\n
1-Kara sisi: Kara k\u00fctlesinin geceleyin so\u011fumas\u0131 ve havadaki nemin yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n karla kapl\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da s\u0131k s\u0131k kara sisi olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
2-K\u0131y\u0131 sisleri: Karadan gelen so\u011fuk bir hava k\u00fctlesinin deniz y\u00fczeyini kaplamas\u0131yla veya denizden gelen \u0131l\u0131k bir havan\u0131n so\u011fuk olan, k\u0131y\u0131 kesimini kaplamas\u0131yla olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
3-Yama\u00e7 sisleri: Yama\u00e7lar boyunca y\u00fckselen nemli havan\u0131n so\u011fumas\u0131yla meydana gelir. Karadeniz\u2019de da\u011flar\u0131n kuzeye bakan yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k olu\u015fur. Sisli g\u00fcnlerde havada bulunan nem fazlad\u0131r. Sis hava kirli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda deniz ve kara ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkiler.<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE KURAKLIK VE KURAK B\u00d6LGELER:<\/p>\n
Kurakl\u0131k ; ya\u011f\u0131\u015f yetersizli\u011fi veya su azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 demektir. Bir yere d\u00fc\u015fen ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 buharla\u015fma ile su kayb\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kurakl\u0131k ba\u015flar. \u00dclkemizde kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en fazla oldu\u011fu yerler, G\u00fcney Do\u011fu Anadolu ve \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019dur. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131llara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmesi, kurakl\u0131k \u00fczerinde etkilidir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda kurakl\u0131kta artar. Kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en az oldu\u011fu yerler, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131 tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimi azalt\u0131r. Ayl\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktarlar\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fmeler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE HAVA TAHM\u0130NLER\u0130 <\/p>\n
Hava tahminlerini Meteoroloji M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yapar. Hava tahminlerine ait de\u011ferleri g\u00f6steren haritalara sinoptik haritalar denir. Hava tahminleri bas\u0131n\u00e7, s\u0131cakl\u0131k,bulutluk durumu ile r\u00fczgar\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 ve sisli\u011fi y\u00f6n dikkate al\u0131narak, cephelerin \u00f6zellikleri gidi\u015f yollar\u0131 belirlenerek yap\u0131l\u0131r. Sinoptik haritalarda; so\u011fuk cephe \u0130\u00e7i Dolu \u00fc\u00e7gen, s\u0131cakl\u0131k cepheler ise yar\u0131m daireler \u015feklinde g\u00f6sterilir. <\/p>\n
Havan\u0131n bulutlu oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnlerde g\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmelerinin azalaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bulut a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131 ve so\u011fumay\u0131 \u00f6nler. Sinoptik haritalarda izobarlar s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k ise r\u00fczgar\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131, seyrek ise yava\u015f e\u015fe\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE \u0130KL\u0130M \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130<\/p>\n
1)Karadeniz \u0130klimi: <\/p>\n
G\u00d6R\u00dcLD\u00dc\u011e\u00dc YERLER: Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinin k\u0131y\u0131 kesimi ile, Marmara B\u00f6lgesinin Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri: <\/p>\n
a-Her mevsim ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Yazlar serin k\u0131\u015flar \u0131l\u0131k ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
b-S\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
c-Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. En fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f D.Karadeniz b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndedir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar genelde yama\u00e7 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u015feklindedir. <\/p>\n
d-K\u0131y\u0131dan i\u00e7 kesimlere gidildik\u00e7e k\u0131\u015flar daha so\u011fuk, yazlar serin ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
2)Akdeniz \u0130klimi: <\/p>\n
G\u00d6R\u00dcLD\u00dc\u011e\u00dc YERLER: Akdeniz, Ege G\u00fcney Marmara ve G.Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun bat\u0131 kesiminde.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri:<\/p>\n
a-Yazlar s\u0131cak ve kurak, k\u0131\u015flar \u0131l\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
b-Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar en fazla k\u0131\u015f mevsiminde cephe ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
c-Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 18-20oC civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k Akdeniz\u2019den Ege\u2019ye ve Marmara\u2019ya do\u011fru azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3)Karasal \u0130klim: <\/p>\n
G\u00d6R\u00dcLD\u00dc\u011e\u00dc YERLER: \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, Do\u011fu Anadolu G.Do\u011fu Anadolu \u0130\u00e7 Bat\u0131 Anadolu ve Trakya\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri: <\/p>\n
a-Yaz ve k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b-Buharla\u015fma \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kurakl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
c-Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k durumu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00f6rde ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 Anadolu: <\/p>\n
Yazlar \u00e7ok s\u0131cak ve kurak ge\u00e7er, k\u0131\u015flar D.An. g\u00f6re so\u011fuk de\u011fildir. En fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ilkbaharda konveksiyonlu ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
G. Do\u011fu Anadolu:<\/p>\n
yazlar \u00e7ok s\u0131cak ve kurak, k\u0131\u015flar nispeten ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve \u0131l\u0131k ge\u00e7er. En fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ve ilkbaharda d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n
D.Anadolu:<\/p>\n
K\u0131\u015flar \u00e7ok uzun so\u011fuk ve kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7er. \u00dclkemizin en so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgesidir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f en fazla yaz\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n
Trakya iklimi: <\/p>\n
Karadeniz ve Marmara k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re yaz\u0131n s\u0131cak, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n so\u011fuk ge\u00e7er. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar en fazla yaz\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n
4)Ge\u00e7i\u015f \u0130klimi: (Marmara): Akdeniz ve Karadeniz iklimleri aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir. K\u0131\u015flar Akdeniz\u2019e g\u00f6re serin, ge\u00e7er. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f Karadeniz\u2019e g\u00f6re azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE \u0130KL\u0130M\u0130N\u0130 ETK\u0130LEYEN FAKT\u00d6RLER 1-MATEMAT\u0130K KONUM:T\u00fcrkiye matematik konum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kuzeyden gelen so\u011fuk hava k\u00fctleleri ile g\u00fcneyden s\u0131cak hava k\u00fctlelerinin etkisinde kal\u0131r. Orta Ku\u015fakta yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, 4 mevsim belirgin olarak ya\u015fan\u0131r. 2-\u00d6ZEL KONUM: \u00dclkemizde \u00e7e\u015fitli iklim tiplerinin olu\u015fumunda fiziki co\u011frafya \u00f6zelliklerinden kaynaklanana \u00f6zel konumun etkileri bulunmaktad\u0131r. a-Etraf\u0131ndaki denizlerin etkisi: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7evresindeki denizlerin s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1477,10198,3702,10197,10200,2793,2970,10204,2789,10138,3703,10202,10203,10207,10205,3709,10199,10206,10201,3679],"class_list":["post-4726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-anadolu","tag-baki-ve-egim-durumu","tag-ciy","tag-daglarin-uzanisi-ve-baki","tag-gunluk-ruzgarlar","tag-ic-anadolu","tag-iklim-tipleri","tag-kar-ortusu","tag-karadeniz-iklimi","tag-karasallik","tag-kiragi","tag-kis-durumu","tag-konveksiyonel-yagislar","tag-kuraklik","tag-olusumlarina-gore-sisler","tag-turkiyenin-iklimi","tag-turkiyede-don-olayi","tag-yamac-sisleri","tag-yerel-ruzgarlar","tag-yukselti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4726"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4726\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}