AKARSU A\u015eINDIRMASI:<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki karalar\u0131n %71 inde etkili olan akarsular akt\u0131klar\u0131 yata\u011f\u0131 kimyasal yada fiziksel yolla a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak ta\u015f\u0131ma ve biriktirme yoluyla \u015fekillendirme yaparlar.
\n Akarsu A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131nda etkili olan fakt\u00f6rler \u015funlard\u0131r;
\n 1. Ak\u0131\u015f H\u0131z\u0131
\n 2. E\u011fim
\n 3. Su Miktar\u0131 (Debi)
\n 4. Y\u00fck Miktar\u0131
\n 5. Yata\u011f\u0131n Geni\u015fli\u011fi
\n 6. Jeolojik Yap\u0131
\n 7. Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc etkili olur.<\/p>\n
Akarsu a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 3 \u015fekilde olur.
\n 1. Derine A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma: Akarsuyun yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fey do\u011frultuda a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak deniz seviyesine indirme faaliyetidir.
\n 2. Yana A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma: \u00d6zellikle e\u011fimin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde sal\u0131n\u0131mlar yapan akarsuyun yanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\n 3. Geriye A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma: Akarsuyun a\u011f\u0131z k\u0131sm\u0131ndan itibaren zamanla yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 feriye do\u011fru kazarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmad\u0131r. Bu a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rman\u0131n son \u015fekli Denge Profilidir.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemiz jeolojik olarak gen\u00e7 k\u00fctlelere sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7inakarsular\u0131 hen\u00fcz denge profiline ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve ak\u0131\u015flar h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ula\u015f\u0131ma elveri\u015fsiz ancak baraj yap\u0131m\u0131na (Enerji \u00dcretimi) uygun akarsulard\u0131r. Avrupa gibi eski karalar\u0131n akarsular\u0131 ise denge profiline ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f akarsulard\u0131r. Bu akarsularda k\u0131y\u0131dan i\u00e7 kesimlere kadar nehirden ula\u015f\u0131m sa\u011flanabilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc e\u011fim iyice azald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ak\u0131mlar\u0131 yava\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
AKARSU A\u015eINDIRMA \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130<\/p>\n
1- Vadi:
\n Akarsular\u0131n i\u00e7inde akt\u0131klar\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak \u015fekillendirdikleri do\u011fal oluklard\u0131r.De\u011fi\u015fik tipleri vard\u0131r.
\n a) Bo\u011faz Vadi: Sert da\u011f k\u00fctlelerini yarmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan dik yama\u00e7l\u0131 derin ancak dar vadilerdir.G\u00fclek ve Geyve Bo\u011fazlar\u0131 gibi. (\u00d6rnek)
\n Kanyon Vadi: \u00d6zellikle kalkerli arazide g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve farkl\u0131 tabakalar\u0131n farkl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131n\u0131m \u00f6zellkileri g\u00f6stermesi sonucu olu\u015fan yama\u00e7lar\u0131 dik ve girintili \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olan derin vadilerdir. \u00dclkemizde G\u00f6ksu, Lamaz vadileri, Amerikada Kolorado (Grand) Kanyon v.s. (\u00d6rnek)
\n c) \u00c7entik (Kertik) Vadi: \u00d6zellikle fazla e\u011fimli sahalarda akarsuyun daha \u00e7ok derine a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma yapmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan V \u015fekilli vadi tipidir. \u00dclkemizde en \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fclen vadi tipidir.
\n d) Yat\u0131k Yama\u00e7l\u0131 Vadi: E\u011fimin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve akarsuyun yanlara a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n fazlala\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 y\u00fckseklikteki yama\u00e7lara sahip taban\u0131 daha geni\u015f vadi tipidir. (\u00d6rnek)
\n e) Tabanl\u0131 Vadi: Akarsu e\u011fiminin iyice azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rman\u0131n tamamen yanlara do\u011fru olmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur. Vadi yamac\u0131 iyice belirsizle\u015fir. Akars\u0131 biriktirdi\u011fi al\u00fcvyonlar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda b\u00fckl\u00fcmler \u00e7izerek akmaya ba\u015flar.Ege b\u00f6lgesi akars\u0131lar\u0131nda bu vadi tipi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
2- Menderes (B\u00fckl\u00fcm): Akarsular\u0131n e\u011fimin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde sal\u0131narak akmas\u0131 sonucu akarsu k\u0131vr\u0131mlar yapmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla olu\u015fur. Mendersler yapan akarsu s\u0131k s\u0131k yatak de\u011fi\u015ftirir bu de\u011fi\u015fme sonucu kenarlarda kalan par\u00e7alar\u0131na Kopuk Menderes denir. Mendersler hem a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma hem de biriktirme \u015fekilleridir.
\n Menderesler olu\u015fturan bir akarsuyun;
\n a) E\u011fimi ve H\u0131z\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r
\n Boyu uzam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r
\n c) A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fc azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r
\n d) Biriktirme yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r
\n e) Enerji potansiyeli ve Ta\u015f\u0131ma G\u00fcc\u00fc azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r <\/p>\n
3- Dev Kazan\u0131: Akarsuyun yata\u011f\u0131ndaki fakl\u0131 diren\u00e7teki tabakalar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan basamakl\u0131 yap\u0131lardan akan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na \u00c7a\u011flayan denir. Bu basamak \u00e7ok y\u00fcksekse \u015eelale yada \u00c7avlan ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Manavgat, D\u00fcden ve G\u00fcrlevik \u015eelaleleri \u00fclkemizdeki baz\u0131 \u00f6rneklerdir. \u00c7a\u011flayanlar\u0131n sular\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yeri oymas\u0131yla olu\u015fan \u015fekle Dev Kazan\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n
4- Peribacalar\u0131: Volkanik arazilerde sel sular\u0131n\u0131n arazideki gev\u015fek malzemeyi a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rken buradaki sert blok ta\u015flar\u0131n kendilerini ve yak\u0131n \u00e7evresini a\u015f\u0131n\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 korumas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00fclaha benzer \u015fekillerdir. Ni\u011fde. Nev\u015fehir \u00e7evresinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
5- K\u0131rg\u0131bay\u0131r (Badlands): \u00d6zellikle yar\u0131 kurak iklim alanlar\u0131nda \u015fiddetli ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcnden yoksun arazileri \u00e7ok fazla a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan girintili \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 yer \u015feklidir. \u0130\u00e7 ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadoluda olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. <\/p>\n
6- Platolar: Akarsularca par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f geni\u015f yery\u00fcz\u00fc d\u00fczl\u00fckleridir. \u00dclkemizin arazisinin \u00e7o\u011funu platolar kaplar. Erzurum-Kars, Haymana, Cihanbeyli, Bozok platolar\u0131 v.s.bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7- Peneplen (Yontukd\u00fcz): Akars\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 son \u015fekildir. Bu arazilerde art\u0131k belirli bir y\u00fckselti yoktur ve arazi deniz seviyesine inmi\u015f hafif dalgal\u0131 d\u00fczl\u00fcklerden ibarettir. <\/p>\n
AKARSULARDA B\u0130R\u0130KT\u0130RME <\/p>\n
Akarsu Biriktirmesinde Etkili Olan Fakt\u00f6rler
\n 1) Yatak e\u011fiminin azalmas\u0131 (en fazla etkili fakt\u00f6r).
\n 2) Ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131.
\n 3) Y\u00fck miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131.
\n 4) Ak\u0131m\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi.
\n Akarsu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddeleri biriktirmeye ba\u015flar. G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde \u00f6nce iri maddeleri , g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn tamamen azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde ise ince maddeleri biriktirirler. Bundan dolay\u0131 akarsu biriktirmesi ile olu\u015fan yer \u015fekillerinin yap\u0131s\u0131 incelendi\u011finde akarsuyun ak\u0131m\u0131 hakk\u0131nda genel bilgileri elde edebiliriz. \u0130ri maddeler var ise ak\u0131m y\u00fcksek, ince maddeler var ise ak\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
AKARSU B\u0130R\u0130KT\u0130RME \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130<\/p>\n
1- Birikinti Konisi (Yelpazesi): Da\u011f yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe inen akarsularun e\u011fimin aniden azalmas\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131n etek k\u0131sm\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemeyi b\u0131rakmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan \u015fekillerdir. (\u00d6rnek)
\n 2- Da\u011f Ete\u011fi Ovas\u0131: Da\u011f eteklerinde olu\u015fan birikinti konilerinin birle\u015fmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan uzun ve dalgal\u0131 d\u00fczl\u00fcklerdir. Bursa ovas\u0131 bu \u015fekilde olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.
\n 3- Da\u011f \u0130\u00e7i Ovalar\u0131: Da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda akarsular\u0131n e\u011fimin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 ovalard\u0131r. Bu ovalar kendisine yak\u0131n birikinti konileriyle birle\u015ferek geni\u015fleyebilirler. Mu\u015f ve Erzincan ovalar\u0131 gibi. <\/p>\n
4- Taban Seviyesi Ovas\u0131: Akarsular\u0131n denize yakla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerde e\u011fimin azalmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak biriktirme yapmalar\u0131yla olu\u015furlar. Deltadan fark\u0131, kara i\u00e7inde olu\u015fmalr\u0131d\u0131r. Adapazar\u0131, B. ve K. Menderes Ovalar\u0131 b\u00f6yledir.
\n 5- Delta Ovas\u0131: Akarsular\u0131n denize d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fckleri yerlerde getirdikleri malzemeyi y\u0131\u011farak olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 kabaca \u00fc\u00e7gene benzer ovalard\u0131r. Bafra, \u00c7ar\u015famba…v.s.
\n Delta Ovalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in;
\n a) K\u0131y\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131\u011f olmas\u0131 (\u015eelf alan\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f olmas\u0131)
\n Akarsuyun bol al\u00fcvyon ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131,
\n c) K\u0131y\u0131da Gel-Git ve kuvvetli ak\u0131nt\u0131 olmamas\u0131 gerekir.
\n 6- Seki (Tara\u00e7a): Al\u00fcvyal tabanl\u0131 vadilerde yeniden canlanan akarsuyun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu dolguyu tekrar kazmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan basamakl\u0131 \u015fekillerdir. Sekiler hem a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma hemde biriktirme \u015fekilleridir.
\n 7- Kum (Irmak) Adalar\u0131: Akarsular\u0131n e\u011fimin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesi ve derinli\u011finin azalmas\u0131 na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemeyi yatak ortas\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck adac\u0131klar \u015feklinde biriktirmesiyle olu\u015furlar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
AKARSU A\u015eINDIRMASI: Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki karalar\u0131n %71 inde etkili olan akarsular akt\u0131klar\u0131 yata\u011f\u0131 kimyasal yada fiziksel yolla a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak ta\u015f\u0131ma ve biriktirme yoluyla \u015fekillendirme yaparlar. Akarsu A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131nda etkili olan fakt\u00f6rler \u015funlard\u0131r; 1. Ak\u0131\u015f H\u0131z\u0131 2. E\u011fim 3. Su Miktar\u0131 (Debi) 4. Y\u00fck Miktar\u0131 5. Yata\u011f\u0131n Geni\u015fli\u011fi 6. Jeolojik Yap\u0131 7. Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc etkili olur. Akarsu a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 3 \u015fekilde …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[10208,10212,3279,2762,10209,4271,10211,10213,10210],"class_list":["post-4728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-akarsularin-olusturdugu-yer-sekilleri","tag-birikinti-konisi","tag-dag-ici-ovalari","tag-jeoloji","tag-menderes","tag-peribacalari","tag-platolar","tag-taban-seviyesi-ovasi","tag-volkanik-araziler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4728","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4728"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4728\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}