Yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerinin olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fmesi hem i\u00e7, hem de d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fczeydeki y\u00fckselmelere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki g\u00fc\u00e7ler, yani i\u00e7 g\u00fc\u00e7ler yol a\u00e7ar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler, yani su, r\u00fczgar ve buz bu y\u00fckseltileri yeniden d\u00fczle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Tektonik ve magmatik olaylar, arazi yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin farkl\u0131 etkileri \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerinin olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n
G\u00fc\u00e7lerin Etkisi
\n D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n kabu\u011funun so\u011fumas\u0131ndan bu yana s\u00fcrekli yinelenen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 s\u00f6z konusudur. \u0130\u00e7 g\u00fc\u00e7ler y\u00fczeyde y\u00fckseklik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na neden olurken, yani da\u011flar, kayalar, \u00e7ukurlar, yanarda\u011flar ya da ba\u015fka y\u00fckseltiler olu\u015ftururken, d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler de bunlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli bi\u00e7imde a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r, yontar ve doldurur. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin ve iklim etmenlerinin (s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, r\u00fczgar vb.) etkisi alt\u0131ndaki jeolojik s\u00fcre\u00e7ler d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7leri olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
A\u015f\u0131nma
\n \u00c7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131 bir y\u00fczeyin \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlerde a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Bunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerine g\u00f6re fiziksel-mekanik, kimyasal, biyolojik ve biyokimyasal a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmalar olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir. A\u015f\u0131nman\u0131n derecesi o \u00e7evrenin iklim ve hidroloji ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir.
\n Fiziksel-mekanik a\u015f\u0131nmaya buharla\u015fman\u0131n \u00e7ok, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n az oldu\u011fu kurak b\u00f6lgelerle ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n genellikle kar bi\u00e7iminde d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerlerde rastlan\u0131r. Deniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda da bu t\u00fcr a\u015f\u0131nmalar g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n bol ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu yerlerde ise kimyasal a\u015f\u0131nma s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu t\u00fcr a\u015f\u0131nmalar \u00f6zellikle tropik b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7ok etkilidir.
\n G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya da y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 kayalar\u0131n y\u00fczeyinde gerilimlere neden olarak onlar\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131larak ufalanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Ayr\u0131ca gene bu nedenle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n aras\u0131na giren sular buz, tuzlar da kristal olu\u015fturarak kayay\u0131 par\u00e7alar. R\u00fczgar, su ve buzun da a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkisi vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kat\u0131 cisimler kayalara vurarak ufalan\u0131p par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na neden olur.
\n Kimyasal a\u015f\u0131nma daha \u00e7ok suyun ve ona kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan asitlerin etkisiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, tuz i\u00e7eren kaya\u00e7lar yaln\u0131zca suyun etkisiyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kire\u00e7ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n eriyebilmesi i\u00e7in daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc asitler gereklidir.
\n \u00d6tekilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hayvanlarla bitkilerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 biyolojik ve biyokimyasal a\u015f\u0131nman\u0131n \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. A\u015f\u0131nma genel olarak toprak olu\u015fumunda da \u00f6nemli rol oynar.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcr\u00fcklenme ve Ta\u015f\u0131ma
\n Kopan par\u00e7alar\u0131n bulunduklar\u0131 yerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fcklenme denir. S\u00fcr\u00fcklenme \u00e7o\u011fu kez \u0131\u015f\u0131nmayla birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve bunun sonucunda a\u015f\u0131nan y\u00fczey yeniden a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin etkisi alt\u0131na girer. S\u00fcr\u00fcklenme k\u00fctle\u00e7ekiminin, suyun ak\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, buzun itici g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ve r\u00fczgar hareketinin art\u0131k hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi hareket ettiremeyece\u011fi noktada son bulur. Bu nedenle bazen da\u011flar\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki \u00e7ukurlarda ya da da\u011flar\u0131n eteklerinde s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmi\u015f par\u00e7alara rastlan\u0131r.
\n D\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 daha uzaklara g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fckleri de olur, buna ta\u015f\u0131ma denir. \u00d6zellikle \u0131rmaklar kopard\u0131klar\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00e7ok uzaklara g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilir. Suyun a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisiyle olu\u015fmu\u015f \u201cV\u201d bi\u00e7iminde vadilere rastlanabilir. Su gibi buz da kayalardan par\u00e7alar kopar\u0131p uzaklara ta\u015f\u0131yabilir ve \u201cU\u201d bi\u00e7iminde vadiler olu\u015fturabilir. Denizin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 etkisi dalgalar, gelgit ve ak\u0131nt\u0131larla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. R\u00fczgar ise \u00f6zellikle koruyucu bitkilerin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar verebilir ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alar\u0131 binlerce kilometre uza\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131yabilir.<\/p>\n
Tortulla\u015fma ve Yeniden Olu\u015fum
\n Ta\u015f\u0131nan par\u00e7alar\u0131n bir yerde \u00e7\u00f6kelmesine tortulla\u015fma denir. B\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7alar da\u011flarla d\u00fczl\u00fckler aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesinde \u00e7\u00f6kelerek teraslar olu\u015fturur. Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131klar ise e\u011fer kara par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir yerde \u00e7\u00f6kelmemi\u015flerse, denize ula\u015f\u0131r. Irmaklar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7alar k\u0131y\u0131larda deltalar olu\u015fturur. K\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131n bir yere \u00e7\u00f6kelmeyen par\u00e7alar ise daha uzaklara giderek denizin dibinde birikir. Milyonlarca y\u0131l s\u00fcren bu ta\u015f\u0131ma ve biriktirme bir s\u00fcre sonra yerkabu\u011funa bask\u0131 yaparak i\u00e7 g\u00fc\u00e7leri harekete ge\u00e7irir, bunlar da yeniden y\u00fckseltilerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya\u2019m\u0131z son 570 milyon y\u0131ldan beri \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck orojenez, yani da\u011folu\u015fumu ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi de yukarda anlat\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131nma ve biriktirme sonucu i\u00e7 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin hareketiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden yakla\u015f\u0131k 500-408 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nceki Kaledoniyen da\u011f olu\u015fumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130sko\u00e7ya, Norve\u00e7\u2019teki da\u011flar, 387-248 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nceki da\u011folu\u015fum s\u00fcrecinde Apala\u015flar, Urallar ve Orta Ren Da\u011flar\u0131, 213 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce ba\u015flayan son da\u011folu\u015fumunda ise Alpler, Andlar, Kayal\u0131k Da\u011flar ve Himalayalar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerinin olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fmesi hem i\u00e7, hem de d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fczeydeki y\u00fckselmelere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki g\u00fc\u00e7ler, yani i\u00e7 g\u00fc\u00e7ler yol a\u00e7ar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler, yani su, r\u00fczgar ve buz bu y\u00fckseltileri yeniden d\u00fczle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Tektonik ve magmatik olaylar, arazi yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin farkl\u0131 etkileri \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerinin olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2107,10215,3134,3494,10216,10214],"class_list":["post-4731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-dunya","tag-kimyasal-asinma","tag-ruzgar","tag-su","tag-tortullasma","tag-yeryuznun-sekillenmesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4731","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4731"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4731\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}