Portolan haritas\u0131, 14. ve 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l’da Avrupa’da kullan\u0131lan, k\u0131y\u0131lar ve limanlara dair bilgiler i\u00e7eren el yazmas\u0131 denizcilik haritalar\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130talyanca “liman” anlam\u0131na gelen porto’dan t\u00fcretilmi\u015f olan portolano, “k\u0131lavuz k\u0131tab\u0131” anlam\u0131na gelir.
\n Portolan haritalar\u0131, k\u0131y\u0131 boyunca giden bir denizcinin rastlayaca\u011f\u0131 limanlar\u0131 aralar\u0131ndaki mesafeleriyle s\u0131ralayan portolanlar\u0131n genelde k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir \u015fekilde ama k\u0131y\u0131 i\u00e7lerini bo\u015f g\u00f6steren, g\u00fcndelik kullan\u0131ma y\u00f6nelik haritalard\u0131. Estetik ama\u00e7l\u0131 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan baz\u0131lar\u0131nda s\u00fcslemeler de bulunurdu. Denizcilerin bir limandan di\u011ferine emniyetle ula\u015fmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanan portolanlarda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki unsurlar yer al\u0131rd\u0131:
\nHaritan\u0131n anahtar noktalar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilen noktalardan yay\u0131lan y\u00f6n \u00e7izgileri (genelde bir merkezden 16 \u00e7izgi). Baz\u0131 portolanlar ise limanlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131yan rota \u00e7izgileri ile dolu olurdu.
\nAyr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7izgileri ve bunlar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki yerle\u015fimlerin isimleri.
\nUzakl\u0131klar\u0131n hesaplamak i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7ek \u00e7izgileri.
\nS\u0131\u011f b\u00f6lgeler, kayal\u0131klar ve adalar\u0131n yerleri.
\n Pusula ve portolan haritas\u0131yla denizciler, k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 izlemek zorunda kalmadan rota \u00e7izgileri \u00fczerinden seyrederek gideceklere yere varabilirlerdi. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n yuvarlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne almayan bu haritalar \u00f6zellikle Akdeniz veya K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck denizlerde kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131yd\u0131lar. Enlem ve boylam \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm tekniklerinin bulunmas\u0131yla portolan haritalar\u0131 yerlerini 17. yy’da daha geli\u015fkin haritalara b\u0131rakt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Kongre K\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bulunan en eski kartografik sanat eseri: Akdeniz’i g\u00f6steren bir portolan okyanus haritas\u0131, on d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci \u00e7eyre\u011fi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Portolan haritas\u0131, 14. ve 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l’da Avrupa’da kullan\u0131lan, k\u0131y\u0131lar ve limanlara dair bilgiler i\u00e7eren el yazmas\u0131 denizcilik haritalar\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130talyanca “liman” anlam\u0131na gelen porto’dan t\u00fcretilmi\u015f olan portolano, “k\u0131lavuz k\u0131tab\u0131” anlam\u0131na gelir. Portolan haritalar\u0131, k\u0131y\u0131 boyunca giden bir denizcinin rastlayaca\u011f\u0131 limanlar\u0131 aralar\u0131ndaki mesafeleriyle s\u0131ralayan portolanlar\u0131n genelde k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir \u015fekilde ama k\u0131y\u0131 i\u00e7lerini bo\u015f g\u00f6steren, g\u00fcndelik kullan\u0131ma …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2921,10282,3746],"class_list":["post-4765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-akdeniz","tag-portolan-haritasi","tag-pusula"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4765","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4765"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4765\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4765"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4765"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}