Cengiz \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu
\n K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n Orhun-Yenisey’deki Uygurlar\u0131 840 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortadan kald\u0131rmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan kendilerinin de Mo\u011fol h\u00e2kimiyetine girmeleriyle beraber, en eski T\u00fcrk yurdu Mo\u011follar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Art\u0131k X. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren gittik\u00e7e g\u00fc\u00e7lenen Mo\u011fol kabileleri, T\u00fcrklerin siyas\u00ee bir birlik olu\u015fturamamas\u0131ndan da yararlanarak, faaliyetlerini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar, ancak kendileri de g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir siyas\u00ee birlik olu\u015fturamad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi \u00fcstelik birbirleriyle s\u00fcrekli m\u00fccadele etmi\u015flerdir. XII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Mo\u011fol kabileleri Orhun-Tula boylar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Kerayitler, Baykal g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcneyindeki Merkitler, \u0130rti\u015f civar\u0131ndaki Naymanlar idi. Bu s\u0131rada Karah\u0131taylar da Maver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir’de Harezm\u015fahlarla m\u00fccadele halindeydi. Cengiz Han’\u0131n mensubu oldu\u011fu K\u0131yat kabilesi ve di\u011fer Mo\u011fol kabileleri ise Onon-Ker\u00fclen boylar\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k h\u00e2lde ya\u015famaktayd\u0131lar.1155 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya gelen Cengiz (as\u0131l ad\u0131 Temu\u00e7in), hen\u00fcz \u00e7ocuk iken K\u0131yat kabilesinin han s\u00fclalesi Borcigidlerden gelen babas\u0131 Yes\u00fcgey Bahad\u0131r’\u0131n, Tatarlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle, kendini zorlu bir m\u00fccadelenin i\u00e7inde bulmu\u015ftur. Kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve zekas\u0131yla k\u0131sa zamanda sivrilen Cengiz, 20 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, b\u00f6lgede \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcce sahip Kerayitlerin beyi Tu\u011frul’un himayesini kabul edip, Cacirat beyi Camuka ile de kan karde\u015flik kurarak n\u00fcfuzunu ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. kongrat kabilesi beyinin k\u0131z\u0131 B\u00f6rte ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 evlilik ise m\u00fccadelesinde ona b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131ran Merkitleri, Kerayit ve Caciratlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla yenilgiye u\u011fratm\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan Buirnor Tatarlar\u0131n\u0131 ezmi\u015ftir (1198). Cengiz’in, Tu\u011frul Han ile birlikte Mo\u011folistan’da h\u00e2kimiyet kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na Camuka kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fsa da, 1201’de yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta Cengiz galip gelmi\u015ftir. Ard\u0131ndan Cengiz, \u00c7a\u011fan ve Al\u00e7\u0131 Tatarlar\u0131 \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, yenilgiye u\u011frayan Tatarlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu katledilmi\u015ftir (1202).
\n Temu\u00e7in’in gittik\u00e7e g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini kendi h\u00e2kimiyeti i\u00e7in tehlikeli bulan Kerayit han\u0131 Tu\u011frul, ittifak\u0131 bozarak Temu\u00e7in’e kar\u015f\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015f fakat yenilerek itaat alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1203). Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Camuka’n\u0131n da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, Naymanlar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki, Merkit, Oyrat, Tatar, gibi kabilelerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ittifakla m\u00fccadeleye giri\u015fen Temu\u00e7in, uzun m\u00fccadelelerden sonra galip gelip, b\u00fct\u00fcn Mo\u011fol kabilelerine h\u00e2kimiyetini kabul ettirmi\u015ftir(1206).
\n 1206 ilkbahar\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk ve Mo\u011fol kabilelerinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kurultayda Temu\u00e7in, Cengiz (\u00c7ingiz) ad\u0131n\u0131 alarak b\u00fcy\u00fck ka\u011fan il\u00e2n edildi. Bu tarihten itibaren Cengiz, s\u0131radan bir Mo\u011fol kabile lideri olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karak, cihan\u015f\u00fcmul bir devletin kurucusu ve han\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zellikle devletin yeniden te\u015fkil\u00e2tlanmas\u0131nda, kendisine g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc kat\u0131lan \u0130dikut Uygurlar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00d6ng\u00fctlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck tesiri vard\u0131r. Asker\u00ee sahada, devlet te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131nda ve daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde tebar\u00fcz edecek olan k\u00fclt\u00fcr hayat\u0131nda T\u00fcrk tesiri a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Nitekim Cengiz’in o\u011fullar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulacak \u00e7o\u011fu devlet k\u0131sa zamanda T\u00fcrkle\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\n B\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorluk kurmay\u0131 hedefleyen Cengiz, ilkin, Kansu ve Ordos b\u00f6lgesine hakim olan Tibet k\u00f6kenli Tangut devleti’ni itaat alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f (1209) ard\u0131ndan, Kuzey \u00c7in’deki Kin hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n merkezi durumundaki Pekin’i uzun s\u00fcren sava\u015flar neticesinde yerle bir etmi\u015ftir (1215).
\n Tibet ve \u00c7in’ h\u00e2kimiyetinden sonra Cengiz bat\u0131ya y\u00f6nelmi\u015f ve \u00f6n\u00fcnden ka\u00e7arak s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kara H\u0131tay Devleti’ni sonradan eline ge\u00e7iren Nayman prensi K\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck’\u00fcn \u00fczerine komutan\u0131 Cebe Noyan’\u0131 takiple g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015ftir. Nihayet Cebe Noyan 1218’de K\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck’\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece Karah\u0131taylar\u0131 devletine katan Cengiz, Harzem\u015fahlar ile kom\u015fu olmu\u015ftur. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n v\u00e2risi durumundaki Harezm\u015fahlar ile Cengiz ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bir dostluk anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015flar ise de Sultan Muhammed’in, Cengiz aleyhine Merkitleri desteklemesi ve Otrar \u015fehrinde Mo\u011fol el\u00e7ilik heyetinin esir al\u0131n\u0131p, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine anla\u015fma bozulur.
\n1220 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cengiz’e ba\u011fl\u0131 kuvvetler Otrar’dan ba\u015flayarak S\u0131\u011fnak, Urkent, Bar\u00e7\u0131nl\u0131gkent’i ele ge\u00e7irerek el\u00e7ilik heyetinin intikam\u0131n\u0131 kanl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ald\u0131lar. Buhara ve Semerkant gibi \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerin ard\u0131ndan devletin merkezi olan Harezm b\u00f6lgesindeki G\u00fcrgen\u00e7’te tahrip edildi. B\u00f6ylece Harzem\u015fah topraklar\u0131 tamamen Cengiz’in eline ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu (1221). Harzem\u015fahlar\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn Mavera\u00fcnnehir, Afganistan ve Horasan imparatorlu\u011fa dahil olurken bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki yerle\u015fik ve konar g\u00f6\u00e7er T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusunun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Mo\u011fol istil\u00e2s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7arak, Anadolu’ya Malazgirt’ten sonraki ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Cebe Noyan ve Sebutey gibi komutanlar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Kafkasya ve G\u00fcney Rusya’ya seferler d\u00fczenleyen Cengiz Han, 1227 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeni bir \u00c7in seferine bizzat \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Kansu yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Cengiz Han, Onon ve Ker\u00fclen \u0131rmaklar\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131nda, Burhan Haldun Da\u011flar\u0131’nda gizli bir yere g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcrken, geride Karadeniz’den B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanusa uzanan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devlet b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Cengiz Han daha sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na uygun olarak, \u00fclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131 o\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda taksim etmi\u015ftir. Bu payla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu Cuci De\u015ft-i K\u0131p\u00e7ak’\u0131n, \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrkistan’\u0131n, \u00d6geday do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinin ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flu Toluy Mo\u011folistan’\u0131n h\u00e2kimi olacakt\u0131r. Ancak Cengiz’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve merkezi ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131 ile beraber bu b\u00f6lgelerde m\u00fcstakil devletler kurulmu\u015ftur: Kubilay Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130lhanl\u0131lar, \u00c7a\u011fatay Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Alt\u0131n Orda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Cengiz \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n Orhun-Yenisey’deki Uygurlar\u0131 840 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortadan kald\u0131rmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan kendilerinin de Mo\u011fol h\u00e2kimiyetine girmeleriyle beraber, en eski T\u00fcrk yurdu Mo\u011follar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Art\u0131k X. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren gittik\u00e7e g\u00fc\u00e7lenen Mo\u011fol kabileleri, T\u00fcrklerin siyas\u00ee bir birlik olu\u015fturamamas\u0131ndan da yararlanarak, faaliyetlerini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar, ancak kendileri de g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir siyas\u00ee birlik olu\u015fturamad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi \u00fcstelik birbirleriyle s\u00fcrekli m\u00fccadele etmi\u015flerdir. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1415,1681,1680],"class_list":["post-479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-cengiz-imparatorlugu","tag-mogol","tag-uygurlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=479"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/479\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}