Sanayi \u0130nklab\u0131<\/p>\n
XVIII.Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda serbest g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ilk kentsel sanayi toplumunu yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ngiltere\u2019de XIX.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk 70 y\u0131l\u0131nda e\u015fine rastlanmam\u0131\u015f bir ekonomik geli\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.Geni\u015f ticari yay\u0131lmaya Fabrika \u00fcretim sisteminin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde uygulanmas\u0131na ve buharl\u0131 makinelerin gittik\u00e7e artan \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na dayanan sanayile\u015fmedeki geli\u015fmenin ard\u0131ndan n\u00fcfus b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi kentsel kalk\u0131nma ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi.Demir yollar\u0131n\u0131n ve buharl\u0131 gemilerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile birlikte buhar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc ula\u015f\u0131ma da uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.Kent ya\u015fam\u0131.\u0130ngiltere\u2019de pek \u00e7ok toplumsal siyasal kurumun ba\u015f g\u00f6stermesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Sanayi devrimi Avrupa\u2019ya ve Birle\u015fik devletlere s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131ktan sonra kurumlar ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde de standartla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130NG\u0130L\u0130Z \u00d6NC\u00dcL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc:<\/p>\n
1800 ile 1870 aras\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclen ekonomik ilerleme XVIII.y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmesini bile a\u015ft\u0131.\u00dcretimde dev art\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.Pik demir \u00fcretimi 60,k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi 10 kat\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.Toplam ticaretteki art\u0131\u015fta ayn\u0131 miktardayd\u0131.\u0130ngiltere makinele\u015fmesi ve fabrikalar yoluyla \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc di\u011fer \u00fclkelere kabul ettirmi\u015ftir.\u0130ngiltere d\u00fcnya \u00fcretiminin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u00fczdesini elinde tutuyordu.1825\u2019de STOCKTON ve DARL\u0130NGTON
\n Demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ile demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesi hammaddenin daha uza\u011fa daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve ucuz g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.
\n Di\u011fer bir yandanda bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemlerindede art\u0131k demiryollar\u0131 kullanl\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
MAL\u0130 \u00d6RG\u00dcTLENME:<\/p>\n
Sanayile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin artmas\u0131yla birlikte ta\u015fra \u015firketlerinin yerlerini yava\u015f yava\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck anonim \u015firketler al\u0131yordu.
\n \u0130ngiltere Bankas\u0131 t\u00fcm bankalar\u0131n garant\u00f6r\u00fc durumundayd\u0131.
\nTicaretin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi borsan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi demekti.1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ticaret merkezi ve mali kaynak merkeziydi.Zenginlerin say\u0131s\u0131 h\u0131zla artt\u0131.<\/p>\n
N\u00dcFUS B\u00dcY\u00dcMES\u0130:<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa\u2019da ekonominin ve sanayi nin h\u0131zla geli\u015fip b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi n\u00fcfus b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini de beraberinde getirdi.1805 ile 1851 y\u0131llar\u0131 ars\u0131nda n\u00fcfusu 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130ngiltere\u2019de art\u0131\u015f en fazla hissediliyordu.Yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 kentlerde oturan \u0130ngiltere art\u0131k bir tar\u0131m \u00fclkesi de\u011fildi.Bunun i\u00e7in \u0130ngiltere bir\u00e7ok kurum ve kurulu\u015f ile n\u00fcfus planlamas\u0131na gitti. Fabrika yasas\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ve 13 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zorunlulu\u011fu yasas\u0131n\u0131 getiriyordu.D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fccretleri ile \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7iler vard\u0131.Bunlar adeta bir i\u015f k\u00f6lesi durumunda idiler.Avrupal\u0131lar bu insanlar\u0131 kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131 ve sanayi devrimin en k\u00f6t\u00fc yan\u0131 13 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bile k\u00f6lelik yapmas\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Fransa,Almanya ve birle\u015fik devletler aradaki b\u00fcy\u00fck farklar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p \u0130ngiltere ile rekabet edecek duruma gelmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
POL\u0130T\u0130K REFORMLAR:<\/p>\n
Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131lar,benzer nedenlerden dolay\u0131 kaynaklanmaktayd\u0131.Sanayi devrimi,geleneksel ya\u015fant\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f ve yeni bir kent proletaryas\u0131 ile politik g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan geni\u015f bir burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.1815 Viyana antla\u015fmas\u0131yla Napolyon\u2019un ellerinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahtlar\u0131na yeniden krallar,ekonomik ve toplumsal tedirginli\u011fi artt\u0131r\u0131yordu.Politik reform isteyen ayd\u0131nlar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bu krallara y\u00f6nelttiler.Sanayi devrimi Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n hepsinde tamamlanm\u0131\u015f ama kentlere ta\u015f\u0131nan halk a\u00e7l\u0131k ve sefalet i\u00e7erisinde k\u00f6le gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015flerdi.Bu topluluklar 2.b\u00fcy\u00fck isyanlar\u0131n\u0131 1848 krizinde verdiler ama binlerce ki\u015fi daha \u00e7ok a\u00e7 ve i\u015fsiz kald\u0131.
\n Bu s\u0131rada Avrupa\u2019da kolera salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 psikolojik olarak halkta devletlerine kar\u015f\u0131 bir k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k ve panik h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
OKYANUSYA\u2019DA S\u00d6M\u00dcRGEC\u0130L\u0130K HAREKETLER\u0130:<\/p>\n
H\u0130NT ADALARI VE AVUSTURALYA:<\/p>\n
Bu s\u0131rada,g\u00fcneydo\u011fuda Portekiz g\u00fcc\u00fc zay\u0131flad\u0131 ve 1602\u2019de kurumu\u015f olan do\u011fu hindistan \u015firketi Malezya\u2019daki korsanlar\u0131 temizleyerek karl\u0131 baharat i\u015finin tek \u015firketi haline geldi.
\nAlt\u0131n ve Elmas yataklar\u0131 olan Bornco\u2019da Hollanda iktidar\u0131 pekte sa\u011flam de\u011fildi.B\u00fcy\u00fck okyanusta \u00f6nemli ke\u015fifler yap\u0131ld\u0131.1787\u2019de Avustralya\u2019y\u0131 tamamen s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeler\u015ftiren \u0130ngiltere \u00f6nceleri ceza s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi olarak ve daha sonra hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla Kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.0raadaki yerli halk\u0131n orta \u00e7a\u011fdan kalan sopa,ta\u015f,m\u0131zrak gibi silahlar\u0131 ate\u015fli silahlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hi\u00e7 etkili olam\u0131yordu.Bunun sonucu tazmanya yerli halk\u0131 ortadan siliyordu.
\nOradaki halk alt\u0131n zenginli\u011finden 5 kuru\u015f pay alamadan \u00f6l\u00fcyordu ya\u011fma ediliyordu.<\/p>\n
EMPERYAL\u0130ZM: XIX. Y\u00dcZYIL
\nBR\u0130TANYA\u2019NIN Y\u00dcKSEL\u0130\u015e\u0130:<\/p>\n
XVII.Y\u00fczy\u0131lda ve XIX.Y\u00fczy\u0131lda eski \u0130spanya,Portekiz ve Hollanda \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131 gerilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.Bir dizi ayaklanma \u0130spanya ve di\u011ferlerini s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerinden kopard\u0131.Bu \u00fclkelerin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerini alan Britanya b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelere ve ayr\u0131ca Afrika ve Asya\u2019da bir\u00e7ok adac\u0131k ve yere sahip olunca Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc deniz devleti olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
\n1800 y\u0131l\u0131nda: D\u00dcNYANIN %55 \u2018i…
\n1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda: D\u00dcNYANIN %67 \u2018si…
\n1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda: D\u00dcNYANIN %84 \u2018\u00fc <\/p>\n
Avrupal\u0131 devletlerin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi alt\u0131na girdi.<\/p>\n
1914\u2019TE S\u00d6M\u00dcRGELER\u0130N Y\u00dcZ\u00d6L\u00c7\u00dcM\u00dc:<\/p>\n
*\u0130NG\u0130LTERE: 32.0 M\u0130LYON KM VE 391 M\u0130LYON N\u00dcFUS
\n*FRANSA: 10.5 M\u0130LYON KM VE 62.3 M\u0130LYON N\u00dcFUS
\n*ALMANYA: 3.2 M\u0130LYON KM VE 13 M\u0130LYON N\u00dcFUS
\n*BEL\u00c7\u0130KA: 2.5 M\u0130LYON KM VE 15 M\u0130LYON N\u00dcFUS
\n*PORTEK\u0130Z: 2.2 M\u0130LYON KM VE 10 M\u0130LYON N\u00dcFUS
\n*HOLLANDA: 1.9 M\u0130LYON KM VE 37.4 M\u0130LYON N\u00dcFUS
\n*\u0130TALYA: 1.5 M\u0130LYON KM VE 1.3 M\u0130LYON N\u00dcFUS<\/p>\n
\u015eeklin de Avrupal\u0131 devletlerde s\u00f6m\u00fcrge edinme politikas\u0131 devam ediyordu.Bu s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin sonucu Amerika Birle\u015fik devletlerinin B\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle ba\u015flay\u0131p Lincoln\u2019\u00fcn hali g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme karar\u0131 almas\u0131ndan sonra A.B.D \u2018de \u00e7\u0131kan i\u00e7 sava\u015f ile son derece \u00f6nemli bir hal al\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00c7ift\u00e7ilikle u\u011fra\u015fan Amerikan toplumu i\u00e7 sava\u015f sonunda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en zengin milleti durumuna gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00c7 SAVA\u015eTAN I. D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eINA:<\/p>\n
USS Maine gemisinin Havana liman\u0131nda may\u0131na \u00e7arparak batmas\u0131na k\u0131zan Amerika \u0130spanya\u2019ya sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131.3 aydan az bir s\u00fcrede \u0130spanya yenildi ve K\u00fcba ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti.Daha sonra Avrupa devletleri bilindi\u011fi gibi bloklara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcp silahlanmaya ba\u015flard\u0131lar ve 1.d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sanayi \u0130nklab\u0131 XVIII.Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda serbest g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ilk kentsel sanayi toplumunu yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ngiltere\u2019de XIX.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk 70 y\u0131l\u0131nda e\u015fine rastlanmam\u0131\u015f bir ekonomik geli\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.Geni\u015f ticari yay\u0131lmaya Fabrika \u00fcretim sisteminin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde uygulanmas\u0131na ve buharl\u0131 makinelerin gittik\u00e7e artan \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na dayanan sanayile\u015fmedeki geli\u015fmenin ard\u0131ndan n\u00fcfus b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi kentsel kalk\u0131nma ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi.Demir yollar\u0131n\u0131n ve buharl\u0131 gemilerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile birlikte …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1685,1689,1688],"class_list":["post-485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-avrupa","tag-napolyon","tag-sanayi-inklabi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=485"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/485\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}