ZONAL TOPRAKLAR ( YERL\u0130 TOPRAKLAR )<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde d\u00fcz ve hafif e\u011fimli alanlarda iklim \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda olu\u015fan fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 horizonlar ve katlar g\u00f6steren topraklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
KIRMIZI RENKL\u0130 AKDEN\u0130Z TOPRAKLARI ( TERRA \u2013 ROSSA )<\/p>\n
Bu topraklar, Marmara B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin g\u00fcney kesimi ile Ege B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin tamam\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\n Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 marn kil ve konglomera ve gnayslar \u00fczerine olu\u015fmu\u015f topraklard\u0131r. Topra\u011f\u0131n rengi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ac\u0131k k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve sar\u0131 renktedir. Toprak iri taneli ve killidir. Toprak kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinde olu\u015fsa bile kire\u00e7li bir yap\u0131da de\u011fildir bunun sebebi yeterince y\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Toros da\u011flar\u0131nda 1000 m den y\u00fcksek sahalarda topra\u011f\u0131n rengi organik madde birikiminden dolay\u0131 koyula\u015farak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 kahve ve kahverengine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
KAHVERENG\u0130 ORMAN TOPRAKLARI<\/p>\n
Bu topraklar, Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesinde, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da 1200 m\u2019den Y\u00fcksek alanlarda Trakya\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde Y\u0131ld\u0131z Da\u011flar\u0131nda \u0130\u00e7 Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da ve G\u00fcney Do\u011fu Toroslar\u2019da yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131nda geli\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in toprak organik madde bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir ve koyu renklidir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu e\u011fimli alanlarda toprak asitli reaksiyon g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
PODSOL\u00dcMS\u00dc ve PODZOL TOPRAKLAR<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 8\u00b0C\u2019nin alt\u0131nda ve y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131n 1000 mm \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu nemli \u00e7ok nemli \u2013 so\u011fuk ortamlarda kay\u0131n, sar\u0131\u00e7am ve ladin ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermektedir. Bolu Alada\u011flar\u2019da, Y\u0131ld\u0131z ve Do\u011fu Karadeniz Da\u011flar\u0131nda ve Uluda\u011f\u2019\u0131n y\u00fcksek kesimlerinde bu topraklara s\u0131k\u00e7a rastlan\u0131r. Bu topraklar fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015ftan dolay\u0131 fazlaca y\u0131kanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Fazla y\u0131kanmadan dolay\u0131 toprak asit reaksiyonludur ve besin maddeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a fakirdir.<\/p>\n
S\u0130EROZEMLER<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n 300 mm\u2019nin alt\u0131nda Konya ovas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu kesiminde g\u00f6r\u00fclen toprak \u00e7e\u015fididir. Toprak organik madde bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a fakirdir bu topraklar y\u0131kanman\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k renklidir. Karbonat birikiminden ve y\u0131kanman\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dolay\u0131 toprak alkelen reaksiyon g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
KAHVERENG\u0130 STEP TOPRAKLARI<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n 400 mm alt\u0131nda ve y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 8 \u2013 12 \u00b0C aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde, Do\u011fu Anadolu ovalar\u0131nda step ve uzun boylu step \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc alt\u0131nda geli\u015fme g\u00f6steren topraklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 y\u0131kanma miktar\u0131 azd\u0131r ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak karbonatlar topraktan uzakla\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu topraklar alkalen reaksiyon g\u00f6steririler. Bu topraklar\u0131n rengi kahve koyu kahve sar\u0131ms\u0131 kahve olup \u00fczerinde genel olarak kuru tar\u0131m yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n
KETANE ve KIRMIZIMSI KESTANE RENKL\u0130 TOPRAKLAR<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n 400 mm \u00fczerinde, y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 6 \u2013 10 \u00b0C ars\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019nun platolar\u0131nda, \u0130\u00e7 Bat\u0131 Anadolu ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da uzun boylu ot vejetasyonunun alt\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Bu topraklar organik madde bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a zengindir ve taneli yap\u0131dad\u0131r. \u00dczerlerinde tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu topraklar nispeten y\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 karbonat bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fakir say\u0131l\u0131rlar ve hafif asit reaksiyon g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n
K\u0130RE\u00c7S\u0130Z KAHVERENG\u0130 TOPRAKLAR<\/p>\n
Bu topraklar, ana materyalin granit, silisli \u015fist, andezit gibi silisli olan ve \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019nun kuzey ve do\u011fusu ile \u0130\u00e7 Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da 1000 m\u2019nin \u00fczerinde step orman\u0131 veya kuru ormanlar alt\u0131nda geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Besin maddeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fakir olan bu topraklar y\u0131kanman\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hafif asitli reaksiyon g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n
KIRMIZIMSI KAHVERENG\u0130 TOPRAKLAR<\/p>\n
G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin tipik topraklar\u0131 olan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 kahverengi topraklar yar\u0131 kurak karasal iklim \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n etkili oldu\u011fu step vejetasyonu alt\u0131nda olu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131 ve demirin iyi oksitlenmesini sa\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in toprak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renk alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu toprak \u00fczerinde genellikle tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ERNEZYOMLAR<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 3 \u2013 6 \u00b0C, y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n 500 \u2013 700 mm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi Erzurum \u2013 Kars dolaylar\u0131nda 1600 \u2013 2000 m y\u00fckseklikteki plato alanlar\u0131nda bazalt ve neojen karasal depolar\u0131 \u00fczerinde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu topraklar \u00fczerinde 1 m yi bulan \u00e7ay\u0131r \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcnden olu\u015fan organik madde s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yeterince ayr\u0131\u015famamaktad\u0131r. Toprag\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131 organik madde bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin alt k\u0131sm\u0131 ise (1 m alt\u0131) kire\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir.<\/p>\n
Bu topraklar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en verimli topraklar\u0131 olarak kabul edilir ama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yetersiz olu\u015fundan dolay\u0131 \u00fczerinde sadece s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yererli oldu\u011fu alanlarda tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130NTRAZONAL TOPRAKLAR<\/p>\n
Bu topraklar, \u00fclkemizde a\u015f\u0131nman\u0131n devaml\u0131 oldu\u011fu da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda ve birikmenin h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc al\u00fcvyal ovalar\u0131m\u0131zda ve da\u011flar\u0131n eteklerinde yayg\u0131n olarak bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu topraklar ana kayan\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131ndaki topraklard\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6yle ki ana kaya kulu ise toprak kumlu ana kaya tuzlu ise toprakta tuzludur.<\/p>\n
ANA METERYAL\u0130N ETK\u0130L\u0130 OLDU\u011eU TOPRAKLAR<\/p>\n
Kumlu \u2013 \u00c7ak\u0131ll\u0131 Topraklar<\/p>\n
A\u015fan\u0131m\u0131n aktif olarak devam etti\u011fi e\u011fimli yama\u00e7lar boyunca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yay\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikleri belirtilen ana kaya \u00fczerindeki kumlu \u2013 \u00e7ak\u0131ll\u0131 topraklar g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Fili\u015fler \u00dczerindeki Kumlu \u2013 \u00c7ak\u0131ll\u0131 Topraklar<\/p>\n
Kuzey Anadolu ve Toros Da\u011flar\u0131 boyunca yer yer \u015feritler halinde uzanan kum ta\u015f\u0131 kilta\u015f\u0131 kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131lta\u015f\u0131 tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde olu\u015fan topraklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Volkanik Arazilerdeki Kumlu Topraklar<\/p>\n
Kum ve mil boyutunda olan volkanik t\u00fcf ve kum gibi depolar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ile olu\u015fan topraklard\u0131r. Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f dolaylar\u0131nda, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da Karap\u0131nar, Erciyes Karacada\u011f, \u00dcrg\u00fcp \u2013 Nev\u015fehir dolaylar\u0131nda Afyon \u00e7evresinde Isparta G\u00f6lc\u00fck, \u0130zmir Fo\u00e7a civar\u0131nda ve K\u0131z\u0131lcahamam dolaylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Aglomeralar \u00dczerindeki \u00c7ak\u0131ll\u0131 Topraklar<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da belirtilen alanlarda ayr\u0131ca aglomeralarda ince volkanik malzeme ile kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00e7ak\u0131l ve blok boyutunda kayalar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu yerlerdeki topraklarda Aglomeralar \u00fczerindeki \u00e7ak\u0131ll\u0131 topraklar denilmektedir. Tar\u0131msal de\u011feri yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kristalen \u015eist ve Asit \u0130ntr\u00fczifler \u00dczerindeki Kumlu Topraklar<\/p>\n
Gnays mika\u015fist kuvarst, kuvarsit ve kuvarsit \u015fist gibi metamorfik kaya\u00e7lar \u00fczerinde olu\u015fmu\u015f topraklard\u0131r. Bu topraklara Y\u0131ld\u0131z Bozda\u011f, Ayd\u0131n da\u011flar\u0131, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Toroslar\u2019da Kahramanmara\u015f G\u00fcney Marmara B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Kap\u0131da\u011f yar\u0131m adas\u0131 Do\u011fu Karadeniz de Ka\u00e7kar da\u011flar\u0131nda Bursa Uluda\u011f\u2019da s\u0131k\u00e7a rastlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
KALS\u0130MORF\u0130K TOPRAKLAR<\/p>\n
Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 marn gibi kire\u00e7li ana kayan\u0131n etkisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fmu\u015f olan topraklard\u0131r. Bu guruba vertisol\u2019ler rendzina topraklar\u0131 d\u00e2hil edilebilir.<\/p>\n
Vertisol\u2019ler ( D\u00f6nen Topraklar )<\/p>\n
Killi kire\u00e7li depolar\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu Mu\u015f Ovas\u0131, Ergene Ovas\u0131, Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn g\u00fcney do\u011fusunda Bursa \u2013 Karacabey aras\u0131nda Menemen ve Bornova ovas\u0131 ile Konya havzas\u0131n\u0131n muhtelif yerlerinde Bafra Ovas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde kil miktar\u0131n\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu kire\u00e7li topraklara rastlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu topraklarda kil fazla oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yaz aylar\u0131nda kuruduklar\u0131 zaman 1 m derili\u011fe kadar \u00e7atlaklar olu\u015fur. Bu topraklar\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 organik madde bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in koyu renkli topraklard\u0131r. Bu topraklar tar\u0131m i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli de\u011fildirler.<\/p>\n
Rendzinalar<\/p>\n
Bu topraklar killi \u2013 kire\u00e7li g\u00f6l depolar\u0131n\u0131n veya yumu\u015fak kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da, Ege ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc sahlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu topraklar kire\u00e7li ve koyu renklidir. Besin maddeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin olan bu topraklar tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in elveri\u015flidir.<\/p>\n
HALOMORF\u0130K TOPRAKLAR<\/p>\n
Bu topraklar delta alanlar\u0131m\u0131zda topraklar\u0131n deniz suyuna temas etmesiyle olu\u015furlar. Toprak olu\u015fumu tersine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr yani torak toprak olmaktan uzakla\u015f\u0131r. Bu topraklar tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli de\u011fildir. \u00dclkemizde delta ovalar\u0131n\u0131n deniz kenar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n
Solan\u00e7aklar ( Tuzlu Topraklar )<\/p>\n
Bu topraklar Konya Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n al\u00e7ak kesimlerinde delta ovarl\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n deniz kenar\u0131nda Erzurum Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n merkezi kesiminde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrler. Yaz aylar\u0131nda toprakta birikmi\u015f olan tuz buharla\u015fman\u0131n etkisiyle topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda birikir. Bu topraklar \u00fczerinde tuzlu topraklarda yeti\u015fen otlar yeti\u015fir ve tar\u0131m yap\u0131lmaz<\/p>\n
Alkali Topraklar<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da Ere\u011fli\u2019nin kuzeyi Karap\u0131na\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusu ve kuzeyinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrler. Bu topraklar kuvvetli alkalen \u00f6zellik g\u00f6steririler. Ana kayada buluna karbonatlar topra\u011f\u0131n y\u00fczeyinde birikmi\u015flerdir bu y\u00fczden kuvvetli alkalen reaksiyon g\u00f6steririler. Bu topraklar \u00fczerinde tar\u0131m yap\u0131lmaz ve \u00fczerlerinde nadirde olsa c\u0131l\u0131z otsu bitkiler ya\u015far.<\/p>\n
Tuzlu Alkali ( \u00c7orak Topraklar )<\/p>\n
Bu topraklar iki \u015fekilde olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r ya ana kayan\u0131n tuzlu ve alkali olmas\u0131ndan yada tuzlu alkali maddeler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin olan yer alt\u0131 ve taban suyunun y\u00fczeye buharla\u015fman\u0131n ( kapileritenin ) etkisiyle \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ve birikmenin etkisiyle olu\u015furlar. Bu topraklara Oltu Narman havzas\u0131, Ka\u011f\u0131zman \u2013 I\u011fd\u0131r \u2013 K\u00f6tek \u00fc\u00e7geninde, \u015eebinkarahisar civar\u0131nda. K\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerimizde ise Antalya \u2013 Serik aras\u0131nda Burdur Ac\u0131 g\u00f6l civar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu topraklar hi\u00e7bir i\u015fe yaramayan en verimsiz topraklar aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
H\u0130DROMORF\u0130K ve ORGAN\u0130K TOPRAKLAR<\/p>\n
Bu guruba giren topraklar y\u0131l\u0131n belli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya tamam\u0131nda su alt\u0131nda klan sahalarda, ayr\u0131ca y\u00fcksek da\u011flardaki \u00e7ukur alanlarda ve \u00e7ay\u0131rlar alt\u0131nda olu\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Hidromorfik Topraklar<\/p>\n
Bu topraklar taban suyu seviyesinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu Mu\u015f Ovas\u0131, Erzurum Ovalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu kesimlerinde \u00c7ukurova\u2019da eski akarsu yataklar\u0131nda Menderes, Gediz, Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak, \u00c7ar\u015famba ve Adapazar\u0131 ovalar\u0131nda topra\u011f\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre su alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu topraklar s\u00fcrekli su alt\u0131nda kald\u0131klar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 asitli reaksiyon g\u00f6steririler ve bu topraklar \u00fczerinde suyu \u00e7ok seven sazl\u0131klar ve kam\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar yeti\u015fir buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ta bu topraklarda organik madde birikimi olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r. Bu topraklar oksijensiz bir ortamda olu\u015ftuklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 genelde renkleri boz, ye\u015fil, mavimsi renktedirler.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek Da\u011f\u2013\u00c7ay\u0131r, ve Turba veya Organik Topraklar<\/p>\n
Orman s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde kalan da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda, \u00f6zellikle Kuzey Anadolu da\u011flar\u0131ndaki alpin \u00e7ay\u0131rlar alt\u0131nda bu topraklara rastlan\u0131r. Bu alanlarda toprak olu\u015fum s\u00fcresi 2 \u2013 4 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi ge\u00e7mez bu durumun bir sonucu olarak toprak kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 15 \u2013 20 cm ge\u00e7emez ve toprak asit reaksiyonludur. Bu topalaklar \u00fczerinde alpin \u00e7ay\u0131rlar yeti\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in organik madde bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindirler.<\/p>\n
Turba ve Organik Topraklar<\/p>\n
Bu topraklar g\u00f6l kenarlar\u0131nda suyu seven bitkilerin at\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Bu topraklara Mara\u015f grabeninde K\u00f6yce\u011fiz G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresinde Sultan sazl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Simav, Erdek, Abant ve Yeni\u00e7a\u011f g\u00f6lleri kenarlar\u0131nda Uluda\u011f, Nurda\u011f ve Alada\u011flar\u2019daki \u00e7ukur alanlarda rastlan\u0131r<\/p>\n
AZONAL TOPRAKLAR TA\u015eINMI\u015e TOPRAKLAR<\/p>\n
Devaml\u0131 olarak ta\u015fk\u0131na u\u011frayan alanlarda olu\u015fan millenme ve a\u015f\u0131nmaya u\u011frayan alanlarda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ana materyalin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, toprak olu\u015fumunu engellemektedir. Bu sahalarda hem a\u015f\u0131nmaya u\u011frayan k\u0131s\u0131mlarda hem de birikmenin oldu\u011fu alanlarda toprakta horizonla\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fememektedir. Bu topraklarda sadece A horizonu ( A kat\u0131 ) olu\u015fur<\/p>\n
AL\u00dcVYAL TOPRAKLAR<\/p>\n
Devaml\u0131 olarak ta\u015fk\u0131n ve millenmeye u\u011frayan delta sahlar\u0131nda ve ta\u015fk\u0131n ovarlar\u0131m\u0131zda bu topraklara s\u0131k\u00e7a rastlan\u0131r. Buralar \u00c7ukurova, Asi, G\u00f6ksu, K\u00f6yce\u011fiz, B\u00fcy\u00fck ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes, Gediz, Bak\u0131r\u00e7ay, Sakarya, Bafra, \u00c7ar\u015famba, delta ovalar\u0131 ile Konya ovas\u0131n\u0131n kenarlar\u0131 Mu\u015f, Erzurum, Erba ve Niksar ovalar\u0131n\u0131n merkezi kesimlerinde. Al\u00fcvyal topraklar akarsular taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ince ve mil boyutundad\u0131r. Bu topraklar dikey y\u00f6nde \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterirken yatay y\u00f6nde pek de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermezler. Al\u00fcvyal topraklar i\u015flemeye uygun ve tar\u0131m i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli topraklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
REGOSOL\u2019 LER<\/p>\n
Kumlu depolar \u00fczerinde bulunan topraklard\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fu kum boyutunda olan asitik karakter g\u00f6steren volkanik arazilerde olu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 ve Do\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesindeki volkanik arazilarde bu topraklara rastlan\u0131r. Bu topraklar kumlu oldukar\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcnyelerinde su bar\u0131nd\u0131ramazlar suyu hemen alt tabakaya ge\u00e7irirler. Bu sebepten dolay\u0131 toprakta humusla\u015fma meydana gelemez ve bununda sonucu olarak toprak verimsizdir. Bu topraklar\u0131n kumlu olmas\u0131 yumrulu bitkilerin yeti\u015fmesi i\u00e7in elveri\u015flidir.<\/p>\n
KOL\u00dcVYAL TOPRAKLAR<\/p>\n
Da\u011flar\u0131n eteklerinde ve yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nan topraklar\u0131n birikmesiyle olu\u015furlar. Bu topraklar iri taneli bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme sahiptir. Bu topraklar ba\u011f bah\u00e7e tar\u0131m\u0131na uygundur. \u00dczerlerinde ormanlar yeti\u015febilir.<\/p>\n
L\u0130TOSOL\u2019LER ( TA\u015eLI TOPRAKLAR )<\/p>\n
Da\u011fl\u0131k alanlar\u0131n e\u011fimli yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131nman\u0131n s\u00fcrekli devam etmesi nedeniyle ana materyalin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesinden olu\u015fmu\u015f topraklard\u0131r. Bu topraklar her da\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131n e\u011fimli yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda olu\u015famaz ancak anakayan\u0131n kalker mermer gibi ta\u015farl\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu topraklar tar\u0131m i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli de\u011fildir ve \u00fczerlerinde bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc yoktur. \u00dclkemizde bu topraklara Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde Ta\u015feli platosunda Boz da\u011flarda Bitlis da\u011flar\u0131nda \u0130\u00e7 ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019daki volkanik konilerde rastlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ZONAL TOPRAKLAR ( YERL\u0130 TOPRAKLAR ) \u00dclkemizde d\u00fcz ve hafif e\u011fimli alanlarda iklim \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda olu\u015fan fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 horizonlar ve katlar g\u00f6steren topraklard\u0131r. KIRMIZI RENKL\u0130 AKDEN\u0130Z TOPRAKLARI ( TERRA \u2013 ROSSA ) Bu topraklar, Marmara B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin g\u00fcney kesimi ile Ege B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin tamam\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 marn kil ve …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[10451,10455,10457,10452,4019,2793,4131,3216,10450,10453,10454,3648,10458,10449,10456],"class_list":["post-4878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-aglomera","tag-alkali-topraklar","tag-corak-topraklar","tag-donen-topraklar","tag-hidromorfik-topraklar","tag-ic-anadolu","tag-karbonat","tag-kirectasi","tag-kumlu--cakilli-topraklar","tag-rendzinalar","tag-solancaklar","tag-toros-daglari","tag-turba-ve-organik-topraklar","tag-turkiyede-baslica-toprak-tipleri","tag-tuzlu-alkali"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4878"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4878\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}