\u0130nsanlar\u0131n, do\u011fduklar\u0131 yerden ba\u015fka yerlere ge\u00e7ici ya da s\u00fcrekli olmak \u00fczere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 denir. G\u00f6\u00e7ler ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
A. \u0130\u00c7G\u00d6\u00c7LER<\/p>\n
\u00dclke i\u00e7erisinde, n\u00fcfusun yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7 denir. \u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7lerle bir \u00fclkenin toplam n\u00fcfusunda de\u011fi\u015fme olmaz. Sadece, b\u00f6lgelerin ve illerin n\u00fcfusunda artma ya da azalma meydana gelir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7ler, s\u00fcrekli ve mevsimlik g\u00f6\u00e7ler olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1. S\u00fcrekli \u0130\u00e7 G\u00f6\u00e7ler<\/p>\n
\u00dclke i\u00e7erisinde yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren insanlar\u0131n, g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri yerlere yerle\u015fmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de, Cumhuriyetin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar, \u00f6zellikle k\u0131rsal alanlardan kentlere do\u011fru h\u0131zl\u0131 bir g\u00f6\u00e7 olay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
1927’de kent n\u00fcfusu % 24, k\u0131r n\u00fcfusu % 76 iken 1997’de bu oran kentte % 65, k\u0131rda % 35 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Yani, 70 y\u0131lda kent n\u00fcfusu % 40 oran\u0131nda artarken, k\u0131r n\u00fcfusu ayn\u0131 oranda azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131r n\u00fcfusunun do\u011furganl\u0131k oran\u0131 kent n\u00fcfusundan daha fazla oldu\u011fu halde, oran olarak azalmas\u0131 k\u0131rdan kentlere do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 olgusunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7ler 1950 y\u0131lma kadar fazla etkili olmam\u0131\u015f ve k\u0131r – kent n\u00fcfus oranlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7ler 1950’den itibaren, ula\u015f\u0131m a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi ve k\u0131rsal alanlara kadar ula\u015fmas\u0131na, sanayile\u015fmenin artmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bunun sonucunda, k\u0131rsal n\u00fcfus oran olarak devaml\u0131 azalma, kent n\u00fcfusu da devaml\u0131 artma g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn nedenleri
\n \u2022 K\u0131rsal alanlardaki h\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131
\n \u2022 Miras yoluyla tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n daralmas\u0131 ve ailelerin ge\u00e7imini kar\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131
\n \u2022 Tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz gelmesi ve erozyonun artmas\u0131yla topra\u011f\u0131n verimsiz hale gelmesi
\n \u2022 Tar\u0131mda makinele\u015fmenin artmas\u0131 ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tar\u0131msal i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131
\n \u2022 K\u0131rsal kesimde i\u015f imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131
\n \u2022 Ekonomik istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ve sosyal problemler
\n \u2022 E\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin yetersizli\u011fi
\n \u2022 iklim ve yer\u015fek\u0131ller\u0131n\u0131n olumsuz etkileri
\n \u2022 Kentlerde sanayinin geli\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 i\u015f imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131
\n \u2022 Kentlerde e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7, k\u0131rsal kesimde n\u00fcfusun artmas\u0131 ve kentlerde sanayile\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, i\u015f bulma imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesiyle art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermistir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7teki en b\u00fcy\u00fck etken ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde y\u00fcksek oranda g\u00f6\u00e7 veren filerin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\u2022 D. Anadolu’da, Kars, Tunceli, Bitlis, A\u011fr\u0131, Mu\u015f, Bing\u00f6l, S\u0131mak
\n \u2022 G. D. Anadolu’da, Ad\u0131yaman, Mardin
\n \u2022 Karadeniz’de, Zonguldak, Ere\u011fli, Samsun \u00e7evresi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki iller
\n \u2022 \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu’da, Sivas, Yozgat, \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131, K\u0131r\u015fehir, Ni\u011fde, Nev\u015fehir
\n \u2022 Ege’de, Afyon, U\u015fak, K\u00fctahya
\n \u2022 Akdeniz’de, Burdur, \u0130sparta, K. Mara\u015f
\n \u2022 Marmara’da, \u00c7anakkale, K\u0131rklareli, Edime, Bilecik<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7, \u00f6zellikle Karadeniz ve Do\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgelerindeki illerde daha fazla olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek oranda g\u00f6\u00e7 alan \u015fehirlerin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul, Ankara, izmir, Adana, Bursa, \u015e. Urfa, Antalya, Mersin, Konya, Samsun, Gaziantep, Diyarbak\u0131r gibi illerdir. \u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7, \u00fclkemizde \u00f6zellikle sanayile\u015fmi\u015f merkezlere daha fazla olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7lerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/p>\n
\u2022 \u00dclke genelinde n\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dengesizlik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n \u2022 Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar dengesiz da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r.
\n \u2022 K\u0131rsal kesim yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda verimsizlik meydana gelir.
\n \u2022 D\u00fczensiz kentle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. ‘
\n \u2022 Sanayi tesisleri kent i\u00e7inde kal\u0131r. Kentlerde konut s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekilir. Kent n\u00fcfusunda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 art\u0131\u015f meydana gelir.
\n \u2022 Alt yap\u0131 hizmetlerinde (yol, su, elektrik) yetersizlik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n \u2022 Kentlerde i\u015fsiz insanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 artar.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in,
\n \u2022 Tar\u0131mda sulama imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak,
\n \u2022 Intansif tar\u0131m metodunu geli\u015ftirmek,
\n \u2022 Besi ve ah\u0131r hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek ve yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak,
\n \u2022 K\u0131rsal kesimde e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak,
\n \u2022 Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 sanayi kollar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rsal alanlara y\u00f6nlendirmek,
\n \u2022 K\u0131rsal kesimde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sanayi kollar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek, vb. gereklidir.<\/p>\n
2. Mevsimlik \u0130\u00e7 G\u00f6\u00e7ler<\/p>\n
K\u0131rsal kesimdeki baz\u0131 ailelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere, tar\u0131m\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere, yaz turizminin geli\u015fti\u011fi yerlere bir m\u00fcddet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeleri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. <\/p>\n
Yaylaya \u00e7\u0131kma olay\u0131 da mevsimlik g\u00f6\u00e7ler i\u00e7erisinde yer al\u0131r. Mevsimlik g\u00f6\u00e7lerle Adana, Mersin, Hatay, Ayd\u0131n, Mu\u011fla, Antalya gibi merkezlerde, yaz ile k\u0131\u015f mevsimleri aras\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfus miktarlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fmeler olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 K\u0131rsal kesimden g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin \u00f6zellikleri
\n \u2022 Genellikle gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfus g\u00f6\u00e7 etmektedir.
\n \u2022 Erkek n\u00fcfus, kad\u0131ndan daha fazla g\u00f6\u00e7 etmektedir.
\n \u2022 | G\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin \u00e7o\u011fu sanayi ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.\u2022 G\u00f6\u00e7 sonucunda kentlerde h\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 meydana gelmi\u015ftir.
\n \u2022 Sanayile\u015fme g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.
\n \u2022 Kentle\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131 sanayile\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksektir.
\n \u2022 B\u00f6lgelerin toplam n\u00fcfusu ve n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\u00f6\u00e7lerle h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de D\u0131\u015f G\u00f6\u00e7ler<\/p>\n
Bir \u00fclkeden di\u011fer bir \u00fclkeye yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7lere d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 denir. D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7lerin ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenleri:<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ekonomik nedenlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya gidilmesi
\n \u2022 Tabii afetler
\n \u2022 Sava\u015flar
\n \u2022 Etnik nedenler
\n \u2022 S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi
\n \u2022 Uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalarla sa\u011flanan n\u00fcfus de\u011fi\u015fimi<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7lerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/p>\n
\u2022 G\u00f6\u00e7 eden \u00fclkede n\u00fcfus artar, g\u00f6\u00e7 veren \u00fclkede ise azal\u0131r.
\n \u2022 \u00dclkeler aras\u0131nda ekonomik ili\u015fkiler geli\u015fir.
\n \u2022 \u00dclkeler aras\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkiler geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7ler ve T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemize 1923 – 1989 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu Balkan \u00fclkelerinden olmak \u00fczere 2,2 milyon g\u00f6\u00e7 olmu\u015ftur. Bu say\u0131 n\u00fcfusumuzun % 5’ini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
1950’den sonra, ba\u015fta Almanya olmak \u00fczere yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na i\u015f\u00e7i gitmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn Fransa, Bel\u00e7ika, Hollanda, \u0130ngiltere, \u0130sve\u00e7, ABD, Avustralya, Libya, S. Arabistan, Kuveyt ve Orta Asya \u00fclkelerinde i\u015f\u00e7ilerimiz bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfusumuz 4 milyonu ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’den yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 sonucunda;<\/p>\n
\u2022 \u00dclkemize giren i\u015f\u00e7i d\u00f6vizi artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n \u2022 \u00dclke turizminin geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n \u2022 T\u00fcrk ticaretinin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 20 sine kaynak olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.
\n \u2022 Artan n\u00fcfusun i\u015fsizlik sorununa k\u0131smen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n, do\u011fduklar\u0131 yerden ba\u015fka yerlere ge\u00e7ici ya da s\u00fcrekli olmak \u00fczere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 denir. G\u00f6\u00e7ler ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. A. \u0130\u00c7G\u00d6\u00c7LER \u00dclke i\u00e7erisinde, n\u00fcfusun yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7 denir. \u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7lerle bir \u00fclkenin toplam n\u00fcfusunda de\u011fi\u015fme olmaz. Sadece, b\u00f6lgelerin ve illerin n\u00fcfusunda artma ya da azalma meydana gelir. \u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7ler, s\u00fcrekli ve mevsimlik g\u00f6\u00e7ler olmak \u00fczere ikiye …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[10462,10460,10117,10119,10120,10121,10461,10459],"class_list":["post-4880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-dis-goclerin-sonuclari","tag-hizli-nufus-artisi","tag-ic-goc","tag-ic-goclerin-sonuclari","tag-mevsimlik-ic-gocler","tag-tabii-afetler","tag-turkiyede-dis-gocler","tag-turkiyede-gocler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4880"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4880\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}