Co\u011frafya’n\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 temel prensibi vard\u0131r<\/p>\n
1. Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f Prensibi:Bu prensip co\u011frafyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli prensibidir. Co\u011frafya ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na neden olan konular\u0131n belirli bir alandaki yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve bulunu\u015f bi\u00e7imleri, da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f olarak ifade edilir. Buradaki alan bir y\u00f6re olabilece\u011fi gibi, havza, b\u00f6l\u00fcm, b\u00f6lge, \u00fclke, k\u0131ta ve hatta d\u00fcnya olabilir.
\n Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilecek olan konu ise; bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, yer \u015fekilleri, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, n\u00fcfus, tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131, sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131 gibi daha pek \u00e7ok veri olabilir. Bu verilerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fal \u00f6zellikleridir. Di\u011fer bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise insan etkinlikleri sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f eserlerdir.
\n Co\u011frafyada bir konunun veya olay\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 belirtilirken dikkat edilmesi gereken en \u00f6nemli nokta yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerinin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ifade edilmesidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’deki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken \u00f6nce yatay da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f belirtilir. Bu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f harita \u00fczerinde g\u00f6sterilir. Haritaya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman T\u00fcrkiye’deki tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n nerelerde bulundu\u011fu, ne kadar y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki bilgiler anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n belirtilmesi gereken ba\u015fka bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise dikey da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00d6zellik, e\u015fy\u00fckselti e\u011frilerinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, haritalarda g\u00f6sterilemez. E\u011fer bir co\u011fraf\u00ee bilginin yatay da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 yan\u0131nda dikey da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00f6sterilmesi isteniyorsa, uygun aral\u0131klarla e\u015fy\u00fckselti e\u011frilerinin \u00e7izilmesi gerekir. Co\u011frafya ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda yatay da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f kadar dikey da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f da \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Akdeniz, Ege denizi ve Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131 y\u00f6relerinde ormanlar hemen denizin kenar\u0131ndan ba\u015flar, Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde orman alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7ok daha y\u00fckseklerden (1000-1200 m.) ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise zamanda da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zamanda da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n g\u00f6sterilebilmesi i\u00e7in veriler zaman b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine (y\u0131l, ay, g\u00fcn gibi) ayr\u0131larak ifade edilir. Zamanda da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f genellikle grafiklerle ifade edilir.<\/p>\n
2. \u0130lgi ve Ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k Prensibi: Co\u011frafyan\u0131n konusu olan her olay veya olgu, ba\u015fka bir olay veya olgu ile ilgilidir. T\u00fcrkiye’de tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile al\u00fcvyal ovalar ve al\u00e7ak platolar aras\u0131nda yak\u0131n bir ilgi vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye’deki tar\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bu araziler \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r
\n K\u00fclt\u00fcr bitkilerinin ekim alanlar\u0131yla oradaki iklim \u00f6zellikleri aras\u0131nda yak\u0131n bir ilgi vard\u0131r \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her bitkinin yeti\u015fip olgunla\u015fabilmesi, meyve verebilmesi i\u00e7in y\u0131l i\u00e7inde belirli devrelerde belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde suya ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. B\u00fcnyesinde bol miktarda su bulunduran muz meyvesi en hafif don olay\u0131ndan bile etkilenir. \u0130\u015fte bundan dolay\u0131 muz, k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u0131l\u0131k ge\u00e7en Akdeniz ikliminde yeti\u015fir. Yani muz ekim alanlar\u0131yla k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u0131l\u0131man ge\u00e7en \u0130klim aras\u0131nda yak\u0131n bir ilgi vard\u0131r<\/p>\n
3. Nedensellik Prensibi: Her bilimde oldu\u011fu gibi co\u011frafyada da “neden” sorusu s\u0131k s\u0131k sorulur Bu sorunun cevab\u0131 mutlaka verilmelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her \u015feyin bir nedeni vard\u0131r. \u00dclkemizdeki tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi ele al\u0131narak nedensellik prensibi \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir: Ege B\u00f6lgesi’ndeki vadi taban\u0131 d\u00fczl\u00fcklerinde ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ovalar\u0131nda pamuk tar\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nemli yer tutar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nin vadi tabanlar\u0131nda ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ovalar\u0131nda (I\u011fd\u0131r Ovas\u0131 hari\u00e7) bu bitki yeti\u015femez. Bunun nedeni, Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’ndeki yaz s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bu bitkinin yeti\u015fmesi i\u00e7in yeterli olmamas\u0131d\u0131r, Akdeniz ve Ege b\u00f6lgelerinde yeti\u015fen turun\u00e7gillerin Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde yeti\u015fememesinin nedeni de \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r; Turun\u00e7gil meyveleri b\u00fcnyelerinde bol su bulundururlar. Onun i\u00e7in k\u0131\u015f so\u011fuklar\u0131nda donarlar. Ayr\u0131ca turun\u00e7gil a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 da \u015fiddetli karasal iklimin k\u0131\u015f so\u011fuklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011fildir.
\n Co\u011frafyan\u0131n yukar\u0131da belirtilen da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f, nedensellik, ilgi ve ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k prensipleri, sadece co\u011frafyan\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 (patenti co\u011frafyaya ait olan) prensipler de\u011fildir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde b\u00fct\u00fcn bilimler birbiriyle i\u00e7ice girmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck projeler \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlara mensup ki\u015filerden olu\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar grubu taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Onun i\u00e7in g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde nedensellik prensibinin sadece co\u011frafyaya ait oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r, B\u00f6yle bir iddia ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi iyi kavrayamaman\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olabilir. Hi\u00e7 bir bilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez ki “neden” sorusunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n. Onun i\u00e7in nedensellik prensibi sadece co\u011frafyaya \u00f6zg\u00fc bir prensip de\u011fildir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bilimlere aittir. Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f prensibi de yine bir\u00e7ok bilim taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Toprak haritas\u0131n\u0131 yapmayan yani topraklar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyen bir toprak bilimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Ayn\u0131 durum jeoloji ve di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok bilim i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu nedenle prensipler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, co\u011frafyan\u0131n di\u011fer bilimlerden fark\u0131, yukar\u0131da belirtilen prensiplerin sadece kendisine ait olmas\u0131 de\u011fil, bu \u00fc\u00e7 prensibi birlikte kullanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Co\u011frafya’n\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 temel prensibi vard\u0131r 1. Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f Prensibi:Bu prensip co\u011frafyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli prensibidir. Co\u011frafya ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na neden olan konular\u0131n belirli bir alandaki yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve bulunu\u015f bi\u00e7imleri, da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f olarak ifade edilir. Buradaki alan bir y\u00f6re olabilece\u011fi gibi, havza, b\u00f6l\u00fcm, b\u00f6lge, \u00fclke, k\u0131ta ve hatta d\u00fcnya olabilir. Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilecek olan konu ise; bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, yer \u015fekilleri, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[10289,10290,10584,10293],"class_list":["post-4938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-cografyanin-prensipleri","tag-dagilis-prensibi","tag-ilgi-ve-baglilik-prensibi","tag-nedensellik-prensibi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4938"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4938\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}