T\u00fcrkiye, bitki t\u00fcr ve \u00e7e\u015fitleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin \u00fclkelerinden biridir. T\u00fcm Avrupa K\u0131tas\u0131\u2019nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 12.000 bitki t\u00fcr\u00fc yer al\u0131rken T\u00fcrkiye’de 12.000\u2019den fazla bitki t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\nBitki T\u00fcrlerinin \u00c7e\u015fitlilik G\u00f6stermesinde; \u0130klim tiplerinin \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli olmas\u0131Yer \u015fekillerinin ve y\u00fckseltinin k\u0131sa mesafede \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6stermesiMatematik konum olarak orta ku\u015fakta yer almas\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rler etkilidir.\u00dclkemizde III ve IV. jeolojik zamanlarda olu\u015fmu\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki iklim \u015fartlar\u0131nda yeti\u015fmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan ve relikt (kal\u0131nt\u0131) diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan baz\u0131 bitki t\u00fcrleri mevcuttur.\u00d6rne\u011fin Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde yer yer g\u00f6r\u00fclen k\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am, sandal ve sedirler asl\u0131nda Akdeniz bitkileridir. Yani bunlar IV. Zamandaki iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finde olu\u015fan kal\u0131nt\u0131 bitkilerdir.\u00dclkemizdeki bitkilerin yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te biri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen endemik bitkilerdir. \u00dclkemizde endemik bitkiler en \u00e7ok Toros Da\u011flar\u0131 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda bulunur. K\u00f6yce\u011fiz G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresindeki s\u0131\u011fla a\u011fac\u0131, G\u00f6ller Y\u00f6resi\u2018nde kasnak me\u015fesi, Dat\u00e7a ve Teke Yar\u0131madalar\u0131ndaki Dat\u00e7a hurmas\u0131, Kazda\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki Kazda\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6knar\u0131, Yenice (Zonguldak) civar\u0131ndaki Istranca me\u015fesi, Kastamonu ve Yozgat \u00e7evresindeki \u0130spir me\u015fesi endemik bitkilere \u00f6rnektir. <\/p>\n
A.ORMAN
\n \u00dclkemizin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 27,64’\u00fc ormanlarla kapl\u0131 olup bu ormanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131 kesimlerinde yer almaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ormanlar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda en fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 etkilidir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler orman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zengindir. Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 hari\u00e7 tahrip edilen ormanlar\u0131n kendini yenilemesi yurdumuzun bir \u00e7ok yerinde zordur.
\nOrmanlar, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu toplulu\u011fa denir. A\u011fa\u00e7lar yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re i\u011fne ve geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 diye iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu yerlerde geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 ormanlar, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde ise i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 ormanlar yer al\u0131r.
\n Ormanlar\u0131n geli\u015fmesini s\u0131n\u0131rlayan iklim olaylar\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orman \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k belirler. Bu s\u0131n\u0131r ormanlar\u0131n ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerdir. Orman alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ise ya\u011f\u0131\u015f belirler.\u00dclkemizde orman \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n en fazla oldu\u011fu yerler Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndedir. Burada orman \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 2800 m dir. \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da 2500 m, Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde 2100 m ve Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde 2000 m\u2019dir.
\n\u0130\u011eNE YAPRAKLI A\u011eA\u00c7LAR
\nKIZIL\u00c7AM
\nK\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 seven h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir \u00e7am t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. D\u00fcnyadaki en geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’dedir. Esas olarak Akdeniz ve Ege B\u00f6lgelerinde geni\u015f ormanlar olu\u015ftururlar.
\nFISTIK \u00c7AMI
\n Tipik bir Akdeniz a\u011fac\u0131 olan f\u0131st\u0131k\u00e7am\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131 ve G\u00fcney Anadolu’da ormanlar kurar. Tohumlar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.Halk aras\u0131nda “\u00e7am f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131” diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan tohumlar\u0131 Bat\u0131 Anadolu y\u00f6resindeki k\u00f6yl\u00fcler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir gelir kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.
\nSARI\u00c7AM
\n Sar\u0131\u00e7am, Kuzey Anadolu’nun y\u00fcksek da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerinde saf yada kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ormanlar kurmakla birlikte, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck adac\u0131klar halinde i\u00e7 ve g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgelerimize kadar ula\u015f\u0131r. Narin g\u00f6vdeli, sivri tepeli ve ince dall\u0131 bir a\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131r. Yeti\u015fkin bireylerinin boyu 40 metreyi a\u015far.
\nKARA\u00c7AM
\n \u0130\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerimiz ile b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerimizin da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerinde saf ya da kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ormanlar kurar.
\nARDI\u00c7
\nS\u00fcr\u00fcngen \u00e7al\u0131lardan b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011fa\u00e7lara kadar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrleri olan ard\u0131\u00e7, hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgelerimizin y\u00fcksek da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerinde do\u011fal yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterir.
\nSED\u0130R
\nBat\u0131, Orta Toroslar\u2019da do\u011fal olarak bulunur. Toros Sediri\u2019nin d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki en geni\u015f do\u011fal ormanlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’dedir.
\nG\u00d6KNAR(K\u00d6KNAR)
\n 40m’ye kadar boylanabilen g\u00f6knarlar, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc formu, g\u00f6vde kabu\u011fu i\u011fne yapraklar\u0131 ve hatta kokusu ile \u00c7amgiller familyas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer t\u00fcrlerinden ay\u0131rt edilebilir. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki 40 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden d\u00f6rd\u00fc; Do\u011fu Karadeniz g\u00f6knar\u0131 , Bat\u0131 Karadeniz g\u00f6knar\u0131 , Kazda\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6knar\u0131 ,Toros g\u00f6knar\u0131 \u00fclkemizde do\u011fal yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f alan\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.
\nLAD\u0130N
\n Kuzey yar\u0131k\u00fcrenin \u0131l\u0131man ve so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerinde yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterir.\u00dclkemizde Do\u011fu Karadeniz da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n denize bakan y\u00fcksek kesimlerinde saf ya da kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ormanlar kuran t\u00fcr\u00fc Do\u011fu ladinidir.
\nSERV\u0130
\nF\u0131st\u0131k \u00e7am\u0131 ile birlikte Akdeniz’in do\u011fal peyzaj\u0131n\u0131 karakterize eder. T\u00fcrk\u00fclere konu olmu\u015f inceli\u011fi, uzun boyu (30-35 m) ve koyu ye\u015fil yaprak dokusu ile uzaklardan dikkati \u00e7eker.
\nGEN\u0130\u015e YAPRAKLI A\u011eA\u00c7LAR
\n ME\u015eE
\n\u00dclkemizin hemen her b\u00f6lgesinde t\u00fcrlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterir. 25 m boya ve 2 m \u00e7apa eri\u015febilen geni\u015f tepeli a\u011fa\u00e7lardan 3-5 m boya sahip \u00e7al\u0131lara kadar de\u011fi\u015fen t\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r.
\nKAYIN
\n Daha \u00e7ok kuzey b\u00f6lgelerimizde do\u011fal yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermekle birlikte kay\u0131n a\u011fac\u0131 g\u00fcneydeki Nur da\u011flar\u0131nda da yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterir. Saf yada g\u00f6knar, ladin, \u00e7am ve me\u015felerle kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k geni\u015f ormanlar kurar.
\nG\u00dcRGEN
\n Trakya, Ege, Marmara B\u00f6lgesi, Kuzey Anadolu ve Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterir. Genellikle kuzey ve g\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerimizin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ormanlar\u0131nda bulunur.
\nKIZILA\u011eA\u00c7
\n Trakya, Marmara \u00e7evresi, Bat\u0131 Karadeniz ve Do\u011fu Karadeniz’de saf ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olarak yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterir.
\nAK\u00c7AA\u011eA\u00c7
\nAd\u0131n\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k renkli odunundan al\u0131r. Kanatl\u0131 meyveleri kelebe\u011fe benzedi\u011fi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde “kelebek a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131” olarak da an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nKESTANE
\n Kuzey Anadolu ve Marmara B\u00f6lgesi’nde yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterir. \u00c7i\u00e7ekleri \u00f6nemli bir bal kayna\u011f\u0131 olan kestanenin meyvesi de ekonomik de\u011fere sahiptir.
\nD\u0130\u015eBUDAK
\n Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Karadeniz B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ile Marmara ve Ege B\u00f6lgesi’nde yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterir.
\nIHLAMUR
\n Kuzey Anadolu Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n denize bakan yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda 1000 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011fe kadar yeti\u015febilmektedir.\u00c7ok ge\u00e7 a\u00e7an \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri (Haziran-Temmuz) kurutularak \u00e7ay gibi i\u00e7ilir.
\n\u00c7INAR
\n Orman b\u00f6lgelerindeki dere i\u00e7lerinde ve akarsu yataklar\u0131nda do\u011fal olarak yeti\u015fir.
\nKAVAK
\n T\u00fcrkiye’nin hemen her b\u00f6lgesinde yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterir. Do\u011fal yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren t\u00fcrleri; Karakavak , Akkavak ,Titrek kavak , F\u0131rat kava\u011f\u0131d\u0131r .
\nB.MAK\u0130<\/p>\n
Maki; Akdeniz ikliminin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerlerde, k\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am ve me\u015fe ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n tahrip edilmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, bodur a\u011fa\u00e7 ve \u00e7al\u0131lardan olu\u015fan bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Genellikle 1-3 m boyundad\u0131r. Makiyi olu\u015fturan bitkilerin yapraklar\u0131 kal\u0131n, sert, cilal\u0131 veya ke\u00e7e gibi t\u00fcyl\u00fcd\u00fcr.Makiyi olu\u015fturan ba\u015fl\u0131ca bitkiler; Yabani zeytin, mersin, ke\u00e7iboynuzu, kermez me\u015fesi, sandal, kocayemi\u015f, defne, sak\u0131z, menengi\u00e7, zakkum, tesbih a\u011fac\u0131 ve ak\u00e7akesmedir.Makiler; Marmara k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda 300-400 m, Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda 500-600m, Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda 700-800m y\u00fckseltiye kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Makilerin \u00e7\u0131kabildi\u011fi \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermesinin nedeni, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n enleme g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmesidir.Akdeniz ve Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda makilerin tahrip edildi\u011fi, topra\u011f\u0131n inceldi\u011fi alanlarda dikenli \u00e7al\u0131lardan olu\u015fan bitki topluluklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Garig ad\u0131 verilen bu bitkilerin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131; lavanta \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, diken \u00e7al\u0131s\u0131, s\u00fcp\u00fcrge \u00e7al\u0131s\u0131, laden, yasemin ve fundad\u0131r.Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda da ormanlar\u0131n tahrip edildi\u011fi yerlerde \u00e7al\u0131lara rastlan\u0131r. Bunlara \u201cyalanc\u0131 maki (ps\u00f6domaki) \u201d denir.
\nC.BOZKIR<\/p>\n
Kurak ve yar\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgelerde, ilkbahar ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla ye\u015feren ve yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle sararan ot topluluklar\u0131d\u0131r. Bozk\u0131rlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen yayg\u0131n ot t\u00fcrleri; geven, \u00e7oban yast\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fczerlik, \u00e7ak\u0131r dikeni, yav\u015fan otu, gelincik, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r kuyru\u011fu, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7otu, \u00e7ay\u0131r \u00fc\u00e7g\u00fcl\u00fc, peygamber \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fidir.\u00dclkemizin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bozk\u0131rlar yer almaktad\u0131r. Fakat bu alanlar\u0131n hepsi do\u011fal bozk\u0131r de\u011fildir. \u0130\u00e7 kesimlerde insanlar taraf\u0131ndan ormanlar\u0131n tahrip edilmesiyle olu\u015fan bozk\u0131r alanlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Bunlara antropojen bozk\u0131r ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n
D.\u00c7AYIR<\/p>\n
\u0130lkbaharda ye\u015ferip yaz boyu ye\u015fil kalan, bozk\u0131rlardan daha g\u00fcr ot topluluklar\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131r, da\u011f \u00e7ay\u0131r\u0131 veya alpin \u00e7ay\u0131r olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.Bunlar, Erzurum-Kars \u00e7evresindeki y\u00fcksek plato alanlar\u0131nda, Kuzey Anadolu Da\u011flar\u0131nda, Toroslar\u2019da ve \u00fclkemizin do\u011fusunda yer alan y\u00fcksek da\u011flarda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.Da\u011f \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan ba\u015fl\u0131ca ot t\u00fcrleri; geven, yumak, tarla sarma\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, sar\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ekli orman g\u00fcl\u00fc, mine, kar \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri, kardelen, ta\u015fk\u0131ran, y\u0131ld\u0131z ve \u00e7ay\u0131rd\u0131r. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye, bitki t\u00fcr ve \u00e7e\u015fitleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin \u00fclkelerinden biridir. T\u00fcm Avrupa K\u0131tas\u0131\u2019nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 12.000 bitki t\u00fcr\u00fc yer al\u0131rken T\u00fcrkiye’de 12.000\u2019den fazla bitki t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bitki T\u00fcrlerinin \u00c7e\u015fitlilik G\u00f6stermesinde; \u0130klim tiplerinin \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli olmas\u0131Yer \u015fekillerinin ve y\u00fckseltinin k\u0131sa mesafede \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6stermesiMatematik konum olarak orta ku\u015fakta yer almas\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rler etkilidir.\u00dclkemizde III ve IV. jeolojik …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[10640,10642,10643,2970,2927,4365,10641,3648,10639],"class_list":["post-4992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-avrupa-kitasi","tag-camgiller","tag-fistik-cami","tag-iklim-tipleri","tag-karadeniz-bolgesi","tag-kizilcam","tag-saricam","tag-toros-daglari","tag-turkiye-de-bitki-ortusu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4992"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4992\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}