HAYVANCILIK
\nTar\u0131m\u0131n bir kolu olan hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ; ekonomik de\u011feri olan hayvanlar\u0131n yeti\u015ftirilmesi, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve pazarlanmas\u0131 olay\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131rsal kesimlerde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k tar\u0131m\u0131n sigortas\u0131 durumundad\u0131r. \u0130klimdeki karas\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n tar\u0131m\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilemesinden dolay\u0131. Tar\u0131m hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k birbirini destekler. \u00d6rnek : \u015eeker fabrikalar\u0131 \u00e7evresinde besi hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi.
\nDo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesinde iklim ve yer \u015fekillerinin tar\u0131msal faaliyetleri olumsuz etkilemesinden dolay\u0131 b\u00f6lgede birinci ekonomik faaliyet hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye hayvan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fazla olan bir \u00fclkedir. Ancak hayvanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n et, s\u00fct, yumurta, yapa\u011f\u0131 verimleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
HAYVANCILI\u011eIMIZI GEL\u0130\u015eT\u0130RMEK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N;
\nHayvan Soylar\u0131 \u0130yile\u015ftirilmeli (Islah edilmeli)
\nYerli \u0131rklar et-s\u00fct verimi y\u00fcksek olan \u0131rklarla melezle\u015ftirilmeli veya iyi cins hayvan ithal ederek say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z. \u0130yi cins hayvan yeti\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130yi cins hayvan yeti\u015ftiren \u00e7iftliklere hara denir. \u00d6rnek : Bursa-Karacabey, Eski\u015fehir-\u00c7ifteler.
\nMera Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yerine Ah\u0131r Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Geli\u015ftirilmeli
\nMera hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 otlaklarda yap\u0131lan hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k \u015feklidir. Masrafs\u0131zd\u0131r. Ancak verim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bundan dolay\u0131 yem kullan\u0131m\u0131 fazla olan , fakat verimi y\u00fcksek olan ah\u0131r hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00f6nem verilmelidir.
\nOtlaklar Korunmal\u0131
\nOtlaklar\u0131m\u0131z tar\u0131mda makinala\u015fma ile s\u00fcrekli olarak daralmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca otlaklarda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 otlatma sonucu otlaklar bozulmaktad\u0131r. Bu olumsuzluklar sonucunda hayvanlar\u0131m\u0131z yeterince beslenememektedir. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bu olumsuz durumlar \u00f6nlenmeli.
\nYem \u00fcretimi art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131.
\nErken kesim \u00f6nlenmeli (s\u00fct kuzu-s\u00fct dana)
\nSalg\u0131n hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadele edilmeli
\n\u00c7ift\u00e7i e\u011fitilmeli ve kredi deste\u011fi sa\u011flanmal\u0131.
\n*** T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de genelde mera hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bundan dolay\u0131 hayvanc\u0131l\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n co\u011frafi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok iklim etkilidir. Ayr\u0131ca et ve s\u00fct \u00fcretimi de iklimin etkisi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\nB\u00dcY\u00dcKBA\u015e HAYVANCILIK (S\u0131\u011f\u0131r, manda, at, e\u015fek, kat\u0131r, deve)
\nSI\u011eIR
\nB\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f hayvanlar i\u00e7inde en fazla s\u0131\u011f\u0131r(inek, \u00f6k\u00fcz ,dana) yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi vard\u0131r. S\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde de en fazla inek yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. B\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgelerimizde inek yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi vard\u0131r. Ama en fazla Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde Erzurum-Kars B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ile Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi’nin k\u0131y\u0131 kesiminde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesinde geli\u015fmesi ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 g\u00fcr ot ve \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u0131n geni\u015f alan kaplamas\u0131d\u0131r. Erzurum-Kars b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde geli\u015fmesi yaz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla olu\u015fan g\u00fcr ot ve \u00e7ay\u0131rl\u0131klard\u0131r. \u0130nek yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi ayr\u0131ca \u015feker fabrikalar\u0131 \u00e7evresinde de geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u015e.Pancar\u0131 k\u00fcspesinin hayvan yemi olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131.<\/p>\n
MANDA
\nBol sulu batakl\u0131k ve g\u00f6l kenarlar\u0131nda beslenir. Yurdumuzda ba\u015fta Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi k\u0131y\u0131 kesimi olmak \u00fczere G.Marmara B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Et kalitesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fundan yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi fazla geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir.
\n***B\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Do\u011fu B\u00f6lgelerimizde mera hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde iken Bat\u0131 B\u00f6lgelerimizde ah\u0131r hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcKBA\u015e HAYVANCILIK
\nKOYUN
\nBozk\u0131rlar\u0131n hayvan\u0131d\u0131r. Hafif dalgal\u0131 d\u00fczl\u00fcklerde iyi yeti\u015fir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin iklim \u015fartlar\u0131 genelde koyun yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fine elveri\u015flidir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k sebebiyle Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesinin do\u011fusunda yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131y\u0131 kesiminde, y\u00fcksek nem ve g\u00fcr \u00e7ay\u0131rlardan dolay\u0131 koyun yeti\u015ftirilmez. En fazla koyun yeti\u015ftiren b\u00f6lgemiz Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi\u2019dir (B\u00f6lgenin bat\u0131s\u0131nda) . Ayr\u0131ca \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ve G.Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgelerinde de koyun yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\nKoyun T\u00fcrleri
\nK\u0131v\u0131rc\u0131k: So\u011fu\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Et verimi y\u00fcksektir. Marmara ve Ege B\u00f6lgelerinde yeti\u015ftirilir.
\nDa\u011fl\u0131\u00e7: Ege ve \u0130\u00e7 Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da yeti\u015ftirilir.
\nKaraman: Ege, \u0130\u00e7, Do\u011fu ve G.Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgelerinde yeti\u015ftirilir.
\nSak\u0131z ve Merinos: G.Marmara B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yeti\u015ftirilir. Merinos y\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inyeti\u015ftirilmektedir. <\/p>\n
KIL KE\u00c7\u0130S\u0130
\nDa\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerin hayvan\u0131d\u0131r. A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n filizlerini yemek suretiyle beslenir. Ormanlara zarar verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluna gidilmektedir. En fazla Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi ile Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgelerinde yeti\u015ftirilir. <\/p>\n
T\u0130FT\u0130K KE\u00c7\u0130S\u0130 (Ankara Ke\u00e7isi)
\nTifti\u011fi i\u00e7in yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. Yurdumuzda en fazla \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde Ankara- Konya \u00e7evresinde yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. Ege B\u00f6lgesi’nde K\u00fctahya, \u0130zmir, Afyon \u00e7evresinde, Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi’nde Bolu-Kastamonu \u00e7evresinde ve G. Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesinde ise Siirt-Mardin \u00e7evresinde yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. <\/p>\n
***Sa\u011f\u0131lan ve kesilen hayvan say\u0131s\u0131 az; \u00fcretilen s\u00fct ve et miktar\u0131 fazla ise orada B\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k (inek yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi) geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Sa\u011f\u0131lan ve kesilen hayvan say\u0131s\u0131 fazla iken ; \u00fcretilen et ve s\u00fct miktar\u0131 az ise K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k geli\u015fmi\u015ftir( Koyun yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi).
\nK\u00dcMES HAYVANCILI\u011eI ( Tavuk , horoz, hindi, kaz, \u00f6rdek,deveku\u015fu)
\nK\u00fcmes hayvanlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde en fazla yeti\u015ftirilen tavuktur. K\u00fcmes hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgelerimizde yap\u0131labilmektedir. Ama en fazla Marmara ve Ege B\u00f6lgelerinde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir, Manisa, Bal\u0131kesir, Ankara gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck kentler \u00e7evresinde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\nARICILIK
\nBal, bal mumu, polen ,ar\u0131 s\u00fct\u00fc elde etmek i\u00e7in ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgelerimizde yap\u0131labilmektedir. En fazla Ege ve Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgelerinde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Mu\u011fla, Manisa,\u0130zmir, Bal\u0131kesir,\u00c7anakkale, A\u011fr\u0131, Erzurum, Hakkari, Rize (Anzer y\u00f6resinin ballar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.) ,Artvin , Ordu \u00f6nemli bal \u00fcretim merkezlerimizdir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye de\u011fi\u015fik iklim b\u00f6lgeleri ve co\u011frafyas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00e7ok zengin ve \u00e7e\u015fitli ar\u0131 floras\u0131na sahiptir. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi nedeni ile \u00c7in, ABD ve Meksika’dan sonra koloni varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 3.5 milyon adet koloni ile d\u00fcnyada 4. s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’nin toplam bal \u00fcretimi 65.000 tondur. Bunun 4.000 – 8.000 tonu d\u0131\u015f sat\u0131ma gitmektedir. Halen 38.000 aile ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yaparak, bal ve di\u011fer ar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini \u00fcretmektedir. Bu ailelerin 10.000 adedi ge\u00e7imini sadece ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan sa\u011flamakta, di\u011fer 28.000 aile ise yan gelir olarak ar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcretmektedir.
\nAncak \u00fclkede koloni ba\u015f\u0131na ortalama bal verimi 15 – 17 kg civar\u0131nda olup, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki verimin 1 \/ 3′ \u00fc kadard\u0131r.
\n\u0130PEK B\u00d6CEK\u00c7\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130
\n\u0130pek b\u00f6ce\u011fi yeti\u015ftirme ve kozas\u0131ndan ipek elde etme faaliyetidir.Dut yapra\u011f\u0131 yemek suretiyle beslenir. En fazla G.Marmara\u2019da geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bursa, Bal\u0131kesir, Bilecik \u00e7evresinde \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130pekli dokumada ise Bursa-Gemlik-\u0130stanbul geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\nBALIK\u00c7ILIK<\/p>\n
Yurdumuzun etraf\u0131 denizlerle \u00e7evrili, bir\u00e7ok akarsu ve tatl\u0131 su g\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcz olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir.
\nBal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Geli\u015fmemesinin Sebepleri
\nDenizlerimizin bal\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin olmamas\u0131.
\nA\u00e7\u0131k deniz (Okyanus) bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmay\u0131\u015f\u0131.
\nTa\u015f\u0131ma ve depolama imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi.
\nZararl\u0131 avlanma y\u00f6ntemlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 (dinamit patlatma, trol avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi)
\nDenizlerimizdeki kirlenmenin \u00f6nlenememesi.
\nBal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Geli\u015febilmesi \u0130\u00e7in;
\nA\u00e7\u0131k deniz bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nTatl\u0131 su bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fvik edilmelidir.
\nZararl\u0131 bal\u0131k avlama y\u00f6ntemleri \u00f6nlenmelidir.
\nK\u0131y\u0131 kirlenmesi \u00f6nlenmelidir.
\nModern bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6ntemleri uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nDepolama ve so\u011futuculu ara\u00e7larla ta\u015f\u0131ma olanaklar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nK\u00fclt\u00fcr bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmelidir.
\nDeniz bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131: \u00dclkemizdeki su \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 (% 90) denizlerden elde edilmektedir. Denizlerden sa\u011flanan bal\u0131k \u00fcretiminin % 81 ini Karadeniz, % 11’ini Marmara, % 5 ini Ege, % 3 \u00fcn\u00fc Akdeniz kar\u015f\u0131lar.
\nTatl\u0131 su bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131: Bu bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k akarsularda tatl\u0131 su g\u00f6llerinde ve barajlarda yap\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011firdir, Bey\u015fehir, Ulubat, \u0130znik, Sapanca, \u00c7\u0131ld\u0131r g\u00f6llerinde tatl\u0131 su bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken, Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc, Burdur, Ac\u0131g\u00f6l ve Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn akarsu a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bal\u0131k \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lamaz. Son y\u0131llarda Keban, Karakaya, Seyhan, Hirfanl\u0131, Atat\u00fcrk gibi baraj g\u00f6llerinde bal\u0131k \u00fcretim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nK\u00fclt\u00fcr Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131: Son y\u0131llarda \u00fclkemizde temiz akarsu boylar\u0131nda, \u00f6zel yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f havuzlarda k\u00fclt\u00fcr bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lmakta ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla alabal\u0131k yeti\u015ftirilmektedir
\n***Bodrum k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda s\u00fcnger avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\n***Japonya ve Norve\u00e7\u2019te bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Sebepleri : Okyanus ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131m alan\u0131nda olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
HAYVANCILIK Tar\u0131m\u0131n bir kolu olan hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ; ekonomik de\u011feri olan hayvanlar\u0131n yeti\u015ftirilmesi, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve pazarlanmas\u0131 olay\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131rsal kesimlerde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k tar\u0131m\u0131n sigortas\u0131 durumundad\u0131r. \u0130klimdeki karas\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n tar\u0131m\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilemesinden dolay\u0131. Tar\u0131m hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k birbirini destekler. \u00d6rnek : \u015eeker fabrikalar\u0131 \u00e7evresinde besi hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi. Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesinde iklim ve yer \u015fekillerinin tar\u0131msal faaliyetleri olumsuz etkilemesinden dolay\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[10673,2945,10674,10671,10672,10670],"class_list":["post-5015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-buyuk-bas-hayvan","tag-dogu-anadolu-bolgesi","tag-ipek-bocegi","tag-kirsal-kesim","tag-mera-hayvanciligi","tag-turkiyede-hayvancilik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5015","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5015"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5015\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5015"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}