D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n hemen her b\u00f6lgesinin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir iklimi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fczlerce km\u00b2 lik sahalar\u0131 etkileyen b\u00fcy\u00fck iklim gruplar\u0131na makroklimaad\u0131 verilmektedir.
\nMakroklimalar i\u00e7erisinde b\u00f6lgesel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6steren, \u00f6zel ko\u015fullu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck iklim alanlar\u0131na da mikroklima denilmektedir. Yurdumuzda buna \u00f6rnek: I\u011fd\u0131r\u2019da pamuk tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131labilmesi ve Rize\u2019de turun\u00e7giller tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131labilmesidir.
\nA.
\nSICAK \u0130KL\u0130MLER
\nEKVATORAL \u0130KL\u0130M <\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerler: 10 kuzey ve g\u00fcney enlemleri ars\u0131nda etkilidir.
\n\u00d6zellikle Amazon ve Kongo Havzalar\u0131 ile Malezya , Endonezya,Filipinler ve Papua Yeni Gine\u2019de etkilidir. <\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri <\/p>\n
\u2022Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 25 \u00b0C\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcndedir.
\n\u2022Y\u0131ll\u0131k ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 en az olan iklimdir (1-2 \u00b0C civar\u0131nda). Sebepleri : G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131l dike yak\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve nemlili\u011fin fazla olmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u2022Her mevsim d\u00fczenli ya\u011f\u0131\u015f al\u0131r. Fakat en fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n Ekvatora dik geldi\u011fi tarihlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Buharla\u015fma artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in.
\n\u2022Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar olu\u015fum bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Konveksiyon ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131na \u00f6rnektir.
\n\u2022Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 2000 mm \u2018nin \u00fcst\u00fcndedir.
\nBitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131l ye\u015fil kalan s\u0131k ve uzun boylu ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k kimyasal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeyi art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nTopraklar fazla y\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in verimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli Laterit topraklar\u0131d\u0131r.
\nEkvatoral b\u00f6lgede 1000 m nin alt\u0131ndaki yerlerde s\u0131k orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, batakl\u0131klar, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem sebebiyle n\u00fcfus \u00e7okseyrektir. <\/p>\n
YAZLARI YA\u011eI\u015eLI TROP\u0130KAL( Subtropikal-Savan) \u0130KL\u0130M\u0130
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerler: Ekvatoral iklim ile \u00e7\u00f6l iklimi aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr (10-20\u00b0 kuzey ve g\u00fcney enlemleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr) <\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri
\n\u2022Bu iklim b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 y\u0131lda iki kez dik a\u00e7\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015fer. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n dik geldi\u011fi yaz d\u00f6nemi ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 , k\u0131\u015flar kurakt\u0131r.
\n\u2022S\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131l 20 \u00b0C nin \u00fcst\u00fcndedir.
\n\u2022Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 1000-1200 mm aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\nBitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc savand\u0131r. Savanlar uzun s\u00fcre ye\u015fil kalan , g\u00fcr ve uzun boylu ot topluluklar\u0131d\u0131r. Savan bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7inde yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde ve akarsu boylar\u0131nda ormanlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr <\/p>\n
MUSON \u0130KL\u0130M\u0130
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerler: Muson r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n\u0131n etkili oldu\u011fu G\u00fcney, ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’da , Avustralya’n\u0131n kuzeyinde ve Do\u011fu Afrika’da Madagaskar adas\u0131nda etkilidir. <\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri
\n\u2022Muson r\u00fczgarlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bu iklimde yaz mevsimi ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 , k\u0131\u015flar kurakt\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle savan iklimi ile benzerlik g\u00f6sterir.
\n\u2022S\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131l 10 \u00b0C nin \u00fcst\u00fcndedir.
\n\u2022Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 Savan iklimine g\u00f6re fazlad\u0131r.
\n\u2022Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 1000-1500 mm civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ancak k\u0131y\u0131 kesimlerde bu ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 \u00e7ok daha fazla olabilmektedir. \u00d6rnek Hindistan\u2019\u0131n kuzey do\u011fusunda yer alan \u00c7erapun\u00e7i 12000 mm ya\u011f\u0131\u015f almaktad\u0131r (D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan yeridir).
\nBitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc k\u0131\u015f\u0131n yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6ken geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 muson ormanlar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u00c7\u00d6L \u0130KL\u0130MLER\u0130
\nY\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 150 mm nin alt\u0131nda olan b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7\u00f6l iklimleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n\u00c7\u00f6l iklimleri g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yere g\u00f6re;
\na-S\u0131cak \u00c7\u00f6ller ( Tropikal)
\nD\u00f6nenceler \u00e7evresinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Olu\u015fmas\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck hareketinden kaynaklanan dinamik y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 etkilidir.
\n\u2022Mutlak ve ba\u011f\u0131l nem \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu sebeple g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 en fazla olan iklimdir.
\n\u2022Belirli bir ya\u011f\u0131\u015f mevsimi yoktur.baz\u0131 y\u0131llar hi\u00e7 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f olmayabilir.
\n\u2022Mekanik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmenin en fazla oldu\u011fu iklimdir.
\n\u2022Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 kadar y\u00fcksek de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 bu alanlara y\u0131l boyunca dike yak\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.
\nBitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r. C\u0131l\u0131z ot ve \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klarla kakt\u00fcs iklimin do\u011fal bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015ftururlar.
\n\u00c7\u00f6llerde yer alt\u0131 su seviyesinin y\u00fczeye yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu veya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler olan vahalar canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli yerleri olu\u015fturur. Vahalar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc hurmad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
b- Karasal \u00c7\u00f6ller
\nIl\u0131man ku\u015fak kara i\u00e7lerinde etraf\u0131 da\u011flarla \u00e7evrili \u00e7ukur alanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Buralarda \u00e7\u00f6l \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclme sebebi ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerler: K\u0131z\u0131lkum (\u00d6zbekistan), Karakum (T\u00fcrkmenistan), Gobi (Mo\u011folistan), Taklamakan (\u00c7in) \u00e7\u00f6lleridir. <\/p>\n
B-ILIMAN KU\u015eAK \u0130KL\u0130MLER\u0130 <\/p>\n
ILIMAN OKYANUS \u0130KL\u0130M\u0130 <\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerler: Genel olarak, 30\u00b0 – 60\u00b0 enlemleri aras\u0131nda, karalar\u0131n bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bat\u0131 R\u00fczgarlar\u0131 ve s\u0131cak su ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 etkisiyle olu\u015fan iklim tipidir. Yurdumuzda Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda bu iklime benzer iklim \u015fartlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri:
\n\u2022Yazlar serin, k\u0131\u015flar \u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Her mevsim ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u2022En s\u0131cak ay ortalamas\u0131 24-25 \u00b0C, en so\u011fuk ay ortalamas\u0131 5-7 \u00b0C dir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama 13-15 \u00b0C dir.
\n\u2022G\u00fcnl\u00fck ve y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 azd\u0131r. Nemlilik fazla oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in.
\n\u2022Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 1500 mm civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Y\u00fckseltisi fazla olan yerlerde bu miktar artmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u2022En fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f Sonbaharda, en az ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ilkbaharda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n\u2022Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f olu\u015fumu yama\u00e7 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015feklindedir.
\nBitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc yayvan ve i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan olu\u015fan ormanlard\u0131r. Ormanlar\u0131n tahrip edildi\u011fi yerlerde \u00e7ay\u0131rlar bulunur. <\/p>\n
AKDEN\u0130Z \u0130KL\u0130M\u0130 <\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerler:
\nGenel olarak, 30\u00b0 – 40\u00b0 enlemleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\nAkdeniz\u2019e k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olan \u00fclkeler ( Libya ve M\u0131s\u0131r hari\u00e7. Buralarda g\u00f6r\u00fclmeme sebebiyer \u015fekillerinin engebesizolmas\u0131d\u0131r.)
\nAvustralya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131, G. Afrika Cumhuriyetinde Kap b\u00f6lgesi, \u015eili\u2019nin orta kesimleri ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019da Kaliforniya \u00e7evresinde etkilidir
\nAkdeniz iklimi yurdumuzda; Akdeniz,Ege ve G.Marmara k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ile G.Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesinin bat\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri <\/p>\n
\u2022Yazlar s\u0131cak ve kurak k\u0131\u015flar \u0131l\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u2022Yaz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na, kurakl\u0131k ise al\u00e7al\u0131c\u0131 hava hareketlerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u2022 En s\u0131cak ay ortalamas\u0131 28-30\u00b0C , en so\u011fuk ay ortalamas\u0131 8-10 \u00b0C dir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama 18\u00b0C dir.
\n\u2022Kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve don olay\u0131 \u00e7ok ender g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n\u2022En fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f k\u0131\u015f\u0131n , en az ya\u011f\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fer.
\n\u2022K\u0131\u015f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclen ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar Cephesel k\u00f6kenlidir. Cephesel ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar en fazla bu ikimde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n\u2022Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 y\u00fckseltiye g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Ortalama 600-1000 mm aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ; k\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n tahrip edilmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan makilerdir. Makiler, s\u00fcrekli ye\u015fil kalabilen, k\u0131sa boylu, sert yaprakl\u0131, kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131, bodur bitkilerdir. Mersin, defne, kocayemi\u015f,ke\u00e7iboynuzu, zakkum, zeytin, s\u00fcp\u00fcrge \u00e7al\u0131s\u0131 gibi bitkiler ba\u015fl\u0131ca maki t\u00fcrleridir.
\nSTEP \u0130KL\u0130M\u0130
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerler: S\u0131cak ve \u0131l\u0131man ku\u015fak kara i\u00e7lerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yurdumuzda \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesinde ve Ergene B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fclen karasal iklim buna \u00f6rnektir. <\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri <\/p>\n
\u2022Yazlar s\u0131cak ve kurak , k\u0131\u015flar so\u011fuk ve kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7er.
\n\u2022En s\u0131cak ay ortalamas\u0131 20-25 \u00b0C dir. En so\u011fuk ay ortalamas\u0131 da 0- (-2) \u00b0C dir.
\n\u2022En fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ilkbaharda, en az ya\u011f\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fer.
\n\u2022\u0130lkbaharda g\u00f6r\u00fclen ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar genelde konveksiyon (K\u0131rkikindi) ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015feklindedir.
\n\u2022Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 300-500 mm civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\nBitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ilkbahar ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla ye\u015feren, yaz ba\u015flar\u0131nda kuruyan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boylu ot toplulu\u011fudur. Buna step (bozk\u0131r) bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc denir. Bozk\u0131r bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7inde geven , deve dikeni, gelincik, \u00e7oban yast\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bitkiler yer almaktad\u0131r.
\nKarasal iklimlerde ormanlar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda olu\u015fan bozk\u0131rlara antropojen bozk\u0131r denir. Bu t\u00fcr bozk\u0131rlar, ormanlar\u0131n tahrip edilmesi sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yer yer orman a\u011fac\u0131 topluluklar\u0131na rastlan\u0131r.
\nORTA KU\u015eAK KARASAL \u0130KL\u0130M <\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerler: Deniz etkisinden uzak kara i\u00e7lerinde ve \u0131l\u0131man ku\u015fak karalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda (so\u011fuk su ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131) g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yurdumuzda ise Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde Erzurum \u2013Kars B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fclen karasal iklim buna benzer. <\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri:
\n\u2022K\u0131\u015f erken gelir, \u00e7ok so\u011fuk olur. Kar ortalama 80-90 g\u00fcn toprak \u00fcst\u00fcnde kal\u0131r. Yaz da erken gelir ve \u00e7ok s\u0131cak olur. Karlar h\u0131zla erir.
\n\u2022En s\u0131cak ay ortalamas\u0131 20 \u00b0C civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bazen s\u0131cakl\u0131k 30 \u00b0C ye kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir.
\n\u2022En so\u011fuk ay ortalamas\u0131 \u201310 \u00b0C civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 g\u00fcnler \u201340 \u00b0C ye kadar s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de g\u00f6zlenebilmektedir.
\n\u2022Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 3-5 \u00b0C dir.
\n\u2022Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 40-50 \u00b0C ye kadar ula\u015fabilmektedir.
\n\u2022En fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ilkbahar ve yaz d\u00f6nemlerinde d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Karasall\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar yaz mevsimine kaymaktad\u0131r. \u00d6r. Erzurum \u2013Kars b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu gibi.
\n\u2022En az ya\u011f\u0131\u015f k\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmektedir ve k\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fen ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar kar \u015feklindedir.
\n\u2022Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ortalamas\u0131 500-600 mm civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Do\u011fal bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc bozk\u0131rd\u0131r (yaz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 alpin \u00e7ay\u0131r \u015feklindedir.)
\nYa\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu yerlerde i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 ormanlar (Tayga) vard\u0131r.
\nSibirya ve Kanada da i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 ormanlarataygaormanlar\u0131ad\u0131 verilir. Taygalar, D\u00fcnya ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n % 15’ini olu\u015ftururlar. <\/p>\n
C- SO\u011eUK KU\u015eAK \u0130KL\u0130MLER\u0130 <\/p>\n
TUNDRA \u0130KL\u0130M\u0130 <\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerler: Sibirya, \u0130skandinavya Yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyinde, Kanada\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde, Gr\u00f6nland adas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131 kesimlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri:
\nEn s\u0131cak ay ortalamas\u0131 10 \u00b0C yi ge\u00e7mez. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u201330, -40 \u00b0C’lara kadar iner.
\nToprak y\u0131l\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesiminde donmu\u015f haldedir. Sadece yaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki buzlar erir ve batakl\u0131klar olu\u015fur.
\nY\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 200-250 mm civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\nBitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc yosun ,ot ve c\u0131l\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klardan olu\u015fan tundra bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
KUTUP \u0130KL\u0130M\u0130 <\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yerler: Gr\u00f6nland adas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 kesimleri ile Antartika k\u0131tas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri:
\nS\u0131cakl\u0131k b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131l 0 \u00b0C nin alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\nZemin buzlarla kapl\u0131d\u0131r.
\nBitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc yoktur.
\nG\u00fcne\u015flenme s\u00fcresi \u00e7ok uzun olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen s\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00fckselmez. Sebebi g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fik a\u00e7\u0131larla gelmesidir.
\nS\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fundan buharla\u015fma ile atmosfere kar\u0131\u015fan nem azd\u0131r. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ta azd\u0131r. Bu sebeple kutup iklimine so\u011fuk \u00e7\u00f6l iklimi de denir. <\/p>\n
\u0130KL\u0130M VE B\u0130TK\u0130 \u00d6RT\u00dcS\u00dc \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130 <\/p>\n
\u0130klim ile bitki topluluklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r. Kutup iklimi haricinde di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn iklimlerin kendine has karakteristik bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc vard\u0131r.
\nBitki \u00f6rt\u00fcleri yer \u015fekillerinden dolay\u0131, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde aral\u0131ks\u0131z ku\u015faklar olu\u015fturamazlar. Ancak, genel olarak Ekvator’dan kutuplara do\u011fru, geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 ormanlar, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ormanlar ve i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 ormanlar, \u015feklinde ku\u015faklar meydana gelmi\u015ftir.
\nS\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem, bitki hayat\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiler. Y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem oran\u0131 azal\u0131r. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc de seyrekle\u015fir. Belirli bir y\u00fckseklikten sonra c\u0131l\u0131zla\u015f\u0131r ve do\u011fal olarak ortadan kalkar. <\/p>\n
Bir yamaca d\u00fc\u015fen ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 ayn\u0131 ise, y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcndeki de\u011fi\u015fme s\u0131cakl\u0131k azalmas\u0131yla ilgilidir. Ancak, s\u0131cakl\u0131k\u015fartlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 ise, farkl\u0131la\u015fma nem miktar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle ilgilidir. <\/p>\n
Y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a bitki topluluklar\u0131, geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 orman, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ormanlar, i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 ormanlar ve da\u011f \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u0131 \u015feklinde ku\u015faklara ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n hemen her b\u00f6lgesinin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir iklimi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fczlerce km\u00b2 lik sahalar\u0131 etkileyen b\u00fcy\u00fck iklim gruplar\u0131na makroklimaad\u0131 verilmektedir. Makroklimalar i\u00e7erisinde b\u00f6lgesel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6steren, \u00f6zel ko\u015fullu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck iklim alanlar\u0131na da mikroklima denilmektedir. Yurdumuzda buna \u00f6rnek: I\u011fd\u0131r\u2019da pamuk tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131labilmesi ve Rize\u2019de turun\u00e7giller tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131labilmesidir. A. SICAK \u0130KL\u0130MLER EKVATORAL \u0130KL\u0130M G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerler: 10 kuzey ve g\u00fcney …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[10685,10225,2925,4365,10686,4424,10684],"class_list":["post-5029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-amazon-ve-kongo-havzalari","tag-dogal-bitki-ortusu","tag-iklim","tag-kizilcam","tag-madagaskar-adasi","tag-muson-ruzgarlari","tag-yeryuzunde-baslica-iklim-tipleri-ve-tabii-bitki-ortusu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5029"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5029\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}